William Nott



Sir William Nott GCB (20 January 1782 – 1 January 1845) was a British military leader in British India.

Early life
Nott was born in 1782, near Neath in Wales, the second son of Charles Nott, a Herefordshire farmer, who in 1794 became an innkeeper of the Ivy Bush Inn at Carmarthen in Wales. Nott was educated in Neath, and then at Cowbridge Grammar School but left education after his father became an innkeeper. Nott joined the volunteer corps in 1798 and obtained a cadetship in the Indian army and went to India in 1800 when under Company rule in India it was a key component of the growing British Empire.

Military history
In 1825 Nott was promoted to the command of his regiment of native infantry; and in 1838, on the outbreak of the First Afghan war, he was appointed to the command of a brigade. From April to October 1839 he was in command of the troops left at Quetta, where he rendered valuable service. In November 1840 he captured Khelat, and in the following year compelled Akbar Khan and other tribal chiefs to submit to the British.

On receiving the news of the rising of the Afghans at Kabul in November 1841, Nott took energetic measures. On 23 December the British envoy, Sir William Hay Macnaghten, was murdered at Kabul; and in February 1842 the weak and incompetent commander-in-chief, General Elphinstone, sent orders that Kandahar was to be evacuated. Nott at once decided to disobey, on the supposition that Elphinstone was not a free agent at Kabul; and as soon as he heard the news of the Massacre of Elphinstone's army, he urged the government at Calcutta to maintain the garrison of Kandahar with a view to avenging the massacre and the murder of Macnaghten. In March he inflicted a severe defeat on the enemy near Kandahar, and in May drove them with heavy loss out of the Baba Wali Pass.

In July he received orders from Lord Ellenborough, the Governor-General of India, to evacuate Afghanistan, with permission to retire by Kabul. Nott arranged with Sir George Pollock, now commander-in-chief, to join him at Kabul. On 30 August he routed the Afghans at Ghazni, and on 6 September occupied the fortress, from which he carried away, by the governor-general's express instructions, the gates of the temple of Somnath ; on the 17th he joined Pollock at Kabul. The combined army recrossed the Sutlej in December.

Honours and pension
Nott's services were highly commended; he was immediately appointed Resident at Lucknow, was presented with a Sword of Honour, and was appointed GCB. In 1843 he returned to Britain, where the directors of the East India Company voted him a pension of £1,000 per annum (equivalent to £83,000 pa in 2008 ).

He died at Carmarthen in January 1845.

Family
Nott was married twice.

He married his second, much younger, wife in 1843. She was née Rosa Wilson Dore, daughter of Major P. L. Dore, 3rd Foot. After her husband´s death, in 1845, she re-married Thomas Twisden Hodges, MP. When her second husband died in 1865 she resumed the name Lady Nott. She died in August 1901.

Statue of General Nott in Carmarthen
A statue of General Nott was erected in his home town of Carmarthen in 1851. Sculpted by Edward Davis, it has Grade II Listed status. According to the PMSA "the bronze statue was cast from cannon captured at the Battle of Maharajpur. Queen Victoria gave 200 guineas to the memorial fund. The statue occupies the site of the market cross which was dismantled when the market was resited and Nott Square created in 1846."