Mikhail Loris-Melikov

Count Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov (граф Михаил Тариелович Лорис-Меликов, Միքայել Լորիս-Մելիքով; მიხეილ ტარიელის ძე ლორის-მელიქიშვილი; January 1 1826 – December 22 1888) was a Russian-Armenian statesman, General of the Cavalry, and Adjutant General of H. I. M. Retinue.

The Princes of Lori - Loris-Melikovs are the representatives of an old noble family whose ancestors in the 14th century owned the town of Lori and the province of the same name. They belonged to the top aristocratic society of Georgia. In Russian nobility the princely family of the Loris-Melikovs (is translated from Georgian as “The Princes of Lori”) was approved in 1832.

Biography
The earliest known ancestors of Count Mikhail Loris-Melikov hail from the Armenian monarchic dynasty of Bagratids, whose blood line is linked to Zakharian prince, hereditary commanders of Georgian armies in the 12th and 13th centuries. He was born in Tiflis in 1825. Died in Nice in 1888. Loris-Melikov was the son of prince Zohrab Melikov and his wife princess Ekaterina Akhverdova.

Count Mikhail Tariel Loris-Melikov was an outstanding statesman of Russian Empire, General-Adjutant, Member of the State Council. Count (1878), General from Cavalry (1875), an honorable member of Academy of Science of Petersburg (1880). The leader of military actions in the Caucasus 1877-78. In 1880 the Head of the Supreme Administrative Commission. In 1861 the Head South Dagestan and Mayor of Derbent, 1863 the Head of Tersk region. In 1879 was sent to Kharkov where he was appointed as General-Gubernator of Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara and Kharkov and was granted with unlimited power. Due to his unique success which crowned his activities in Kharkov, after the explosion in Winter Palace in Feb. 12, 1880 is appointed as the head of the Administrative Commission and in fact become a dictator. On the 6th of August 1880 is appointed as the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Chief of the Gendarmes, in fact, it meant that he was the second after the Imperator in the Machinery of the State.

Early life
He was born in Tiflis, Georgia in 1826, and educated in St Petersburg, first at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, and afterwards at the Guards' Cadet Institute. He joined a hussar regiment, and four years afterwards (1847) he was sent to the Caucasus, where he remained for more than twenty years, and made for himself during troubled times the reputation of a distinguished cavalry officer and an able administrator. In the latter capacity, though a keen soldier, he aimed always at preparing the warlike and turbulent population committed to his charge for the transition from military to normal civil administration, and in this work his favorite instrument was the schoolmaster.

Military career
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, he commanded a separate corps d'armée on the Turkish frontier in Asia Minor. After taking the fortress of Ardahan, he was repulsed by Ahmed Muhtar Pasha at Zevin, but subsequently defeated his opponent at Ajaria, took Kars by storm, and laid siege to Erzerum. For these services he received the title of Count. He was awarded the Order of Saint George of the second degree on October 27, 1877 for his service in Ajaria.

Civil administrator
In the following year, Loris-Melikov became the temporary governor-general of the region of the Lower Volga to combat an outbreak of the plague. The measures he adopted proved so effectual that he was transferred to the provinces of Central Russia to combat the Nihilists and Anarchists, who had adopted a policy of terrorism, and had succeeded in assassinating the governor of Kharkov.

His success in this struggle led to his appointment as chief of the Supreme Administrative Commission which had been created in St Petersburg after the February 1880 assassination attempt on the Tsar to deal with the terrorist agitation in general. Here, as in the Caucasus, he showed a decided preference for the employment of ordinary legal methods rather than exceptional extralegal measures, even after an attempt on his own life soon afterwards. He believed that the best policy was to strike at the root of the evil by removing the causes of popular discontent and recommended to the emperor Alexander II a large scheme of administrative and economic reforms. Alexander, who was beginning to lose faith in the efficacy of the simple method of police repression hitherto employed, lent a willing ear to the suggestion. When the Supreme Commission was dissolved in August 1880, he appointed Count Loris-Melikov Minister of the Interior with exceptional powers.

The proposed scheme of reforms was at once taken in hand but was never carried out. On the very day (13 March 1881) that the emperor signed a ukase creating several commissions, composed of officials and eminent private individuals, to prepare reforms in various branches of the administration, he was assassinated by Nihilist conspirators; and his successor, Alexander III, at once adopted a strongly anti-reformist policy. When the new Tsar started to undo some of the reforms that his father, Alexander II had promulgated, Count Loris-Melikov resigned several months later and lived in retirement until his death at Nice on 22 December 1888.