Luis Lanchero

Luis Lanchero, also known as Luis Lancheros (?, Castile - 1562, Tunja, New Kingdom of Granada) was a Spanish conquistador who is known as the founder of the town of Muzo, Boyacá, the most important emerald settlement of Colombia. This achievement came twenty years after many unsuccessful attempts to submit the Muzo to the Spanish rule. Lanchero arrived in the New World in 1533 and died impoverished in Tunja in 1562.

Biography
Luis Lanchero was born in Castile in a noble family. As a young man, he was employed in the guard of Spanish king Carlos V in which role he participated in the Sack of Rome in 1527. In 1533, searching for adventure, Lanchero left Europe for what later would become Venezuela in a conquest expedition led by Jerónimo Ortal, also spelled as Hortal. There, Luis Lanchero joined the expedition by Nikolaus Federmann towards the Colombian Andes, reaching the newly founded capital of the New Kingdom of Granada in 1538. He became encomendero of Susa.

When in 1539 Hernán Pérez de Quesada took over the governance of Bogotá from his elder brother and founder Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, he organised various expeditions in search of valuables and above all the quest for El Dorado. While not really satisfied with the presence of Luis Lanchero, he was sent towards the territories of the Muzo in western Boyacá in the first months of 1540. The expedition into Muzo territories was difficult because of the terrain and to fight the lack of food, some horses were slaughtered. After two unsuccessful attempts to submit the more than 10,000 bellicose Muzo, Lanchero marched through Panche territory in the south, the western portion of the current department of Cundinamarca back towards Bogotá.

In early 1559, fifteen years after the discovery of the rich emerald deposits by Diego Martínez, Lanchero returned to Muzo terrain and passed through Maripí to found Villa de la Santísima Trinidad de los Muzos, today known as Muzo, on February 20, 1559. On this expedition, Lanchero was accompanied by conquistador Pedro de Ursúa. Muzo was first unsuccessfully founded as Tudela. During the battles against the Muzo, Lanchero was hurt by an arrow in his chest. In 1560, Lanchero handed the reign of Muzo over to the encomenderos, leading to successive battles over the rich emerald grounds. On October 17, 1560, Lanchero also passed the control of Curipí to the encomienda. After Miguel Diez de Armendariz took control of the area, Lanchero lost all his possessions.

Luis Lanchero died in Tunja in 1562, leaving a wife and one daughter.