John Hutt (Royal Navy officer)

Captain John Hutt (1746 – 30 June 1794) was an officer of the British Royal Navy who served with distinction during the American Revolutionary War and died in 1794 from severe wounds received during the battle of the Glorious First of June, the first major naval battle of the French Revolutionary Wars. Hutt's ship, HMS Queen was heavily engaged in the action and in celebration of his career and death, a monument was raised to him and the other dead Royal Navy captains of the battle.

American Revolutionary War
John Hutt was born in 1746 but did not begin a naval career until relatively late, becoming a lieutenant in the frigate HMS Lively in 1773. The ship was stationed on the North American Station and Hutt moved between ships rapidly during his service there, joining Hind and Scarborough in short order. Hutt later joined the fleet in the West Indies. In June 1780 Admiral Rodney appointed him commander of the small brig HMS St Lucia (1780). In October Rodney transferred Hut to HMS Sandwich (1759). Then on 21 February 1781, Rodney gave Hutt command of the 14-gun brig HMS Antigua (1780), but Hutt did not have her long. On 28 May 1781, during a concerted effort to seize St Lucia from the British by French admiral de Grasse's fleet, a boarding party overwhelmed Antigua at Dauphin Creek.

Hutt was taken prisoner by the French and remained in their hands until November 1781 when he was returned to England on parole. Hutt was exchanged for a French officer shortly afterwards and faced a court martial for the loss of his ship at which he was exhonerated. In the summer of 1782, Hutt commanded the sloop HMS Trimmer and after the peace, in 1783, took over the 20-gun HMS Camille. In Camille, Hutt sailed to Jamaica, returning in 1787. In 1790 during the Spanish armament, Hutt became a post captain in the frigate HMS Lizard and operated as a fleet scout. He was stationed off Ferrol to observe the Spanish fleet and he brought the news to England that the Spanish had returned to Cadiz without threatening action.

Glorious First of June
At the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars Hutt gained command of the 98-gun second rate HMS Queen, the result of patronage by Rear-Admiral Alan Gardner who had commanded Hutt in the West Indies and now personally requested him for this prestigious command. Hutt joined Gardner in the West Indies and Queen was involved in the first unsuccessful attempt to capture Martinique in 1793. A few months later, Gardner's squadron was attached to the Channel Fleet and with that force, under Admiral Lord Howe, Queen participated in the Glorious First of June.

In fact, although Queen was heavily engaged at the action of 1 June 1794, Hutt was in no position to command her. On 29 May 1794, as the fleets manoeuvered into position for the main engagement, the French fleet attempting to draw the British away from the convoy, Queen exchanged shots with a number of French ships. The engagement was inconclusive but Hutt was grievously wounded by a cannonball that took off one of his legs. During the main engagement four days later, Hutt was below decks in the ship's sick bay.

Hutt was landed at Spithead a few days after the battle and, despite his serious injury, doctors indicated that he was likely to make a full recovery. Unfortunately, a few days later, infection set into the wound and Hutt died on 30 June 1794 as a result. Along with John Harvey who had died of wounds on the same day as Hutt, and John Montagu, who had been killed at the height of the action, Hutt's name was inscribed on a large memorial in St Paul's Cathedral in London and the Houses of Parliament gave thanks to those captains who had died in the action.