USS Scourge (1812)

USS Scourge was an American warship converted from a confiscated Canadian merchant schooner. She foundered along with the American warship USS Hamilton (1812) during a squall on Lake Ontario at 2:00am on Sunday, August 8, 1813,. during the War of 1812.

Scourge began its career as the schooner Lord Nelson, named after the famous British Admiral Horatio Nelson. The schooner was built at Niagara-on-the-Lake in Upper Canada for merchant James Crooks and launched on May 1, 1811 as an unarmed merchant schooner to carry freight between Upper Canadian ports. Lord Nelson was illegally seized by the US Navy on 9 June 1812, almost two weeks before the War of 1812, on suspicion of smuggling. The schooner was on a voyage from Prescott, Upper Canada to Niagara, Upper Canada (then known as Newark) carrying freight and personal luggage when it was stopped and searched by Lt. Melancthon T. Woolsey in command of the American warship USS Oneida. Woolsey accused the Lord Nelson of smuggling American goods in violation of the Embargo Act of 1807, which forbid trading between the United States and British colonies. The schooner was taken to the US naval base at Sackets Harbor, New York. Although there was no proof of smuggling and the schooners owner James Crooks immediately went to Sackets Harbour to dispute the seizure, the onset of war prevented the return of his vessel.

The schooner was commissioned into the US Navy at Sackets Harbor, where it was renamed USS Scourge. For naval service it was armed with four 6-pounder cannons, four 4-pounder cannons and fitted with bulwarks. The schooner was placed in Captain Isaac Chauncey's squadron and patrolled Lake Ontario during the War of 1812.

Scourge and Hamilton sank during a sudden squall off Fourteen Mile Creek near present-day Hamilton, Ontario around 2:00 am on Sunday August 8, 1813. The sinkings took more than 80 men to their death. Scourge was under the command of Sailing Master Joseph Osgood. According to a Letter of August 1813 after both ships were lost sixteen survived. A survivor of the Scourge, Ned Myers, told his story to James Fenimore Cooper. According to Myers about eight men from the Scourge were saved, and about 42 were lost.

The site of the sunken ships was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1976. The Ontario Heritage Act was amended in 2005 to provide special protection to the shipwrecks of the Hamilton, the Scourge, and the SS Edmund Fitzgerald because of their historical and cultural significance and because they contain human remains.

After the war, the schooner's original owner James Crooks, resumed his claim for the schooner. On 11 July 1817, the Court of Northern District of New York, determined that the vessel had been seized illegally. Despite the court's decision, compensation to the Crooks family was not paid because the funds had been embezzled by the clerk of the court. Crook's descendants, persisted and finally won compensation for the schooner 97-years-later in 1914, thanks to the determination of Henry James Bethune. The award was $5000, plus 93 years of interest. Total compensation came to $23,644.38, reduced to $15,546.63 after deduction of legal expenses, and was paid by the United States government to the 25 descendents of James Crooks.

Crew list

 * Mr. Joseph Osgood - Sailing Master - lost in storm
 * Mr. Osgood's Steward - a mulatto - survived the storm
 * Mr. Bogardus - Master's mate - survived the storm
 * Unnamed ships pilot - survived the storm
 * William Deer - Boatswain - lost in storm
 * George Turnblatt - Gunner - lost in storm
 * Lemuel Bryant - survived the storm
 * Ebenezer Duffy - Ship's Cook - survived the storm
 * Tom Goldsmith - survived the storm
 * Simeon Grant - left the ship before the storm after losing a hand in an accident
 * James Lawson - Seaman - lost in storm
 * Leonard Lewis - survived the storm
 * Mr. Livingston - left the ship before the storm
 * Ned Myers - survived the storm
 * Philips - powder-boy - lost in storm
 * Bill Southard - lost in storm