Waiouru Military Camp

Waiouru Military Camp is a camp of the New Zealand Army in the central North Island near Waiouru.

Waiouru is often referred to by soldiers as the home of the army as it houses the army marae and is the base where all New Zealand Army soldiers complete their initial basic training called All Arms Recruit Course (AARC). The Marae (which is located inside the camp housing area) is also the home of Ngati Tumatauenga, literally translated this means 'the people of the God of War' and is the tribe that all NZ Army personnel are inducted into on joining.

The military camp
When the Government needed a training area in the North Island for its Territorial Forces in the 1930s, the Waiouru sheep station was ideal, with vast areas of cheap open land, and with ready road and rail access to all the North Island coastline.

Artillerymen were the first soldiers to use Waiouru. In 1937 Waiouru farmhand Cedric Arthur wrote:
 * The Military (artillery) Camp is here again for its annual big shoot, so Waiouru is exceedingly busy with huge lorries, tractors, guns and horses, not to mention soldiers galore.... It has been rumoured around here that the Minister of Defence has bought 15 miles of Waiouru to make a permanent Camp here. (Arthur 1984)

The rumour was correct. A month after the declaration of World War II in 1939, most of the leasehold Waiouru run was taken back by the Crown.

Wartime camp
At the beginning of the winter of 1940, 800 construction workers from the Ministry of Works laboured 20 hours a day building a camp for training 7000 Territorials at a time. Within six weeks 25,000 tons of building materials arrived at Waiouru Railway Station. 450,000 tonnes of earth was shifted to make a flat area for the camp.

While this was still going on, hundreds of soldiers camped under canvas in the snow and completed extensive field training.

By Christmas 1940, there were 230 buildings erected, served by 20 km of streets, and 8 km each of water mains, power lines and sewers.

By mid-1941, seven regimental camps housed 7000 soldiers. There was a bakery, a hospital, two film theatres and five "institutes", each with a concert hall, library, writing room and tearooms. But there were no bars: the boys had to go to Taihape to get a beer.

In August 1941, it was decided to establish an Armoured Fighting Vehicle School and also a Command and Staff School at Waiouru.

By the end of the war, £1.2 million (NZ$2.4 million) had been spent on developing the camp, and 340 km² had been acquired for training.

Postwar
By 1949 an urgent need arose for much more land. The track across the desert through the middle of the artillery range was going to be upgraded into a major State Highway, and a line of high-voltage power pylons was planned for up the Moawhango valley.

The Army Schools at Trentham were to be transferred to Waiouru; Compulsory Military Training was about to commence; and with defence responsibilities shifting to South-East Asia, the Army needed forests for jungle warfare training.

All these pressures eventually resulted in another 250 km² of land to the north and east being acquired. And in 1955, the 1st NZSAS Squadron started jungle training in some of this newly acquired land, in Paradise Valley.

Waiouru's busiest years
Compulsory military training was carried out at Waiouru from 1950 to 1958, and balloted national service from 1962 to 1972.

In 1978, the National Army Museum opened at Waiouru, and in 1985 the Officer Cadet School of New Zealand.

These were Waiouru's busiest years. There were 100 recreational clubs active in the 1970s and 80s, with 300 members in the Ski Club alone. Waiouru had a population of 6000 people, including 600 children.

Declining use
In the 1980s some training was discontinued, and some army units began to be transferred to Linton. By 1990 Waiouru’s permanent population had fallen to about 3000. However several hundred additional service personnel were in Waiouru on courses at any given time. In 1991 nearly three thousand soldiers were trained in Waiouru on 275 courses.

With the reorganisation of armoured force personnel in 2005, and their departure from ATG, Waiouru’s population dropped to about 2000. But with its central location, and 600 km² of varied landforms, it was still a much-used training area. The 1400 beds in the barracks were frequently full, with others using the satellite camps or sleeping in the field.

Waiouru continues to be the base for TAD (The Army Depot) and is the integral training base for the New Zealand Army. Most of the service people posted to Waiouru today are there to support training courses such as the All Arms Recruit Course (basic training).

Future
As for the Army's future at Waiouru, Major General Jerry Mateparae stated that Waiouru was a strong factor in defining the Army, and the majority of courses, especially the more challenging ones, are run there. The camp also houses the School of Military Intelligence and Security for the New Zealand Intelligence Corps.

The Singapore connection
As part of a memorandum of understanding signed between the Ministry of Defence (New Zealand) and the Ministry of Defence (Singapore) since 1985, the vast live-firing range of the camp had been used by the Singapore Army for the test firing of their 155 mm howitzer guns — such as the FH-88, FH-2000, SLWH Pegasus and the SSPH Primus. On several occasions, Waiouru army camp also played host to the visiting Singapore Army's artillery battalion during bi-lateral military training exercises.

Incident
On 9 March 1997, a 155 mm artillery round exploded in the barrel of a FH-2000 gun howitzer during a live firing exercise conducted by the 23rd Battalion, Singapore Artillery, of the Singapore Army at the artillery range of Waiouru Army Camp. This resulted in the death of two full-time national servicemen of the battalion; Third Sergeant Ronnie Tan Han Chong and Lance Corporal Low Yin Tit. In addition, 12 other servicemen were injured in the incident, including a Staff Sergeant from New Zealand Army, who was part of a group of New Zealand Defence Force liaison officer/observer to the visiting SAF battalion.

The explosion was attributed to a defective fuze. The loading force of the round was found to be a contributing factor.

Royal New Zealand Navy
The Royal New Zealand Navy's Waiouru Wireless Telegraph Station was commissioned in July 1943 and at the peak period of the war had an establishment of about 150 personnel, of whom more than eighty were women. Tens of thousands of code groups were handled each day, mostly for the British Pacific Fleet in Japanese waters. A dozen or more circuits were manned simultaneously, and teleprinter land lines fed the signals to the Navy Office. In 1951 it was designated HMNZS Irirangi (Maori for radio waves). It is now manned only by a small contingent of naval maintenance staff.

Waiouru Airfield
From World War II until 2001, the Royal New Zealand Air Force used the Army's artillery target areas in the Rangipo Desert and east of the Moawhango River as bombing and rocket ranges. The RNZAF continues to maintain Jameson Field inside the camp for its helicopters, and it also practices landing its Hercules aircraft on the sealed Waiouru Airfield (ICAO Code NZRU) to the west of the camp.