Friedrich Panzinger

Friedrich Panzinger (born 1 February 1903 in Munich – died 8 August 1959) was a German Nazi SS-Oberführer. He served as the head of SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) Amt IV A, from September 1943 to May 1944 the commanding officer of Einsatzgruppe A in the Baltic States and Belarus, and from 15 August 1944 as chief of RSHA Amt V, the Kriminalpolizei (Kripo; Criminal Police). After the war he was a member of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND; Federal Intelligence Service). He committed suicide after being arrested for war crimes.

Biography
Panzinger attended night school and began studying law. He took part in a recruitment test for the police and was admitted as a police officer in the civil service. As a police officer in Bavaria, Panzinger worked with Franz Josef Huber, and Josef Meisinger, both future Schutzstaffel (SS) officials. He finally completed a law degree in 1932. In the summer of 1933 Panzinger joined the Sturmabteilung (SA). He joined the Nazi Party with the number 1,017,341.

In April 1937 he joined the SS with member number 322,118. He was then employed as a Kriminalkommissar (Chief Inspector) in the state police headquarters in Berlin. On 29 June 1940 he began working in the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo; Security Police) in Sofia, Bulgaria. In August 1940 he assumed the position of Secretary of Section IV A (Enemies) of the Gestapo, where he performed the task of fighting communism, Marxism and enemy propaganda within Germany until 4 September 1943. Panzinger's office consisted of the following subdivisions:


 * IV A 1 (Communism, Marxism and subsidiary organizations, war crimes, illegal and enemy propaganda): SS-Sturmbannführer and Kriminaldirektor Josef Vogt, from August 1941 SS-Hauptsturmführer Günther Knobloch
 * IV A 2 (Sabatoge defense, counter-sabotage, political-police officer defense, political forgery): SS-Hauptsturmführer and Kriminalkommissar Horst Kopkow
 * IV A 3 (Reactionaries, opposition, legitimism, liberalism, emigration, treacherous affairs and opposition): SS-Sturmbannführer and Krimininaldirektor Willy Litzenberg
 * IV A 4 (Protection service, assassination attempts, monitoring, special order, investigation squad): SS-Sturmbannführer and Kriminaldirektor Franz Schulz

From 4 September 1943 to 6 May 1944 Panzinger succeeded Humbert Achamer-Pifrader as the commander of the three Einsatzkommandos of Einsatzgruppe A, which oversaw the Security Police matters in the area of Army Group North in the Baltic states and Belorussia as part of the Einsatzgruppen. Panzinger had to perceive issues and at the same time carry out the liquidation of all potential opponents and those deemed "racially inferior". During this time Panzinger was also Commander of the Security Police and SD in Riga.

Panzinger was assigned to the headquarters of the Sicherheitsdienst and Gestapo in Ukraine.

A reorganization of Amt IV of the RHSA in March 1944 led to a breakdown of trade and territory divisions in between Panzinger and Achamer-Pifrader. While Panzinger took over leadership of group IV A, he also served under Achamer-Pifrader in group IV B. Panzinger's group now stood as follows:


 * IV A 1 (Opposition): Panzinger
 * IV A 2 (Sabotage): Horst Kopkow
 * IV A 3 (Abwehr): SS-Obersturmbannführer Walter Huppenkothen
 * IV A 4 (Ideological opponents): SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann
 * IV A 5 (Special cases): SS-Standartenführer and government director Rudolf Mildner
 * IV A 6 (Index, files, protective custody): SS-Sturmbannführer, government and police superintendent Dr. Emil Berndorff

In July 1944, after the 20 July plot, Panzinger was appointed Chief of the Headquarters of the Gestapo, reporting directly to SS-Gruppenführer Heinrich Müller. Panzinger was appointed Chief of RSHA Section V, the Kripo, from 15 August 1944 (with seniority from 21 July 1944) until the end of the war. He succeeded Arthur Nebe in this capacity, who had gone into hiding due to his foreknowledge of the 20 July plot. He collaborated directly with Heinrich Müller, the Gestapo chief. Panzinger was responsible for the murder of prisoner of war French general Gustave Marie Maurice Mesny on 19 January 1945 near the village of Nossen.

After the war Panzinger, considered a war criminal, was arrested in 1946 and imprisoned by the Soviet Union. In Moscow on 22 March 1952 he was twice sentenced to 25 years of forced labor. As a so-called Nichtamnestierter, he was released in September 1955. He worked for a time on the staff of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND: Federal Intelligence Service) under Reinhard Gehlen and later, in 1959, he was employed by a trust company.

In 1959, when charges were brought against Panzinger for the murder of Maurice Mesny, Panzinger committed suicide in his cell on 8 August 1959.

Promotions

 * 14.10.1944 Oberst der Polizei (Police Colonel)
 * 24.09.1943 SS-Oberführer
 * 05.07.1943 SS-Standartenführer (with seniority from 20.04.1943)
 * 01.01.1941 SS-Obersturmbannführer
 * 09.11.1939 SS-Sturmbannführer
 * 20.04.1939 SS-Hauptsturmführer

Awards and decorations

 * 08.05.1944 Iron Cross 2nd Class
 * 30.01.1942 War Merit Cross 2nd Class
 * 01.12.1942 War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords
 * 30.01.1943 War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swords
 * 24.11.1944 German Cross in silver