SOM (missile)

SOM Cruise Missile is a high precision cruise missile, which can be launched from land, sea and air platforms developed by TÜBİTAK SAGE, Defence Research and Development Institute of Turkey. It was first revealed during the 100th anniversary celebrations of the Turkish Air Force at the Çiğli Air Base in İzmir, on 4 June 2011. Developed since 2006, the SOM cruise missile is Turkey's first domestic solution for destroying both stationary and moving targets at a stand-off distance of over 180 kilometers. Although being developed by TÜBİTAK SAGE which still holds authority over the design of the missile, Roketsan has been given the role of producing and marketing the missile for export.

Description
The SOM stand-off cruise missile is a family of launch and leave precision strike weapons against both land or sea targets. It uses GPS as its primary mode of guidance complemented by an advanced Inertial Navigation System and a radar-based Terrain Referenced Navigation system, allowing the missile to skim the terrain during its flight in order to evade local defence systems. According to the developer, it features advanced geometry and aerodynamics over similar missile systems, as well as lightweight composite components that minimize the radar cross-section of the missile. A terminal stage infrared imager detects the individual target by matching its signature with a pre-loaded database of similar targets allowing for precision strike. It can also be used to provide image-based midcourse navigation by taking snapshots of waypoints and comparing them against predicted position to update the navigation system. By this way, if GPS capability is denied or degraded, the missile can follow its waypoints using infrared based terrain updates. The missile includes a two-way datalink that makes possible to change the task in flight.

Basic design of the missile incorporates dedicated fuselage that fits in the internal bays of the Joint Strike Fighter.

It is intended to achieve high accuracy in striking military targets like command and control facilities, SAM sites, parked aircraft and surface ships.

Tests
According to the TUBITAK-SAGE officials, the initial demonstration flights of the prototypes were completed successfully. The missile made its first guided flight on 9 August 2011 over the Black Sea. Covering more than 100 nautical miles using GPS/INS guidance, the missile successfully hit its target with high accuracy. It is planned to assess the design aspects of the missile by conducting about 30 test flights. The delivery of a first batch of missiles to the Turkish Air Force will take place by the end of 2011, following more complicated live firing tests planned for the rest of the year.

Range
While initially the range of the missile was announced to be 100 nmi, debates arose in local press around the missile's real range after Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan unexpectedly set objectives for the development of a missile with a range of 2500 km at the plenary session of the High Science and Technology Council on December 28, 2011. Shortly after, head of the State Scientific Research Administration (TÜBİTAK) Yücel Altınbaşak informed that they set a task to develop the missile to 2500 km within 2 years. "The SOM missile is currently tested for 300 km range and successfully achieved 10 m precision goal, demonstrating around 5 m accuracy in live fires. We are planning to start 500 km range tests this year. Later the range will be extended to 1500 km and finally to 2500 km in 2014", he said.

Variants
TUBITAK-SAGE developed the missile in three variants with varying warheads and guidance/communication packages:
 * SOM A: Basic Air Force variant that is designed to engage a military target in simple strike mode by using the coordinates of the given target at the terminal stage.
 * SOM B1: Advanced Air Force variant that engages a military target in precision strike mode using imaging infrared matching at the terminal stage.
 * SOM B2: Special Air Force variant featuring a dual-stage penetrator warhead which is designed to engage strategic and well-protected assets in precision strike mode.


 * SOM B1 and B2 variants feature a data-link for man-in-the-loop update of a waypoint and terminal stage of the missile.

Integration with Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)
Certification efforts are in progress to enable the SOM missile for integration with both Turkish Air Force F-35 Lightning II and NATO allied F-35.

Due to its advanced design and performance the SOM cruise missile is also one of the two official candidate cruise missiles, besides the Joint Strike Missile developed by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Norway, to be integrated onto the F-35 Lightning II Block 4. On the 10th of May 2013, Lockheed Martin officially announced at the F-35 Industry Recognition Event during the IDEF tradeshow that the SOM missile will be certified and deployed on the F-35.

The SOM Missile is the first non-U.S. made weapon to use the Universal Armaments Interface (UAI). Accordingly, the SOM missile can be integrated onto any platform which uses UAI.

Operators

 * 🇹🇷: The SOM missile has been integrated for use on TAI produced Turkish Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcon (CCIP and Block 50) and Turkish Air Force operated F-4E 2020.