Johnston Island Air Force Base

Johnston Island Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base on the Johnston Atoll in the United States Minor Outlying Islands, in the Pacific Ocean several hundred kilometers southwest of Hawaii. After its closure, it briefly operated as Johnston Atoll Airport, until its closure in 2005.

History
In 1935 personnel from the US Navy's Patrol Wing Two carried out some minor construction to develop the atoll for seaplane operation. They erected some buildings and a boat landing on Sand Island and blasted coral to clear a 3600 ft seaplane landing. In November 1939 further work was commenced on Sand Island by civilian contractors to allow the operation of one squadron of patrol planes with tender support. Part of the lagoon was dredged and the excavated material was used to make a plane parking area connected by a 2000 ft causeway to Sand Island. Three seaplane landings were cleared, one 11000 ft by 1000 ft and two cross-landings each 7000 ft by 800 ft and dredged to a depth of 8 ft. On Sand Island barracks were built for 400 men, a messhall, underground hospital, radio station, water tanks and a 100 ft steel control tower.

In February 1941 Johnston Atoll was designated as a Naval Defensive Sea Area and Airspace Reservation.

In September 1941 construction of an airfield on Johnston Island commenced. A 4000 ft by 500 ft runway was built together with two 400-man barracks, two messhalls, a cold-storage building, an underground hospital, a fresh-water plant, shop buildings and fuel storage. The base was complete by 7 December 1941.

World War II
On 15 December 1941 the atoll was shelled by a Japanese submarine outside the reef, several buildings were hit, but no personnel were injured.

In July 1942 the civilian contractors at the atoll were replaced by 500 men from the 5th and 10th Naval Construction Battalions, who expanded the fuel storage and water production at the base and built additional facilities. The 5th Battalion departed in January 1943. In December 1943 the 99th Naval Construction Battalion arrived at the atoll and proceeded to lengthen the runway to 6000 ft and add an additional 10 acres of parking to the seaplane base.

US Navy and Marine units based at Johnston included:


 * VB-102 operating PB4Y-1s from 28 February-22 April 1943
 * VB-104 operating PB4Y-1s from 11 April-14 August 1943
 * VB-142 operating PV-1s from 28 August-11 November 1943
 * VB-148 operating PV-2s from 7 June-16 August 1945
 * VP-11 operating PBY-5s from 30 April-1 July 1942
 * VP-13 operating PB2Y-3s from 1 March-19 November 1943
 * VP-23 operating PBY-5s from 7 December 1941 – 8 July 1942

Postwar
US Navy and Marine units based at Johnston included:


 * VP-4 operating SP-2Hs from 22 January to July 1966
 * VP-6 operating P2V-5FS in July 1962 in support of nuclear testing
 * VP-28 operating P2V-5FS from 17 April-7 July 1962 in support of nuclear testing
 * VPB-124 operating PB4Y-2s from 2 July 1945 – 22 May 1947