Bahram Aryana

Artesh-Boad (General) Bahram Aryana (1906, Tehran – 1985, Paris) was a philosopher of Zoroastrianism, Persian nationalist and humanist as well as a top Iranian military commander during the reign of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.

Born in March 17, 1906 in Tehran from a Georgian mother, whose ancestor was King Heraclius II, and from a Judge father, Bahram Aryana was educated in France at the Ecole Superieur de Guerre and received his PhD in 1955 from the Faculty of Law of Paris with his thesis "Napoleon et l'Orient" (published in 1957).

After the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941 during World War II, he went on with armed struggle and resisted the occupation before being arrested by the British forces. He was instrumental in many of the nationalist policies in the 1950-1960s During the military campaign of 1964-65 he successfully pacified rebellious tribes in the south of Iran (Pars, Isfahan and Khouzestan) stirred-up by ayatollah Rouholla Khomeini, without shedding blood.

Following his military success in the south, General Aryana was named Chief of Staff of the Shah's Army, position he maintained from 1965 to 1969. During his posting as Chief of Staff, he met with various head of states including Richard Nixon (who received him at the White House), Yitzhak Rabin (then the Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, who received him in Israel) and General de Gaulle (during his visit to Iran).

He founded Azadegan, a nationalist opposition group which had "developed a full command staff structure and support from all nationalist elements from the moderate left to the monarchists". while in exile in Paris, France.

Azadegan, meaning Born Free, was an anti-Khomeini movement which claimed as many as 12,000 followers in Iran, many of them in the armed forces. The daring seizing by Azadegans' officers of Tabarzin, an Iranian Navy's Combattante II class fast attack craft just built by France and en route to Iran while in the Mediterranean in August 198,1 attracted media attention to Azadegan and its members' armed resistance against the clerical regime of Iran.

He died in exile in Paris in June 1985 and is buried at the Montparnasse cemetery. General Aryana was a "Grand Officier" of the French Legion of Honour

His last published book, "Pour une Ethique Iranienne" was a call for unity against the obscurantist forces driving Khomeini and the mullahs' fundamentalist revolution.