Fortaleza de São João (Rio de Janeiro)

The Fortaleza de São João da Barra do Rio de Janeiro, popularly known as the Fortaleza de São João or Forte (de) São João (Fort of St. John), is a 16th-century star fort in the present-day Urca neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, erected by Estácio de Sá to protect Guanabara Bay from French invasion.

History
The original fort was built in 1565 under Sebastian of Portugal. An expanded and improved structure was put into service in 1618, consisting of four batteries (São José, São Martinho, São Teodósio, and São Diogo). Its armaments were greatly reduced, and not manned, during Brazil's Regency period, but Dom Pedro II ordered the fort completely renovated in 1872, and it was equipped with a complement of guns, bunkers, and batteries, including fifteen Whitworth cannons. It was manned as a coastal artillery installation until 1991.

In 1930, the Brazilian Army's Centro Militar de Educação Física (created in 1922) was transferred to the Fortaleza de São João. This establishment was renamed pt in 1933 and continues to be based at the Fortaleza de São João, together with the directorate to which it is subordinated, the pt, since the latter's creation in 2002.