Wu Can

Wu Can (died 245), style name Kongxiu, was an official of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period.

Early life and service under Sun Ce
Wu Can was from Wucheng county (烏程縣), Wu commandery (吳郡), which is part of present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang. He was born sometime in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was still a child, a woman saw him and told his mother, "Your son will become a high-ranking government official in the future."

Around the 190s CE, Wu Can served as a minor officer under Sun He (孫河), the Chief (長) of Qu'e county (曲阿縣) and a relative of the warlord Sun Ce, who controlled Wu commandery and many territories in the Jiangdong region (southeastern China). Sun He felt that Wu Can was an extraordinary person. When Sun He was elevated to the status of a general and was allowed to set up his own office, he appointed Wu Can as the Assistant (丞) of Qu'e county and promoted the latter to a "Chief Clerk" (長史) later. Although he was of humble origin, Wu Can became known for being very competent in his duties and his fame was on par with other officials who were also from Wu commandery, such as Lu Xun and Bu Jing (卜靜). Sun Ce died in 200 CE and was succeeded by his younger brother, Sun Quan, who maintained control over the Jiangdong lands.

Service under Sun Quan
In 209, after Sun Quan received the nominal appointment of "General of Chariots and Cavalry" (車騎將軍) from the Han imperial court, he named Wu Can as his Registrar (主簿). Wu Can was later given greater responsibilities, serving as the "Prefect of Shanyin" (山陰令) and as a "Colonel Who Advises the Army" (參軍校尉).

Battle of Dongkou
In 222, Wu Can participated in the Battle of Dongkou against Eastern Wu's rival state, Cao Wei. He accompanied the Wu generals Lü Fan, He Qi and others to resist the Wei forces commanded by Cao Xiu. There was stormy weather at the time so the Wu ships became separated from each other when the connecting ropes broke. Some of the ships drifted towards the Wei base and ended up being captured by the enemy while others capsized and threw their sailors overboard. Wu Can and another officer, Huang Yuan (黃淵), were on one of the larger ships which managed to prevail in the storm. The sailors on the ship refused to allow the survivors in the water on board because they feared that their ship would sink due to overloading, so they brandished their weapons at the survivors who were attempting to climb on board. However, Wu Can and Huang Yuan gave orders to their men to save as many survivors as possible. When the men were reluctant to follow orders due to fear of overloading, Wu Can said, "If the ship sinks, we'll all die together! We shouldn't abandon those who are in need of help." Through their efforts, Wu Can and Huang Yuan succeeded in rescuing more than 100 survivors.

Later career
After the Battle of Dongkou, Wu Can was appointed as the Administrator (太守) of Kuaiji commandery (會稽郡). He wanted to recruit a reclusive hermit called Xie Tan (謝譚) to serve in the Wu government but Xie refused, claiming that he was ill. Wu Can remarked, "The Dragon displays its divine power through its movements; the Phoenix proves its worth through its cries. Why should one remain hidden in the far reaches of the sky or remain submerged in the depths of the sea?" In 229, Sun Quan declared himself 'Emperor' and officially established the state of Eastern Wu. Throughout the remaining years of his career, Wu Can held the following offices consecutively: "General of the Household of Illustrious Righteousness" (昭義中郎將), "Colonel of a Cavalry Garrison" (屯騎校尉), "Minister Steward" (少府) and "Crown Prince's Tutor" (太子太傅). He also joined the Wu general Lü Dai in attacking Shanyue rebel forces.

Downfall and death
In the 240s, a power struggle broke out between Sun Quan's sons Sun He (the Crown Prince) and Sun Ba (the Prince of Lu), with both of them fighting for the succession to their father's throne. Wu Can sided with and spoke up for Sun He, whom he regarded as the legitimate heir apparent. He attempted to persuade Sun Quan to have Sun Ba relocated away from the capital Jianye (建業; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) to Xiakou (夏口; in present-day Wuhan, Hubei) and have Yang Zhu (楊笁; a minister who supported Sun Ba) moved out of Jianye. Wu Can also maintained close contact with the senior general Lu Xun, who was stationed in Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei). Both Wu Can and Lu Xun vehemently objected to Sun Quan's idea of deposing Sun He and replacing him with Sun Ba, and constantly wrote memorials to Sun Quan to dissuade him from doing so. After being slandered by Sun Ba and his supporters, Wu Can lost his official post, was thrown into prison and subsequently executed.