Battle of Coyotepe Hill

The Battle of Coyotepe Hill was a significant engagement of the United States occupation of Nicaragua in August through November, 1912 during the insurrection staged by Minster of War General Luis Mena against the government of President Adolfo Díaz. Coyotepe is an old fortress located on a hill overlooking the strategic railroad line near Masaya roughly half-way between Managua and Granada, Nicaragua. On October 2–4, 1912, a Nicaraguan rebel force led by General Benjamín Zeledón occupying Coyotepe and another hill overlooking the strategic rail line, Barranca refused to surrender to government troops under President Adolfo Díaz. U.S. Marine Major Smedley Butler's marine battalion, that Zeledón's rebels had skirmished with on September 19, returned from its capture of Granada, Nicaragua on October 3 and shelled the rebel stronghold on Coyotepe. During pre-dawn hours on October 4, Butler's battalion, in concert with two marine battalions and one from the USS California (ACR-6) led by marine Colonel Joseph H. Pendleton converged from different positions to storm the hill and capture it. With the capture of León, Nicaragua two days later by U.S. Marines and the recapture of Masaya by Nicaraguan government troops, the Nicaraguan revolution of 1912 was essentially over.