Richard J. Daronco

Richard Joseph Daronco (August 1, 1931 – May 21, 1988) was an American lawyer and judge. He served as a New York State judge for 17 years and as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for one year. On May 21, 1988, he was assassinated, becoming one of three federal judges to be intentionally killed in the line of judicial service in the twentieth century.

Early life and education
Born in New York City, New York, Daronco was the son of a tile setter who emigrated from Italy. He attended the New York Military Academy in Cornwall, New York before receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree from Providence College in 1953. He received his Bachelor of Laws from Albany Law School in 1956. From 1956 to 1958, Daronco served in the United States Army as a private.

Career
Daronco was in private practice as a trial lawyer in New York City from 1958 to 1959. He continued his practice in White Plains, New York from 1959 to 1971. In 1971, Daronco began his judicial career with an appointment by Governor Nelson Rockefeller as Judge of the New York Family Court for Westchester County, on which he served until 1974. He then became Judge of the Westchester County Court from 1974 to 1979, and served as an administrative judge for one year. Daronco was appointed by Governor Hugh Carey as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court where he served from 1979 to 1987 and in 1983 became Deputy Chief Administrative Judge of courts outside New York City. In this capacity, he administered the 450 courts of Upstate New York. He was also an adjunct professor at Pace University School of Law from 1983 to 1988. Additionally, he taught as an adjunct professor at Fordham University School of Law from 1983 to 1988 and as an adjunct professor at Iona College.

Federal judicial service
On February 2, 1987, upon the recommendation of Senator Alfonse D'Amato, Daronco was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Lee Parsons Gagliardi. Daronco was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 7, 1987, and received his commission the same day, serving until his assassination a little over a year later.

Personal life
Richard Daronco, a lifelong resident of Pelham, was known as a "family man" and a "churchgoer" who was devout in his Catholic faith. He married Joan O'Rourke in 1957 and had five children. His brother, Paul, served as the Mayor of Pelham.

Assassination
In April 1988, Judge Daronco presided over a bench trial in a sex discrimination and sexual harassment case, in which the plaintiff, Carolee Koster, alleged she was wrongfully passed over for promotion and eventually terminated by her employer. She opted to represent herself pro se after being previously represented by three different attorneys, the last of whom withdrew from the case. She had previously rejected a monetary settlement in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, seeking a much larger sum of $2.5 million.

Daronco was the third judge to preside over the civil case, which had already spanned seven years of litigation and delays. On May 19, 1988, he issued a 39-page written decision at the conclusion of the 10-day trial. He ruled in the defendant's favor and dismissed the case. In his decision, he wrote that Ms. Koster's claim had not a "scintilla of credible evidence."

On May 20, Charles L. Koster, a retired mounted New York City police officer and the father of the unsuccessful plaintiff - who himself had been asked to leave the courtroom several times through the course of the trial for making disruptive noises and expressions - drove to Daronco's home in Pelham, New York from his residence in Bath, Pennsylvania. He stayed the night at an unknown location.

On May 21, Koster parked several blocks away from Daronco's home, near Holy Sepulchre Cemetery. He walked to Daronco's house and approached the judge while he was doing yard work in his home garden. Seconds later, Koster fired four shots at Daronco from a .38 caliber revolver. Daronco, though wounded by at least three shots, one of which had caused major bleeding from striking a femoral artery of the thigh, attempted to escape through his kitchen door. His neighbor heard Daronco shout "I need help." As his wife, daughter, and a friend remained in another part of the house, Daronco tried to barricade himself in his study where he collapsed and died. Hearing the disturbance, his wife, Joan, entered the kitchen and discovered the scene and held the kitchen door closed. Koster, attempting to chase Daronco into the house, pushed through the door and committed suicide by a fatal shot to the head. Koster, who'd exhausted much of his life savings on his daughter's lawsuit, left a suicide note indicating "his strong displeasure with the judge's decision."

Legacy
Daronco's funeral was held at St. Catherine's Roman Catholic Church in Pelham. He was one of three federal judges killed in the 20th century, together with John H. Wood Jr. and Robert Smith Vance.

The United States Congress passed a private bill to compensate Daronco's widowed wife, Joan, with certain benefits relating to her husband's salary. The bill was pocket vetoed by President George H. W. Bush, who said that he intended to instead approve another bill, passed around the same time, that would provide benefits for surviving spouses of all assassinated federal judges on an equitable basis.

In his memory, the Westchester County Courthouse in White Plains, where Daronco had worked for many years as a state court judge, was later renamed the Richard J. Daronco Westchester County Courthouse. The municipal building adjacent to the town hall of Pelham, Daronco's hometown, was also renamed the Richard J. Daronco Town House in his honor.