Smith & Wesson Centennial

S&W Centennial is a family of revolvers made by Smith & Wesson on the "J-Frame". Depending upon caliber, the cylinder holds either 5 (9mm, .38 spl, .357 magnum), 6 (.32 magnum), 7 (.22 magnum), or 8 (.22 LR), cartridges. Centennial's feature a fully enclosed (internal) hammer, which makes them Double Action Only (DAO) firearms. Like nearly all other "J-frame" Smith & Wesson revolvers, they have a swing-out cylinder. Centennial models have been made in different versions like PD "Personal Defense", LS "Lady Smith", and M&P "Military & Police"

History
The original Centennial model was introduced in 1952, and was named for the company's 100th anniversary.

Model 40 and 42
The Model 40 originally came out in 1952 as the Centennial and was changed to the Model 40 in 1957. The Model 40 is chambered in .38 special and has a five-round capacity. It is a snub-nose revolver with a 1 7/8-inch barrel. It is built on Smith & Wesson's J-frame and weighs 21 oz. empty. The revolver was made with a grip safety as some shooters could not get used to the idea of firing a revolver without cocking the hammer. Smith and Wesson reintroduced this model in 2007 as a collector's piece with some models featuring a case hardened finish by Doug Turnbull.

The Model 42 came out in 1952 as the Airweight Centennial but was changed in 1957 to the Model 42. The gun was the same design as the Model 40 except it was made of an alloyed steel, resulting in a lower weight than the Model 40. The Model 42 was discontinued in 1974.

Model 640


The Model 640 revolver has been in production since 1990 and was chambered for .38 Special. It was fitted with a standard barrel of 1-7/8 inch length. The second model had a slightly heavier and longer barrel of 2-1/8 inch length. A 3" barreled version was offered until 1993, when it was dropped from production. In 1996 S&W began chambering the 640 in .357 Magnum.  Because of the power of the .357 magnum cartridge, the frame is strengthened just in front of the cylinder release on those models.

Model 442 and 642
The 442 has an aluminum frame and blued carbon steel cylinder. The 642 has an aluminum frame and stainless steel cylinder.

Model 940
In 1993 S&W introduced the Model 940, similar in appearance to the 640, but chambered in 9mm Luger. In 1996 the 940 was dropped from production.

Model 340 and 342
In 2001 a Scandium framed version was introduced in .357 Magnum designated as the Model 340. This revolver weighs 10.9 ounces. The model M&P 342 was introduced in 2001 as a special run of revolvers that are identical to a Model 340 but chambered only for .38 Special +P due to some police departments ammunition restrictions.

Design limitations (Scandium Versions)
There is a prohibition against using ammunition with bullet weight less than 120 gr due to the risk of frame erosion from powder that is still burning after too rapid exit of the light projectile. Another warning in the owner's manual is that recoil may pull the cases of unfired rounds in the cylinder rearward with enough force to unseat the bullets causing the cylinder to jam. It has been said that accuracy is compromised in these types of ultra-light revolvers since the barrel is a steel sleeve liner rather than a single solid piece of steel.

The light weight metals that make it ideal for concealed carry also mean that there is very little mass to absorb recoil. the effect is that the guns tend to kick back much more savagely in the shooter's hand than more heavy calibered guns made of normal materials such as Smith & Wesson's .357 Magnum. This affects accuracy and means the shooter takes longer to bring the weapon back on line for a 2nd shot.