Battle of Lahore (1752)

The Battle of Lahore is a military conflict which took place between the invading Ahmed Shah Abdali and Mir Mannu, the Mughal governor of Punjab in 1752. It took place at Lahore in current day Punjab province of Pakistan. After the Mughals were defeated, Abdali decided to retain Mannu as the city's governor; although he was employed on his side.

Conflict
Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded India seven times from 1748 to 1767. The frequency of his repeated invasions reflect the "tireless energy, ambition" and purpose of the "invader". Being poor as well as a "backward country", Afghanistan could not provide subsistence to its population or provide a financial support for running the government. So it was "necessary" of Abdali to invade a "rich but poorly defended neighbouring country" India for plundering and exploiting her resources. He also wanted to establish "political hegemony" in India. During his time, the Mughal empire was disintegrating and he was "eager to step into the shoes of the decadent Mughal authority" to fill up the "political vacuum without any loss of time".

In the winter of 1751, he invaded India for the third time on the pretext that Mir Mannu, the Mughal governor of the province of Punjab province had refused to give him tax which he had promised to give on a monthly basis. Abdali started the battle by successfully besieging Mannu in the Lahore Fort. Though he wrote to the Mughal emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur for help, he received no reinforcements from Delhi. Failing to put up a fight, he surrendered to the Afghan invader on 6 March 1752. After signing the instrument of surrender, Abdali's forces looted and plundered the city. On his orders, nine hundred Sikhs who were trapped in the fort of Ram Rauni were killed. But Abdali was impressed by the "heroic fight" put up by the Mughal governor; so he appointed him as the province's governor from his own behalf. Besides, Abdali also conferred him the title "Farzand Khan Bahadur Rustam-e-Hind".

Consequently, Mannu held a reception at Lahore in honour of Abdali. He also signed a peace treaty by the virtue of which the two territories of Punjab – Multan and Lahore were to be ceded to Abdali's Afghan empire. Once the treaty was signed, Abdali sent his troops to Multan to take possession of the city as well as sent some of his men to Delhi to confirm the treaty with the Mughal emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. Bahadur with the advise from the royal advisor Javed Khan put his seal on the treaty on 3 April, which cut Punjab from the Mughal empire. However, at that time, the wazir of Delhi Safdar Jang was in Awadh to suppress a rebellion. He returned at the end of the month with fresh recruits to confront Abdali, but came to know about the treaty and retreated.