Al-Qasim ibn Harun al-Rashid

Al-Qasim ibn Harun al-Rashid was the third son of the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809), and for a time third-in-line to the Abbasid throne.

Biography
Qasim was Harun's third son, born to a slave concubine named Qasif. Sukaynah, Harun's eldest daughter, was also Qasim's full sister. In his youth, Qasim was placed under the tutorship of the influential general Abd al-Malik ibn Salih. Thanks to Abd al-Malik's influence with Harun, Qasim was named as third in line of succession in 802 or 803, shortly after the so-called "Meccan documents" which established the precedence in succession of his elder brothers Muhammad (the Caliph al-Amin, r. 809–813) and Abdallah (the Caliph al-Ma'mun, r. 813–833). On this occasion, Qasim also received the honorific epithet (laqab) al-Mu'tamin ("the Trusted"). However, Harun also stipulated that Abdallah could, once Caliph, alter the succession in favour of his own sons. In addition, Harun entrusted Qasim with the command over the Byzantine frontier provinces (the al-thughur wa-al-'awasim), with his seat at Manbij.

In this capacity, in July-August 803, Qasim led a raid into Byzantine Asia Minor. He besieged the strategic fortress of Koron, while his lieutenant al-'Abbas ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath was dispatched to besiege another fortress, known to the Arabs as Sinan. The Byzantines, however, offered to release 320 Muslim prisoners if he departed, and he agreed. In February 808, when Harun departed his residence Raqqa for his second expedition to Khurasan, he left Qasim behind as his deputy in Raqqa, with Khuzayma ibn Khazim as his aide. After Harun's death and the accession of al-Amin in 809, Qasim was confirmed in his position as governor of the al-'awasim and of Qinnasrin, but was apparently removed from his governorship of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), where Khuzayma ibn Khazim was appointed instead. In 810, however, Qasim was removed from all his governorships in favour of Khuzayma, and brought to live under close supervision in Baghdad. Amin shortly after forbade his mention in the prayers, along with Abdallah al-Ma'mun, who had risen in near-revolt in Khurasan. In the civil war that followed, Ma'mun was triumphant, defeating and killing his brother Amin in 813. Immediately after, Qasim was formally deposed from his position as successor.