Goliath tracked mine



The Goliath tracked mine - complete German name: Leichter Ladungsträger Goliath (Sd.Kfz. 302/303a/303b) - was a remote controlled German-engineered demolition vehicle, also known as the beetle tank to the Allies.

Employed by the Wehrmacht during World War II, this caterpillar-tracked vehicle was approximately 4 ft long, 2 ft wide, and 1 ft tall. It carried 75 - 100 kg of high explosives and was intended to be used for multiple purposes, such as destroying tanks, disrupting dense infantry formations, and demolition of buildings and bridges.

Development and use
In late 1940, after recovering the prototype of a miniature tracked vehicle developed by the French vehicle designer Adolphe Kégresse near the Seine, the Wehrmacht's ordnance office directed the Carl F.W. Borgward automotive company of Bremen, Germany to develop a similar vehicle for the purpose of carrying a minimum of 50 kg of explosives. The result was the SdKfz. 302 (Sonderkraftfahrzeug, ‘special-purpose vehicle’), called the Leichter Ladungsträger (‘light charge carrier’), or Goliath, which carried 60 kg of explosives. The vehicle was steered remotely via a joystick control box. The control box was attached to the Goliath by a triple-strand cable connected to the rear of the vehicle, for transmitting power to the electric driven version. Two of the strands were used to move and steer the Goliath, the third was used for detonation. The Goliath had 650 m of cable. Each Goliath was disposable, being intended to be blown up with its target. Early model Goliaths used an electric motor but, as these were costly to make (3000 Reichsmarks) and difficult to repair in a combat environment, later models (known as the SdKfz. 303) used a simpler, more reliable gasoline engine.

Goliaths were used on all fronts where the Wehrmacht fought, beginning in early 1942. They were used principally by specialized Panzer and combat engineer units. Goliaths were used at Anzio in Italy in April 1944, and against the Polish resistance during the Warsaw Uprising 1944. A few Goliaths were also seen on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day, though most were rendered inoperative due to artillery blasts severing their command cables.

Although a total of 7,564 Goliaths were produced, the single-use weapon was not considered a success due to the high unit cost, low speed (only just above 6 mph, or 9.5 km/h), poor ground clearance (just 11.4 centimeters), vulnerable command cables and thin armour which failed to protect the remote bomb from any form of antitank weapons. The Goliath did help lay the foundation for post-World War II advances in remote-controlled vehicle technologies.

Surviving examples
Surviving Goliaths are preserved at:
 * the Deutsches Panzermuseum, Germany
 * Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna, Austria
 * the Musée du Débarquement Utah Beach, Normandy, France
 * Musée des Blindés, Saumur, France
 * Musee No. 4 Commando, Ouistreham, Normandy, France
 * the Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
 * Fort Garry Horse Museum, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 * United States Army Ordnance Museum
 * Karl Smith collection, USA
 * the Imperial War Museum Duxford, UK
 * the Bovington Tank Museum, UK
 * The REME Museum, UK
 * Dutch Cavalry Museum, Netherlands
 * War Museum Overloon, Netherlands
 * Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History, Belgium
 * the Kubinka Tank Museum, Russia
 * Arsenał in Wrocław, Poland
 * Polish Army Museum, Poland
 * Warsaw Uprising Museum, Poland
 * Muzeum dopravy (transportation museum), Bratislava, Slovakia.