Edward Higgins White, Sr.

Edward Higgins White, Sr. (22 May 1901 – 1 November 1978) was a United States Air Force general who served in the United States Army Air Forces Budget Office during World War II and commanded the 1503rd Air Transport Wing in the Korean War.

A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point class of 1924, he was commissioned in the Army Air Corps and learned to fly both airships and airplanes. He attended Harvard Business School, from which he received his Master of Business Administration in 1937, and spent World War II working as a budget and financial officer, first at the Air Materiel Command at Wright Field, Ohio, and then in the Office of the Chief of United States Army Air Forces in Washington, D.C. He transferred to the United States Air Force when it was created in 1947.

After service in the Korean War he became chief of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service in New York City. He then served as commander of the 3750th Technical Training Wing at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, until he retired in 1957 with the rank of major general.

Early life and career
Edward Higgins White was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, on 22 May 1901, the second of three sons of Alexander and Cecilia Higgins White. He had an older brother, James Cecillus White, who attended the United States Military Academy at West Point but failed to graduate with the class of 1919. James was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry and eventually retired as a colonel in 1953. His younger brother, John Alexander White, attended the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. A guard at the Embassy of the United States, Beijing, when the Pacific War broke out on 8 December 1941, he spent four years in captivity, but eventually retired with the rank of colonel.

Appointed from Indiana, Edward White followed his older brother to West Point, which he entered on 1 July 1920. He graduated 270th out of 405 in the class of 1924 on 12 June 1924, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army Air Corps. He attended the Air Corps Primary Flying School at Brooks Field, Texas, the Air Corps Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field, Texas, and finally the Air Corps Balloon and Airship School at Scott Field, Illinois, from which he graduated as a Balloon Observer and Airship Pilot on 20 July 1926. He married Mary Haller, a girl from Fort Wayne, on 22 July 1925. They had three children: a daughter, Jeanne, born in 1927, and sons Edward Higgins White II, born in 1930, and James Blair White, born in 1942.

In 1927, White became the first man to land a dirigible on water, in order to rescue a fellow balloonist. After duty at Scott Field as a flying instructor until 1 July 1929, he attended the Air Corps Primary Flying School at Kelly Field, graduating on 28 February 1930, and then the Advanced Flying School there. He was promoted to first lieutenant on 5 October 1929, and on graduation on 21 June 1930, he was rated as an Airplane Pilot.

White remained at Kelly Field as assistant post adjutant of the Air Corps Training Center until 12 June 1931, when he was posted to the 6th Pursuit Squadron at Wheeler Field, Hawaii, becoming its commander on 12 September 1931, and was adjutant of the 18th Pursuit Group as well until 10 June 1933. He returned to the United States in August 1933, and entered the Army Industrial College. He graduated on 12 June 1934, and was sent to Chicago as a procurement planning representative. He was promoted to captain on 1 August 1935, and then entered Harvard Business School, from which he received his Master of Business Administration degree on 8 June 1937. He was then posted to the headquarters of the Air Materiel Command at Wright Field, Ohio, as Assistant Budget Officer.

World War II
In October 1939, White was transferred to the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps in Washington, D.C., to work in the Budget Office. He was promoted to major on 11 March 1940. He attended the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field, Alabama, and then returned to Wright Field as Budget Officer. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 5 November 1941, and colonel on 12 March 1943.

White returned to Washington, D.C., in August 1944 as Assistant Budget and Fiscal Officer in the Office of the Chief of United States Army Air Forces. For his services he was awarded the Legion of Merit, and the Army Commendation Ribbon.

Cold War
On 1 October 1947, White transferred to the United States Air Force, with the rank of brigadier general. He served as Deputy Air Comptroller from 7 November 1947 to 2 February 1948, then as Director of the Budget from until 31 December 1948, and as  Assistant Comptroller until 20 July 1949.

White commanded the 1503rd Air Transport Wing in Japan until July 1951, which shipped supplies and personnel to the forces fighting in the Korean War. For his services he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.

On returning to the United States in July 1951, he became chief of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service in New York City. He then became commander of the 3750th Technical Training Wing at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, on 1 September 1954. He retired from the Air Force as a major general on 31 July 1957. For his services he was awarded a second Legion of Merit.

Later life
White's son Edward H. White II graduated from West Point with the class of 1952, and later became an astronaut, and the first American to "walk" in space. He died in the Apollo 1 fire in 1967. White's second son, Major James B. White, was a graduate of the United States Air Force Academy. He was killed when his F-105 Thunderchief crashed in Laos in 1969.

White died on 1 November 1978, and was buried in West Point Cemetery.