Honour medal for courage and devotion

The Honour medal for courage and devotion ("Médaille d’honneur pour acte de courage et de dévouement") is a French decoration than can be bestowed to individuals and whole units. It is awarded for acts of courage during a rescue. The Honour medal for courage and devotion was originally created on 2 March 1820 by king Louis XVIII going through multiple designs during its long history. For instance, awards to military personnel used to bear crossed swords on the ribbon loop.

The award took its present name by a decree of 16 November 1901.

Award statute
Any person who risks his or her life to come to the rescue of one or many persons in danger, may be recognized with the medal. When the act of rescue does not warrant award of the medal, a letter of congratulations for a successful rescue or an honorable mention for a recognized meritorious act in the form of an official certificate type scroll may be granted.

The Honour medal for courage and devotion is divided into five grades:
 * Bronze (Bronze)
 * Silver 2nd class (Argent de 2ème classe)
 * Silver 1st class (Argent de 1ère classe)
 * Silver-gilt (Vermeil)
 * Gold (Or)

Bronze grade: awarded if the rescuer exposed himself or herself to a life threatening condition, or to lesser risk if previously awarded a letter of congratulations and an honorable mention.

Silver grades 1st and 2nd class: awarded only if previously awarded the bronze grade following a new act of courage during a rescue. The two grades are awarded for successive acts of courage.

Silver-gilt grade: awarded only for the most intrepid acts to the bearer of two silver grade medals.

Gold grade: awarded as an outstanding testimony to a person having distinguished himself or herself through exceptional acts towards his or her fellow citizens.

The Honour medal for courage and devotion may also be collectively awarded to emergency and rescue units where the personnel present during the rewarded acts may wear a tricolour (blue-white-red) fourragère.

Award description
The design of the Honour medal for courage and devotion changed many times through the decades, it is presently a 27mm in diameter circular medal struck in bronze, silver, silver-gilt or gold. Its obverse bears the relief image of a standing woman holding palms and crowns surrounded by scenes of rescues under the relief inscription "DÉVOUEMENT" ("DEVOTION"). The reverse bears along its upper circumference, the relief inscription "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE" ("FRENCH REPUBLIC"), at its center, the inscription "MINISTÈRE DE L'INTÉRIEUR" ("INTERIOR MINISTRY") over a framed rectangular area destined to receive the name of the recipient and year of the award.

The medal hangs from a 3cm wide silk moiré tricolour ribbon of equal width blue, white and red vertical stripes. The 3cm wide and 22mm high ribbon suspension loop is cast as an integral part of the medal in the form of oak leaves. The leaves of the suspension loop change colour depending on the grade of the award, bronze for the bronze grade, silver for the silver grade second class, silver-gilt for the silver grade first class and silver-gilt grade, and gold for the gold grade.

Different devices may be worn on the service ribbon to denote the grade of the award when only the ribbons are worn. A plain ribbon is worn for the bronze grade, the silver grade second class is denoted by the addition of a silver five pointed star, two such stars for the silver grade first class, a silver-gilt star for the silver-gilt grade and a rosette for the gold grade.

Noteworthy recipients (partial list)

 * Paris firefighter Joseph Maigrot
 * Rescue helicopter pilot Jean Boulet
 * Police general Denis Favier
 * General Jean Bouffet
 * Rescue helicopter pilot René Romet
 * Navy commander, doctor Éric Dumont
 * Police commissioner Robert Blémant
 * Paris firefighter lieutenant-colonel Frédéric Curie
 * Firefighter colonel Antoine Battesti
 * Military rabbi Paul Haguenauer
 * Navy commander Philippe Kieffer
 * Police detective Roger Borniche
 * Writer and historian Olivier-Raoul-Hugues Chebrou de Lespinats
 * Police commissioner Christophe Gavat
 * Oscar II, King of Sweden

Recipient units (partial list)

 * 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment
 * Paris Fire Brigade

During World War I
In October 1917, the medal was re-instituted with crossed swords on two sprays of oak leaves (Medaille d'Honneur avec Glaives) in gold (or), silver-gilt (Vermeil), silver (Argent) and bronze (Bronze). The medal ranked after the Croix de Guerre and several were awarded to service members of Allied forces, including personnel from:
 * Great Britain
 * United States (partial list)
 * Arley Munson Hare
 * Australia (7 Gold, 26 Silver, 16 Bronze)
 * New Zealand (2 Gold, 4 Silver, 6 Bronze)
 * Canada (partial list)
 * Lieutenant Joseph-Hector-Ernest Allen, 22nd battalion CEF, Silver-gilt grade with swords awarded 15 April 1915
 * Lieutenant-colonel Hugues-Lemoyne De Martigny, 22nd battalion CEF, Silver-gilt grade with swords awarded 27 October 1914
 * Private Alphonse Marcotte, 22nd battalion CEF, Silver grade with swords awarded 15 June 1915
 * Private Raoul Ouimet, 22nd battalion CEF, Silver grade with swords awarded 2 July 1915
 * Private Georges Marcoux, 22nd battalion CEF, Bronze grade with swords awarded 13 January 1917
 * India (partial list)
 * Risaldar-major Thakur Mul Singh, 26th King George’s Own Light Cavalry, Silver-gilt grade with swords
 * Subedar-major Chandrapal Singh, 7th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Rajputs, Silver-gilt grade with swords
 * Acting Lance naik Mohamed Shaffi Khan, 32nd Lancers, Bronze grade with swords
 * Sepoy Fazal Hussain, 46th Punjabis, Bronze grade with swords
 * Havildar Appaya Kumbi, 101st Grenadiers, Bronze grade with swords