Supermarine Southampton

The Supermarine Southampton was a 1920s British flying boat, one of the most successful flying boats of the between-war period. It was a development of the Supermarine Swan, which was used for a 10 passenger service between England and France.

Design and development
The Southampton was designed by the team of R. J. Mitchell, better known as the designer of the later Spitfire. Due to the success of the Swan, the Air Ministry ordered six Southamptons direct from the drawing board, which was very unusual. As the Swan had acted in effect as a prototype, development time was short.

The Southampton was a two-engine biplane flying boat, with the tractor engines mounted between the wings. The Southampton Mk I had both its hull and its wings manufactured from wood. The Southampton Mk II had a hull with a single thickness of metal (duralumin) (the Mk I had a double wooden bottom). This change gave a weight saving of 900 lb (409 kg) allowing for an increase of range of approximately 200 mi. In 1929, 24 of the Mk I were converted by having newly built metal hulls replacing the wooden ones. Some of the later aircraft were built with metal wings and were probably designated as Southampton Mk III. There were three positions for machine guns, one in the nose and two staggered in the rear fuselage.

The first flight of a production aircraft was made on 10 March 1925, and delivery to the RAF started in the middle of 1925.

Operational history
Southamptons first entered RAF service in August 1925 with No. 480 (Coastal Reconnaissance) Flight at RAF Calshot. In a series of "showing the flag" flights, the type quickly became famous for long-distance formation flights; the most notable was a 43,500 km expedition in 1927 and 1928. It was carried out by four Southamptons of the Far East Flight, setting out from Felixstowe via the Mediterranean and India to Singapore.

Further Southamptons were sold to a number of other countries. Eight new aircraft were sold to Argentina, with Turkey purchasing six aircraft and Australia buying two ex-RAF Mk 1 aircraft. Japan also purchased a single aircraft which was later converted into an 18 passenger cabin airliner. One RAF aircraft was loaned to Imperial Airways, with British Civil Registration G-AASH, for three-months from December 1929 to replace a crashed Short Calcutta on the airmail run between Genoa and Alexandria. In all, 83 Southamptons were constructed, excluding the three-engined Southampton MK X which was a single prototype.

Variants
Different powerplants were fitted in variants:
 * Mk I
 * Napier Lion V engine, wooden hull. 23 built.


 * Mk II
 * Napier Lion Va, 39 built


 * Argentina
 * Lorraine-Dietrich 12E. Five wooden hulled + three metal hulled aircraft.


 * Turkey
 * Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr. Six built.


 * Bristol Jupiter IX and Rolls-Royce Kestrel in experiments

Military Operators

 * Argentine Navy (8)
 * Royal Australian Air Force
 * Coastal Reconnaissance Flight RAAF
 * No. 1 Flying Training School's Seaplane Squadron RAAF
 * Naval Ensign of Japan.svg Japan
 * Turkish Air Force
 * Royal Air Force
 * No. 201 Squadron RAF
 * No. 203 Squadron RAF
 * No. 204 Squadron RAF
 * No. 205 Squadron RAF
 * No. 209 Squadron RAF
 * No. 210 Squadron RAF
 * No. 480 (Coastal Reconnaissance) Flight RAF
 * No. 204 Squadron RAF
 * No. 205 Squadron RAF
 * No. 209 Squadron RAF
 * No. 210 Squadron RAF
 * No. 480 (Coastal Reconnaissance) Flight RAF

Civil Operators

 * Japan Air Transport
 * Nippon Kokuyuso Kenkyujo
 * Imperial Airways
 * Imperial Airways
 * Imperial Airways