Fort Custer Training Center

Fort Custer Training Center, often known simply as Fort Custer, is a federally owned and state-operated Michigan Army National Guard training facility, but is also used by other branches of the armed forces and armed forces from Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. It is one of the most heavily used Midwest training facilities, and is used mainly for company level small arms and maintenance training. The 20th Century Tactical Studies Group (based in the US Midwest), holds two battles there every year.

Fort Custer occupies land in both Kalamazoo County, Michigan to the west and Calhoun County, Michigan to the east. Most Fort facilities are located north or south of M-96 about west of Battle Creek, Michigan in Calhoun County, and  east of Augusta, Michigan in Kalamazoo County. This locates the Fort about 14 mi north and east of the town of Kalamazoo, Michigan, and mostly south of M-96, and divided east–west by the Kalamazoo and Calhoun county line that runs north and south.

The current Fort Custer Training Center is located south of M-96 & mostly east of the county line at 2501 26th Street, Battle Creek, Calhoun county, MI 49037. The Battle Creek VA Medical Center is located north of M-96 in NW Calhoun County at 5500 Armstrong Rd, Battle Creek, Calhoun county, MI 49037. Fort Custer National Cemetery is located north of M-96 in Kalamazoo County about 2 miles east of Augusta, Michigan, at 15501 Dickman Rd, Augusta, MI Fort Custer Recreation Area is located well south of M-96 in Kalamazoo County at 5163 Fort Custer Dr, Augusta, Kalamazoo county, MI 49012.

History
Camp Custer was built in 1917 for military training during World War I. Named after Civil War cavalry officer General George Armstrong Custer, the facility trained or demobilized more than 100,000 troops during World War I.

In the years following World War I, the camp was used to train the Officer Reserve Corps and the Civilian Conservation Corps.

World War II
On August 17, 1940, Camp Custer was designated Fort Custer and became a permanent military training base. During World War II, the post had an area of 16,005 Acres, and Quarters for 1,279 Officers and 27,553 Enlisted Personnel. More than 300,000 troops trained there, including the 5th Infantry Division (also known as the "Red Diamond Division") which was sent to Iceland in 1942 to protect the North Atlantic convoy routes, and in 1944 landed in France shortly after D-Day. The division saw much combat and sustained heavy casualties, particularly at the Battle of Metz. In 1943, Fort Custer was the activation point for many Army inductees from Chicago, Illinois and other parts of the midwest. New troops received their equipment before being sent by train to Basic Training or other duty assignments. Fort Custer also served as a prisoner of war camp for 5,000 German soldiers until 1945. It was also an Army hospital receiving casualties from Europe. The primary purpose of the camp was to function as a Military Police Replacement Training Center.

Cold War
Fort Custer became home to units of the Navy Reserve in 1949 and to a Marine Corps Reserve Tactical Bridge Company in 1952. Also during that time, approximately 17,000 troops were trained for the Korean War and Fort Custer served as an induction center for draftees. Beginning in 1959, Fort Custer served for a decade as part of the North American Air Defense system. In 1968, the state of Michigan took over operation of the base although it remains federally owned.

Current uses
Fort Custer's facilities are used by the Michigan National Guard and other branches of the armed forces (including ROTC students), primarily from Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. The 177th Regiment, Regional Training Institute, Augusta Armory and the Regional Maintenance Training Site are based at Fort Custer. Additionally FBI, the Michigan State Police, and other law enforcement agencies have used the area.

Fort Custer offers a distance learning center, barracks and dining facilities for visiting units, and plenty of training areas. The small arms ranges are recently upgraded and the maneuver training areas offer a variety of terrain.

ROTC cadets use Fort Custer for their bi-annual CFTXs (Combined Field Training Exercises). These exercises consist of day and night land navigation, and Situational Tactical Exercise (STX)lanes. Cadets are placed into squads with other cadets from different schools, and graded on their performances.



Non-military uses
Established during World War I and greatly expanded during World War II, the base reached a size of over 14,000 acres (57 km2). After the wars the size of the base was reduced. In 1923, 675 acre were transferred for the Battle Creek Veterans Affairs hospital. The extensive grounds included a 200 acre working farm for vocational therapy

The 3000 acre Fort Custer Recreation Area is a state park adjoining the Fort, donated from base land in 1971. It includes 22 mi of hiking trails, 20 mi of mountain bike trails and 16 mi of bridle trails. There is cross-country skiing in the winter. Mini cabins and rustic cabins are available for rent. The park is just east of Augusta on M-96.

Battle Creek Unlimited built Fort Custer industrial park containing over ninety businesses which provide over 8,000 jobs. It was developed on base land in the 1970s and lies between the Fort Custer Military Reserve and W. K. Kellogg Airport (civilian and Air National Guard). Goods produced include shopping carts, noodles, fiber optic traffic signals, automotive parts, water purification pumps, and instruments for microscopic study of surgical specimens. An master plan was developed and implemented. "The charge to retain, develop and attract employers led to resounding success in Fort Custer Industrial Park, at 3,000 acres the largest modern industrial park in Michigan."

The 770 acre Fort Custer National Cemetery lies on land from Fort Custer and from the VA Medical Center. The United States Department of Veterans Affairs indicates that as of September 30, 1999 the cemetery had 11,955 total burials. During FY 1999 (Oct 98-Sept 99) there were 1,112 burials. The VA estimates Fort Custer National Cemetery has sufficient space to continue providing full casket gravesites beyond the year 2030.