S-400 (SAM)

The S-400 Triumf (C-400 «Триумф»; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as S-300PMU-3, is a new generation anti-aircraft weapon system developed by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It is currently in limited service with the Russian Armed Forces.

The S-400 uses three different missiles to cover its entire performance envelope. These are the extremely long range 40N6, long range 48N6 and medium range 9M96 missile. Each one has different capabilities.

Development
The development of the S-400 system began in the late 1990s. The system was formally announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1999. On 12 February 1999, the first tests were performed at Kapustin Yar in Astrakhan which were reported successful. As a result of this, the S-400 was scheduled for deployment in the Russian army in 2001.

In 2003 it first became apparent that the system was not ready for deployment, but in August two high-ranking military officials expressed concerns that the S-400 was being tested using 'obsolete' interceptors from the S-300P and concluded that it was not ready for production.

Finally the completion of the project was announced in February 2004. In April, a ballistic missile was successfully intercepted in a test of the upgraded 48N6DM interceptor missile.

Structure

 * Controls 30K6E:
 * command and control center 55K6E base on Ural-532301
 * panoramic radar detection 91N6E (range 600 km) have protection against jamming. Mounted on the MZKT-7930.
 * Anti-aircraft missile systems 98ZH6E (6 battalions) Consisting of:
 * Multi-function radar 92N2E (illumination distance of 400 km), the radar can operate in the formulation of active noise
 * 5P85TE2 launchers and / or 5P85SE2 on the trailer in conjunction with a tractor-trailer BAZ-64022 or on the MAZ-543M (up to 12 launchers.)
 * allowed by the decree of Russian President:48N6E, 48N6E2, 48N6E3, 48N6DM, 9M96E, 9M96E2 and ultra distance 40N6E.

Management tools 30К6Е are:

to control the work of fire means:

98ZH6E system "Triumph"; THE s-300pmu2 ; THE s-300pmu1; and al s-300pmu2 through administration system 83М6Е2, s-300pmu1 through administration system 83М6Е; The Tor-M1 through a battery command post "Rankings-M"; Pantsir-S through the leading machine or through command post "Pantsir-S"; Triumph kets - when carrying out additional works in information technology pairing administration system 30К6Е; reception of the route information from the radar:

additionally integrated radar complex 91Н6Е; Radar route type output input 96L6E, "Opponent-GE", "Gamma-DE". Option - integrated radar complex 91Н6Е; ensure interaction:

with senior command posts Russian production type "Baikal-E" and others; with neighbouring administration system 30К6Е, 83М6Е, 83М6Е2; with interacting command post type "Polyana-Д4М1"; with interacting command post fighter aircraft of the Russian production. For export supply in coordination with by foreign customer, with the purpose of integration in the system of defence from the customer shall be additional works on improvement of the administration system 30К6Е for information technology pairing with anti-kets.

base stats

 * Types target:

-aircraft of the strategic aviation on the b-1B, FB-111, B-52; -specialized electronic warfare planes of type EF-111A, EA-6; -reconnaissance aircraft type TR-1; -planes early warning E-3A, E-2C; -aircraft tactical aviation-type F-15, F-16, F-22; -aircraft produced on Stealth technology», B-2, F-117A; -strategic cruise missiles of the type «Tomahawk», other types of; -aeroballistic missiles of different variants; -intermediate-range ballistic missiles; -operational-tactical ballistic missiles.


 * maximum speed any purpose 4800 meters per second, the minimum is zero.

Missiles

 * The 40N6 very long range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 400 km. Active radar homing head. (expected in 2012)
 * The 48N6E3/48N6DM long range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 250 km. Semi-active radar homing head.
 * The 9M96E2 extended range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 120 km. It has the highest hit probability against fast, manoeuvrable targets such as fighter aircraft. Active radar homing head.
 * The 9M96E medium range missile.
 * The ABM capabilities are near the maximum allowed under the (now void) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
 * The new anti-ballistic missiles 77N6-N and 77N6-N1 to enter service in 2014 supposedly add inert/kinetic anti-ballistic capability to the system. The same missiles will also be used by the S-500, which has a clearly stated anti-ICBM role.

Deployment
A regular S-400 battalion consists of at least eight launchers with 32 missiles and a mobile command post. On May 21, 2007 the Russian Air Force announced that S-400 would be put on combat duty around Moscow and Central Russia by July 1, 2007. The S-400 was also deployed near the town of Elektrostal.

On August 6, 2007, the first regiment equipped with S-400 entered active service in Moscow Oblast' near the town of Elektrostal, according to Channel One Russia. This is the 606th Guards Anti-air Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command.

On February 8, 2008, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Sviridov announced that Russia will be replacing the S-300 systems in the Northwest of Russia with the more technologically advanced S-400. Russian military experts expect that Russia plans for this system to be in place and represent a major component of their ballistic missile defense system until 2020.

In September 2006 Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced a new state program of armaments for 2007–2015. This program provides for the purchase of 18 missile battalions of S-400's.

On March 17, 2009 Russia's defense minister announced that a second regiment equipped with advanced S-400 Triumf air defense missile systems has been put into combat service.

On August 26, 2009, the General Staff said S-400 systems had been deployed in the Russian Far East to counter possible North Korean missile tests and prevent fragments from falling on Russian territory.

In February 2011 a second unit of S-400 missile systems was deployed at Dubrovki, north of Moscow. The 210th Air Defence Regiment consists of two battalions, each consisting of eight launch points, each with four missiles. In February 2011, it was also announced that the missile system will be deployed in southern Kuril Islands "to protect Russia's sovereignty in the Far East".

The Baltic Fleet in Kaliningrad received S-400 SAM systems in February 2012 and these went into operational status in April 2012. One S-400 division is deployed on combat duty in the Russian far east city Nakhodka.

As of 2012, one system (in Electrostal) was operational, with three more S-400 battalions being deployed. All 56 battalions will be delivered by 2020. Russia is also setting up two regiments of S-400 in Eastern Military district.

As of September 2013, the Russian Army has five S-400 regiments: two in Moscow, one in the Pacific fleet, one in the Baltic Fleet, and one in the Southern Military District. Beginning in 2014, the army will receive two to three sets of regimental units of S-400 systems every year. Another S-400 regiment will be put on combat duty around Moscow by the end of 2013. Russia plans to have 28 S-400 regiments by 2020, each comprising two or three battalions with four systems each, mainly in maritime and border areas.

Foreign interest
On August 23, 2007 RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Russia will not export the S-400 for the next few years.

During the 2009 International Defence Industry Fair in Istanbul Turkey expressed interest in buying the system.

Vice Chairman of Russia's State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky has urged the fast delivery of the S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems to Iran.

On August 24, 2009, RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Belarus had submitted a formal request for two battalions of S-400 systems.

In September 2009, it was reported that the S-400 system is part of a two billion dollar arms deal being negotiated between Russia and Saudi Arabia. As of March 2010, this was still under negotiation. The Saudis want to buy twelve systems, each of eight launchers. The Saudis were trying to buy the more modern S-400, but the Russians reportedly only wanted to sell the older S-300.

South Korea is developing a simplified version of the S-400 called M-SAM Cheolmae-2 with the help of Almaz. The prime contractor is Samsung Thales, a joint venture between Samsung and Thales. The M-SAM will be composed of an X band multi-function radar vehicle built by Samsung Thales in technical cooperation with Almaz, and fire-control vehicles and transporter erector launchers built by Doosan. LIG Nex1 will provide the missiles.

The Russian Ministry of Defence has stated that the S-400 is for the Russian Armed Forces only; it will not be exported.

Operators
Current:
 * 🇷🇺 – 72 units (9 battalions)
 * Moscow region
 * In Dmitrov 210th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment 2 battalions.
 * In Electrostal 606th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment 2 battalions.


 * 1 battalion in the Western Military District Kaliningrad.
 * 2 battalion in the Eastern Military District Nakhodka.
 * 2 battalion in the Southern Military District Novorossiysk.

Potential:
 * 🇪🇬 – Egypt has expressed its interest in buying S-400 systems
 * 🇰🇿 – started planning creation of a joint air defense system that helped Astana buy S-400 complexes from Moscow after 2015
 * 🇧🇾 – announced its intention to purchase S-400 systems in September, 2011
 * – Vietnam will buy 4-6 S-400 complexes after 2015 when Russia exports this system
 * 🇦🇲 – Armenia showed interest to Russian S-400 in 2011
 * 🇨🇳 – China has in the past shown interests in the S-400 systems
 * – has expressed its interest in buying 12 unit S-400 systems.
 * 🇹🇷 – has expressed interest in S-400 system instead of Russian offered S-300 system However, Turkey bought Chinese HQ-9, and the S-300PMU2 was first to be eliminated from the competition.
 * 🇷🇸 – Serbia has shown interest to buy S-400 system to upgrade Serbian Air Defence capabilities.
 * 🇷🇸 – Serbia has shown interest to buy S-400 system to upgrade Serbian Air Defence capabilities.