Truman Gibson

Truman Kella Gibson, Jr. (January 22, 1912 – December 23, 2005) was an American lawyer, government advisor, and later influential boxing promoter who played a unique and unheralded role in the Civil Rights Movement, primarily as a member of the "Black Cabinet" of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman.

Early life
Gibson, the son of an insurance executive, was born in Atlanta, Georgia, just a few years after a brutal race riot in the city. While still young, he moved with his family to Columbus, Ohio. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1932 and obtained a degree from its law school in 1935.

Lawyer and government advisor
From 1935 to 1940, Gibson practiced law in Chicago. During this time, Gibson met then up-and-coming boxer Joe Louis, whom Gibson was charged with entertaining while Gibson’s law firm negotiated deals with Louis’ management. Also during this time, he helped to organize Chicago’s American Negro Exposition in 1940, marking the 75th anniversary of emancipation.

Gibson's exposition experience drew the attention of progressives within the federal government. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created the post of civilian aide to the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, to speak on behalf of black men in the army. In 1940, Gibson was appointed as an assistant to this newly named adviser, William H. Hastie. Gibson's tasks included investigating complaints from black soldiers facing indignities, and sometimes violence, during their stateside training. On one occasion, Gibson was instrumental in obtaining decision on the applications of several black Officer Candidate School candidates from Fort Riley, Kansas, whose OCS applications had been inexplicably delayed for several months. Gibson’s friend from Chicago Joe Louis (then assigned to Fort Riley for basic training) had intervened on behalf of the OCS candidates. Among the OCS applications Gibson facilitated turned out to be that of a young Jackie Robinson, later to break the baseball color barrier.

In 1943, Gibson acceded to the position of Chief Civilian Advisor to Secretary Stimson on upon Hastie's resignation. Perhaps Gibson’s greatest contribution as civilian aide was his role in the creation of a war propaganda film, The Negro Soldier. Produced by Frank Capra, who made It’s a Wonderful Life, the film portrayed black men as brave, intelligent and patriotic. It was by far the highest quality film about black Americans yet made, with a propaganda message quite at odds with the demeaning black stereotypes of Hollywood. At Gibson’s prodding, the film was screened to all new recruits, and played in cinemas across the country. For this and other service, Gibson was awarded the Legion of Merit in 1945.

In December 1946, Mr. Gibson was named to President Harry S. Truman's nine-member civilian commission studying the future of universal military training; he was the panel's only black member. In May 1947, when it issued its report, the commission urged an end to segregation in the military. Fourteen months later, Truman issued an executive order that led to desegregation of the armed forces.

Boxing promoter
Mr. Gibson returned to private law practice in Chicago after the war. After helping Joe Louis with tax problems in 1949, Gibson took on the role of director and secretary of Joe Louis Enterprises, and entered the world of professional boxing as a manager and promoter. Gibson became secretary and later president of the International Boxing Club (IBC), which promoted important title fights and arranged national television coverage of the sport during the 1950s. In 1959, Gibson became one of the three original directors of the Chicago-based National Boxing Enterprises, the company that brought the legendary Friday night fights to television.

But legal troubles followed. The IBC was dissolved after the Supreme Court ruled in 1959 that it had violated antitrust law. Two years later, Mr. Gibson and four co-defendants – Frankie Carbo, once described by the New York district attorney's office as "the underworld czar of boxing", Louis Tom Dragna, Joe Sica, and Frank Palermo – were convicted in federal court of conspiracy and extortion in an effort to siphon off earnings from the welterweight champion Don Jordan. Gibson was sentenced to five years' probation and fined.

Later life
By the early 1960s, Gibson abandoned boxing and went into private practice. Over the years, he worked with the School for Automotive Trades in Chicago and acted as secretary of the Chicago Land Clearance Commission. He served on the boards of directors of the Chicago Community Fund and Roosevelt University and remained a member of the Cook County Bar Association. Gibson continued to reside in Chicago and practiced law up until his death on December 23, 2005.