Battle of La Marfée

The Battle of La Marfée was a battle of the Thirty Years' War near Sedan, France on 6 July 1641, between the troops of Louis XIII under Marshall Gaspard III de Coligny and those of the Holy Roman Empire under Prince Louis de Bourbon, the Count of Soissons and Dreux & Duke Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon.

Causes
In 1640, the Principality of Sedan was an independent state, whose prince, Frédéric de la Tour d'Auvergne, welcomed French Protestants and other factions hostile to France and Cardinal Richelieu. He also took part in the "Princes de la paix" conspiracy with the comte de Soissons and Henri II de Guise, aiming to re-establish the privileges of the great feudal lords. Louis XIII sent an army to put an end to his schemes, and so Frédéric asked for help from his personal friend Ferdinand III, the Holy Roman Emperor, who duly sent it.

Course
Delayed by bad weather and muddy roads, the royal army did not arrive on the plateau until around 11 o'clock on 6 July, where the Sedanaise army was waiting. Battle commenced and the Sedanais withstood the first shock well. The Prince of Sedan, in personal command of the cavalry, bypassed the battlefield under the cover of the hills, and fell on the flank of the royal army. Thrown into utter disarray, Gaspard III's royal army abandoned its baggage. As early as noon, the battle was decided. The Prince comte of Soissons, was killed after the battle when one of his officers surrounding him fired a point blank shot into his helmet visor opening (3). This demonstrated the power of Cardinal Richelieu, who dared to assassinate a Prince of the blood of France and go against Pope Urban VIII.

Results
Despite this defeat, the royal army began to besiege Sedan, and Frédéric-Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne negotiated his submission to France by a treaty with Louis XIII (4 August), which also gave Frédéric command of the armée d'Italie. However, after getting involved in a new conspiracy in 1642, Frédéric's principality was annexed to France in exchange for sparing his life.