Kensington Regiment (Princess Louise's)

The Kensington Regiment (Princess Louise's) is a unit of the British Army, which originated in the Volunteer Rifle Corps' movement of the 1850's. In 1908 it became a battalion of the London Regiment in the Territorial Force. It was an infantry regiment from 1908-1940, a heavy fire support unit from 1940-1945, and has been a Squadron of the Royal Signals since 1945.

Origins
In the year 1859 the 4th Middlesex V(olunteer) R(ifle) C(orps), and the 2nd (South) Middlesex V.R.C. were formed under the patronage of the 2nd Baron Truro and the Viscount Ranelagh respectively, from bands of the concerned patriotic citizenry of Mid-Middlesex in response to a then perceived threat of a military invasion of England (which at that time found itself in a state of military unpreparedness for such an event) by France under the authority of Napoleon III. After this fleeting threatening shadow from an ascendant France had passed without conflict's manifestation, these voluntary militias that had come to life maintained their formations, in what would become West London with the geographically expanding Capital's devourment of the old County of Middlesex, on a volunteer basis with the assistance of limited provisioning from the War Office, with the aim of acting as a reserve pool of military knowledge and resource in the Kingdom's civilian population that would augment its military capacity at times of national martial peril.

Second Boer War
Men from both units voluntarily went out to South Africa with the City Imperial Volunteers, thereby earning their Corps the right to the Battle Honour of 'South Africa 1900-1902'.

Territorial Force
In 1908 as part of the Haldane Reforms of the Kingdom's volunteer forces, the "Kensingtons" Regiment was formed in an amalgamation of the 4th Middlesex V.R.C. and the 2nd (South) Middlesex, V.R.C., the newly minted unit being titled the 13th London Regiment (Kensingtons), T.F.. It based itself at the old 4th Middlesex V.R.C.'s Head Quarters at Iverna Gardens in the Borough of Kensington, which adopted it as its local Regiment and consented for the new Regiment to use its name in its formation's title. The Regiment took its Latin unit motto Quid Nobis Ardui (English: Nothing is too arduous for us) from the Borough's Coat of Arms. Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll consented to the use of her name by the Regiment and it became officially designated as the Princess Louise's Kensingtons.

First World War
During World War I the Regiment was increased to war fighting capacity with three separate battalions being formed.

1/13th London Regiment (1st Kensingtons Battalion)
This Battalion was mobilized on the declaration of war on 4 August 1914. In November 1914 it departed England for France, and saw action on the Western Front, including the battles of Neuve Chapelle (1915), Aubers Ridge (the Regiment's defining action in the War) (1915), Somme (1916), Arras (1917), Passchendaele (1917), Cambrai (1917), Somme (1918), & the Hundred Days Offensive (1918). It returned to the Corps' Head Quarters in Kensington from France for demobilization in May 1919.

2/13th London Regiment (2nd Kensingtons Battalion)
The Battalion was formed in August 1914 with the intention of acting as the Regiment's home training unit, furnishing reinforcements to the 1st Battalion in the field to replace losses sustained in action. However, by November 1914 it was decided by the War Office that with the war's scale of operations rapidly escalating the new 2nd battalions of the London Territorial Force's infantry regiments were also to be mobilized for active service in the field. The 2nd Kensingtons did send drafts of reinforcements to join the 1st Battalion in France throughout 1915 whilst it was training in England, but this was ended by the close of that year and the responsibility for the Regiment's reinforcement supply was transferred to the 3rd Battalion, in preparation for the 2nd Battalion's departure on active service. The 2nd Kensingtons was dispatched to Ireland in April 1916 to deal with the Fenian Revolution. Afterwards it saw action on the Western Front in France (1916); Salonika (1917), taking part the Battle of Doiran; and Palestine (1917-1918), taking part in the Third Battle of Gaza, the Battle of Jerusalem, Capture of Jericho, the First Transjordan attack on Amman, Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt and the Battle of Sharon. The Battalion was broken up and demoblized in camps at Sidi Bashir in Egypt, and Mersin in Asia Minor in February to March 1919.

3/13th London Regiment (3rd Kensingtons Battalion)
The 3rd Battalion was formed in November 1914 as the home training battalion of the Regiment with responsibility for supplying reinforcement drafts to the Regiment's two fighting battalions in the field, a role that it fulfilled until the end of the conflict in late 1918.

Inter-War
In 1937, on the break-up of the London Regiment, the unit was re-designated the Princess Louise's Kensington Regiment, The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own).

Second World War
During World War II the Kensingtons were the first Territorial Army unit to guard the Tower of London, including performing the Ceremony of the Keys. It also changed its role from infantry to a heavy fire support unit armed with mortars, medium machine-guns and Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns. The 1st Kensingtons served with the British Expeditionary Force in France, and later deployed to North Africa to be part of British First Army to prepare for the Sicilian campaign, and later the Italian front, with the 78th Battleaxe Infantry Division. The 2nd Kensingtons served first in Iceland and were to see action from Normandy to Arnhem, with the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division.



In 1947, the Regiment became part of the Royal Corps of Signals with the Army Phantom Signal Regiment (Princess Louise's Kensington Regiment).

Post War
The Regiment reformed as 41 (PLK) Signal Regiment, T.A., in 1961 and became a trunk communications Signal Regiment with squadrons in Portsmouth, Coulsdon and Hammersmith.

In 1967, with the reorganisation of the Territorial Army, 41 Signal Regiment became a squadron of 31 Signal Regiment. The Regiment being made up of three Radio Squadrons and a HQ Squadron. Each Radio Squadron had a number of Radio detachments. A detachment consists of four soldiers normally based in a Land Rover to provide high mobility, although there are some detachments that use 4 tonne vehicles. Detachments can be deployed as part of a squadron or independently to other locations. HQ Squadron provides all the support elements, such as fuel and equipment, which enable the Regiment to function as well, as a small number of discrete radio detachments.

21st Century
The Squadron still retains it links with the Princess Louise's Kensingtons, and wears the original Kensington badges and buttons on its uniform. It was reassigned from 31 (City of London) Signal Regiment to 38 (City of Sheffield) Signal Regiment in 2010.

In 2014, 41 Squadron, following its transfer to 71 Signal Regiment, was reduced to a Troop and merged with 47 Squadron, with the new Squadron being named 31 (Middlesex Yeomanry and PLK) Signal Squadron.

Publications

 * Bailey, Sergeant O. F. and Hollier, H. M., (1935) The Kensingtons 13th London Regiment, London, Regimental Old Comrades Association
 * Beckett, Ian F. W., (1982) Riflemen Form: A Study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908, Aldershot, The Ogilby Trusts, ISBN 0-85936-271-X.