Type 99 88 mm AA gun

The Type 99 88 mm AA gun (九九式八糎高射砲) was an anti-aircraft gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The Type 99's number was designated for the year the gun was accepted, 2599 in the Japanese imperial year calendar (1939 in the Gregorian calendar).

History and development
During the Battle of Nanjing in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese forces captured a number of German-made SK C/30 anti-aircraft guns from the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China. These weapons were originally naval anti-aircraft weapons for the German Navy, and should not be confused with the more famous FlaK 88 mm anti-aircraft gun.

Quickly realizing the superiority of this design in terms of range and firepower over the domestic Type 88 75 mm AA gun, the Japanese Army Technical Bureau quickly reverse engineered it, and placed it into production. Approximately 1000 units were built.

Design
The Type 99 88 mm AA gun had a single piece gun barrel with sliding breech and vertical sliding breech block. The firing platform was supported by five legs, each of which (along with the central pedestal) had adjustable screwed foot for leveling. The gun barrel could easily be removed from the breech end-piece, and the entire assembly could be broken down into six separate assemblies for ease of transportation. It fired a 9 kg high explosive projectile to an effective altitude of 10420 m. Armor-piercing shells were also developed for potential anti-tank use.

Projectiles
 * High-explosive –　9.0 kg
 * Incendiary – 9.5 kg
 * Armor-piercing – 10.0 kg

Combat record
The Type 99 88 mm AA gun was primarily deployed in defense of the Japanese home islands against Allied air raids and against the perceived threat of Allied invasion.