Cessna 195



The Cessna 190 and 195 Businessliner are a family of light single radial engine powered, conventional landing gear equipped, general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954.

The 195 model was also used by the United States Air Force, Air National Guard and Army as a light transport and utility aircraft under the designation LC-126.

Development
The Cessna 190 and 195 were Cessna's only postwar radial-engined aircraft. The first prototype flew in 1945, after the end of World War II and both the 190 and 195 entered production in 1947.

The 195 was the first Cessna airplane to be completely constructed of aluminum and features a cantilever wing, similar to the pre-war Cessna 165 from which it is derived. The wing planform differs from later Cessna light aircraft in that it has a straight taper from root chord to tip chord and no dihedral. The airfoil employed is a NACA 2412, the same as used on the later Cessna 150, 172 and 182.

The 190/195 fuselages are large in comparison to other Cessna models because the 42" diameter radial engine had to be accommodated upfront. There are two rows of seats: two individual seats in the first row, with a comfortable space between them and up to three passengers can be accommodated on a bench seat in the second row.

The 190/195 has flat sprung-steel landing gear derived from Cessna's purchase of the rights to Steve Wittman's Big X. Many have been equipped with swiveling cross-wind landing gear which allows landing with up to 15 degrees of crab. While the crosswind gear simplifies the actual landing, it makes the aircraft difficult to handle on the ground. The 195 is equipped with a retractable step that extends when the cabin door is opened, although some have been modified to make the step a fixed unit.

The aircraft was expensive to purchase and operate for private use and Cessna therefore marketed them as mainly as a business aircraft under the name "Businessliner".

The engines fitted to the 190 and 195 became well known for their oil consumption. The aircraft has a 5 USgal oil tank, with 2 USgal the minimum for flight. Typical oil consumption with steel cylinder barrels is 2 USqt per hour.

A factory-produced floatplane version was equipped with a triple tail for improved lateral stability. The tail resembles that of the Lockheed Constellation.

The Cessna 195 produces a cruise true airspeed of 148 kn (170 MPH) on a fuel consumption of 16 USgal per hour. It can accommodate 5 people.

Including the LC-126s, a total of 1180 190s and 195s were built.

The 190 was originally introduced at a price of USD$12,750 in 1947. When production ended the price had risen to USD$24,700 for the 195B. This compared to USD$3,495 for the Cessna 140 two seater of the same period.

LC-126
The LC-126 was the military version of the 300 hp Cessna 195 and could be fitted with skis or floats. 83 LC-126's were delivered, including:


 * USAF - Cessna LC-126 15
 * Air National Guard - Cessna LC-126 5
 * US Army - Cessna LC-126 63

Once made surplus the majority of LC-126s were sold as civil aircraft, once modified by a Cessna civil kit.

Operational history
The Cessna 190 and 195 are considered "one of the finest classics ever built" by pilots and collectors and are much sought after on the used aircraft market.

In August 2008 the number of 190s and 195s still registered in the USA were:


 * 108 Cessna 190
 * 282 Cessna 195
 * 157 Cessna 195A
 * 136 Cessna 195B

In August 2009 there were three Cessna 190s and 17 Cessna 195s registered in Canada.

Variants
The difference between the 190 and the 195 models was the engine installed.
 * 190
 * Powered by a Continental W670-23 engine of 240 hp (180 kW) and first certified on 1 July 1947.


 * 195
 * Powered by a Jacobs R-755-A2 engine of 300 hp (225 kW) and first certified on 12 June 1947.


 * 195A
 * Powered by a Jacobs L-4MB (R-755-9) engine of 245 hp (184 kW) and first certified on 6 January 1950.


 * 195B
 * Powered by a Jacobs R-755B2 engine of 275 hp (206 kW) and first certified on 31 March 1952. It featured flaps increased in area by 50% over earlier models.


 * LC-126A: Military version of the Cessna 195, five-seat communication aircraft for the US Air Force and US Army, it could be fitted with skis or floats.
 * LC-126C:
 * U-20A: LC-126A redesignated by the USAF after 1962.

Civil
The Cessna 190 and 195 have been popular with private individuals and companies, and have also been operating by some air charter companies and small feeder airlines.

Military

 * Air National Guard
 * United States Army
 * United States Air Force
 * United States Air Force