Misak-ı Millî



Misak-ı Millî ( National Pact or National Oath) is the set of six important decisions made by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament. Parliament met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions on 12 February 1920. These decisions resulted in the Occupation of Constantinople by the British, French and Italian troops on 16 March 1920 and the establishment of a new parliament, the Grand National Assembly, in Ankara.

The Ottoman Minister of Internal Affairs, Damad Sherif Pasha, made the opening speech of parliament due to Mehmed VI's illness. A group of parliamentarians called Felâh-ı Vatan was established by Mustafa Kemal's friends to acknowledge the decisions taken at the Erzurum Congress and the Sivas Congress. Mustafa Kemal said "It is the nation's iron fist that writes the Nation's Oath which is the main principle of our independence to the annals of history." Decisions taken by this parliament were used as the basis for the new Turkish Republic's claims in the Treaty of Lausanne

National Oath

 * 1) The future of the territories inhabited by an Arab majority at the time of the signing of the Armistice of Mudros will be determined by a referendum. On the other hand, the territories which were not occupied at that time and inhabited by a Turkish majority are the homeland of the Turkish nation.
 * 2) The status of Kars, Ardahan and Batum may be determined by a referendum.
 * 3) The status of Western Thrace will be determined by the votes of its inhabitants.
 * 4) The security of Constantinople and Marmara should be provided for. Transport and free-trade on the Straits of the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles will be determined by Turkey and other concerned countries.
 * 5) The rights of minorities will be issued on condition that the rights of the Moslem minorities in neighboring countries are protected.
 * 6) In order to develop in every field, the country should be independent and free; all restrictions on political, judicial and financial development will be removed.