Type 64 (tank)

The Type 64 is a Cold War-era light tank of the Republic of China Armed Forces, in service from 1975. As a hybrid of the M42 Duster and M18 Hellcat, the Type 64 was intended as a tank capable of defending the island of Taiwan from an attack from the People's Liberation Army.

Description and history
The original Type 64 hybrid tank project involved the construction of tanks made from parts of dismantled American tanks provided by the United States. The Type 64 is essentially a M42 Duster hull with an M18 Hellcat turret on top with a 76mm gun. The M18s were originally decommissioned tanks supplied to the ROC Armed Forces during the Chinese Civil War and later, whilst the hulls were surplus M42 hulls ordered and shipped to the island of Taiwan.

Compartments over the track guards for spare Bofors gun barrels were replaced with storage boxes of the stock M41 tank. The tank is comparable in design to the M41 series of American tanks, however has an improved electrical system. A total of one battalion worth of conversions were made.

The hull has an all-welded steel construction that incorporates a high-strength alloy steel and is manufactured using advanced welding techniques, providing adequate protection from small arms and cannon fire. The all-cast turret holds three crew and has the same layout as an M41, with modifications to suit the shorter stature of local tank crews. On the hull, an additional layer of laminated, high-strength alloy steel armour plate is welded and bolted on; this provides additional protection against HEAT and APDS projectiles.

The 76mm rifled gun used on the Type 64 is manufactured locally in Taiwan. A 7.62mm co-axial machinegun is mounted with the main gun, whilst a .50 M2 HB machinegun intended for firing upon aircraft is mounted at the commander's station. Both machineguns are manufactured in Taiwan. The tank has an improved fire control system, and ammunition is stored in a similar manner to the M41A2 and M41A3.

Later Type 64 tanks were modified to include laser rangefinders, ballistic computers and passive night vision equipment developed by the National Sun Yat-Sen Research Institute.

A variant known as the Type 64 Prototype or Type 64 Experimental was a locally upgraded version of the M41 Walker Bulldog with improved fire controls, 530 horsepower Napco 8V-71T diesel engine, ANVRC-7 radio, mounted T57 7.62mm GPMG, and applique turret armors and sideskirts made from traditional cast and high-hardness tungsten alloy steel. Development began in the year Minguo 64 (1975), hence the name. The tank was designed to counter the threat of Type 59 and T-55A tanks in the event of war against the People's Republic of China or Soviet Union. A total of 14 pre-production tanks and 25 first-series tanks were ordered to be constructed at the 201 Factory, with the last tank completed in 1979. This variant did not enter mass-production.

Operators

 * Republic of China (Taiwan): Over 50 tanks were assembled.