Mobile Brigade (Indonesia)

Brigade Mobil (Mobile Brigade) is one of the oldest Indonesian National Police special operations force units.

History
Formed in late 1945, a special corps namely 'Pasukan Polisi Istimewa' (Special Police Corps) was formed with the assigned tasks of disarming remnants of the Japanese Imperial Army and protecting the chief of state and the capital city. Under the Japanese it was called Tokubetsu Keisatsutai（特別警察隊）. It fought in the revolution - becoming the first military union pioneering the fight in the Battle of Surabaya under the command of Inspektur Polisi I Moehammad Jasin.

14 November 1946, Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir dismissed the Polisi Istimewa with the Mobile Brigade (Mobrig), this day is celebrated as the anniversary of this Blue Barret Corps. This Corps is formed to suppress Military and Police Conflicts and even Coup d'État.

On 1 December 1947 Mobrig was militarized. With this Mobrig took part to encounter various conflicts and confrontations like the PKI Rebellion in Madiun, DI Rebellion (1947), APRA Rebellion and RMS Proclamation (1950), PRRI People Rebellion (1953), and Permesta (1958).

Since 14 November 1961, the Mobrig changed name into Korps Brigade Mobil (Brimob), and its troops took part in the military confrontation with Malaysia in the early 1960s and in the conflict in East Timor in the mid-1970s. Since then Brimob's command was placed under the supervision of the Police (Polri)

In 1981 the Mobile Brigade spawned a new unit called the Jihandak (Penjinak Bahan Peledak) or the Explosive Ordnance Devices Unit.

Organisations
In 1992 the Mobile Brigade was essentially a paramilitary organization trained and organized along military lines. It had a strength of about 12,000. The brigade was used primarily as an elite corps for emergencies, aiding in police operations that required units to take quick action. The unit was employed in domestic security and defense operations and was issued special riot-control equipment. They were trained to deal with mass demonstrations. Since the May 1998 upheaval, PHH (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hara, Anti Riot Unit) have received special anti-riot training. Elements of the force were also trained for airborne and SAR operations.

GEGANA
Gegana is the Indonesian Police special response unit. This unit was formed in 1976 as a detachment. At first, it meant to deal with airplane hijacking. Later in 1995, with the expansion of Brimob, the Gegana Detachment was expanded to become 2nd Regiment BRIMOB. Its duties are anti-terror, dealing with armed criminals, close protection, search and rescue (SAR), and explosive disposal operations in urban settings. In general, each Gegana member is capable of performing these duties. However, there are a select few who are very skilled in these special duties.

Gegana does not have Battalion or Company. The Regiment is broken down into several detachments. Within each detachment they are split into sub-detachments (sub-den), and within each sub-den they are further sub-divided into several units. Each unit usually consists of 10 personnel. One sub-den consists of 40 personnel, and one detachment consists of about 280 personnel.

One operation is usually assigned to one unit. Therefore, from the 10 people in that unit, six are required to have special skills: two for EOD (Explosives and Ordnance Disposal), two for SAR operations, and two for counter-terrorist operations. In any operation, two experts are designated Operators One and Two while the rest of the unit members become the Support Team.

For example, in counter-terrorist operations, the designated Operators must have sharp-shooting skills, ability to negotiate, and be an expert in storm-and-arrest procedures. These skills and operations are not meant to be lethal because the main goal of every Gegana operation is to arrest suspects and bring them to the court. Unless there is a situation that Gegana has to do otherwise, there will be no shooting.

In SAR operation, the personnel are required to have the basic capabilities of diving, rappelling, shooting, and first aid. In anti-bomb operation, the Operators have to be the expert in their respective fields. Each Gegana personnel has been introduced to various types of bombs in general, including the risks of handling them. There are specific procedures for handling each bomb, including the required timing.

Currently, Gegana has three Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) tactical vehicles. This number is far from sufficient because ideally each Gegana unit is supposed to have one. Other than three EOD vehicles at Gegana offices, there is one EOD vehicle in West Java Police Department (PD), Central Java PD, and East Java PD. So, overall there is only six EOD units available in Indonesia.

The Indonesian Police Chief has the highest command in each Gegana operation, executed by his Operation Assistant.

Detachment 88
Detachment 88 is the elite counter-terrorist unit of the Brimob.