No. 601 Squadron RAF

No. 601 (County of London) Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, based in London. The squadron battle honours most notably include the Battle of Britain and the first Americans to fly in World War II were members of this squadron.

History
601 Squadron was formed at RAF Northolt on 14 October 1925 when a group of wealthy aristocratic young men, all of whom were amateur aviators, decided to form themselves into a Reserve Squadron of the RAF after a meeting in White's Club, London. The original officers were picked by the first commanding officer, Lord Edward Grosvenor, youngest son of Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster. Grosvenor tested potential recruits by plying them with alcohol to see if they would behave inappropriately. Grosvenor wanted officers "of sufficient presence not to be overawed by him and of sufficient means not to be excluded from his favourite pastimes, eating, drinking and Whites". The Squadron was initially known as "the millionaires squadron", a nametag gained because of a reputation for filling their ranks with the very 'well-heeled'. Most of these affluent young pilots had little regard for the rigid discipline of the regular service; they lined their uniform tunics with bright red silk and wore blue ties rather than the regulation black. They played polo on brand-new Brough Superior motor cycles, drove fast sports cars (the squadron car park was said to resemble a Concours d'Elegance) and most of the pilots owned their own private aircraft.

World War Two
The Squadron became a day fighter unit in 1940 and operated both the Hawker Hurricane and the Supermarine Spitfire. Aircrew attrition and transfers to other units war quickly took its toll on the pre-war personnel and as replacements were drafted in from all walks of life and all parts of the Commonwealth to cover casualties and promotions, the Squadron became as cosmopolitan as any other.

Postwar operations
The unit reformed in 1946 as a fighter squadron within the Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF), initially equipped with the Spitfire, followed by the jet powered De Havilland Vampire and the Gloster Meteor twin-jet. The squadron disbanded along with all other RAuxAF units during the defence cuts of early 1957.

Notable pilots

 * Sqn Ldr Roger Bushell – took part in the Great Escape
 * Sqn Ldr Gordon "Mouse" Cleaver DFC – Battle of Britain pilot whose accident aided the development of artificial optical lenses.
 * Flt Lt Carl Davis DFC – American who flew with 601 Sqn during the Battle of Britain
 * Plt Off "Billy" Fiske – American who flew with 601 Sqn during the Battle of Britain
 * Plt Off B P Legge DFC
 * Plt Off H C Mayers DSO DFC – Australian who flew with 601 Sqn during the Battle of Britain
 * Gp Cpt J A O'Neill
 * Fg Off W H Rhodes-Moorhouse DFC
 * Sqn Ldr "Jack" Riddle & Sqn Ldr Hugh Riddle – brothers and last surviving aircrew who flew with 601 Sqn during the Battle of Britain (both died 2009)
 * Sqn Ldr Stanislaw Skalski - Polish ace, the first Pole to command an RAF Squadron, and later Polish Air Force general
 * Air Cdre Whitney Straight CBE MC DFC
 * Plt Off R J W Stubbs OBE DSO DFC

For more pilots who flew with the Sqn during the Battle of Britain, see List of RAF aircrew in the Battle of Britain.

Commanding officers
Note: Sir Philip Sassoon was Member of Parliament during his Squadron Leadership of 601 Squadron.