German submarine U-965

German submarine U-965 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 5 June 1941, and was laid down on 4 May 1942 at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, as yard number 165. She was launched on 14 January 1943 and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Klaus Ohling on 25 February 1943.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-965 had a displacement of 769 t when at the surface and 871 t while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m, a pressure hull length of 50.50 m, a beam of 6.20 m, a height of 9.60 m, and a draught of 4.74 m. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2800 to 3200 PS for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 PS for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 m.

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 kn and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 kn. When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nmi at 4 kn; when surfaced, she could travel 8500 nmi at 10 kn. U-965 was fitted with five 53.3 cm torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA mines, one 8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between 44 — 52 men.

Service history
U-965 had a recorded three attacks on her and one lost crewmember, but she actually came under four attacks, the fourth sinking her.

On 6 February 1944, one day after leaving Narvik, Leutnant zur See Gustav-Günther Schoop, the I.WO (1st Watch Officer), fell overboard and drowned.

On 17 May 1944, four days out of Bergen, U-965 developed serious technical problems and was forced to return to base. U-965 encountered an enemy submarine four hours after turning back for base. The enemy submarine fired a spread of torpedoes, which all missed.

U-965 was on her second war patrol when at 13:05 hrs, on 20 July 1944, she came under attack in the Norwegian Sea by a British B-24 Liberator of 59 Squadron/N RAF piloted by F/O D.A. Willows, after locating her on radar. The B-24 passed U-965 two miles astern trying to come in on a favorable approach on her starboard beam. As the Liberator approached U-965's 37mm AA gun jammed on the first round and the bomber was able to hit both men, with machine gun fire, manning the twin 20mm AA gun on the port side. However, the lock-select lever on the B-24 had not been fully engaged which caused the depth charges to not release over U-965's stern as intended. U-965 was then able to dive and escape the seven depth charges that the Liberator dropped about 40 seconds after she dived. The Liberator didn't return for about 90 minutes after the bombing run and when she did her crew reported seeing two small oil streaks, an oval life raft and a couple pieces of wood. Unknown to the crew of the bomber U-965 was undamaged and she remained submerged until the bomber left.

On 22 August 1944, U-965 came under attack by two RAF Martlets, either in, or close to, Hammerfest. Eight crewmen were wounded with three crewmen killed.

U-965 was sunk on 30 March 1945, by depth charges, in the North Minch in the North Atlantic, by the British frigates HMS Rupert (K561) and HMS Conn (K509). All 51 of her crew were lost.

The wreck is located at 39.6°N, -9.08333°W.

Wolfpacks
U-921 took part in eight wolfpacks, namely.
 * Isegim (5 — 27 January 1944)
 * Werewolf (27 January — 2 February 1944)
 * Trutz (23 June 1944 — 10 July 1944)
 * Schwefel (22 — 23 September 1944)
 * Zorn (28 September 1944 — 1 October 1944)
 * Grimm (1 — 2 October 1944)
 * Panther (16 — 22 October 1944)
 * Panther (24 October — 10 November 1944)
 * Stier (25 November 1944 — 19 December 1944)