Tanaka Shinbei

Tanaka Shinbei (田中 新兵衛) was one of the four members of the hitokiri, elite samurai, active in Japan during the late Tokugawa shogunate in the 1860s. The hitokiri including Shinbei were working under the command of Takechi Hanpeita, the leader of the Loyalists of Tosa, who sought to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate and restore the Emperor of Japan to power.

Hanpeita ordered Shinbei and the other hitokiri to seek "Heaven's Revenge" against supporters of the Shogunate and supporters of foreign access to Japan. A hitokiri from the Satsuma District, Shinbei came from a peasant background. After his first high-level assassination, he was elevated to samurai status despite the traditional samurai disdain towards peasants.

Shinbei was involved in the assassination of Ii Naosuke, the head of the Edo Council of Elders who was the head of administration for the Tokugawa shogunate in 1860. This assassination sparked years of violence in Japan especially in Kyoto where assassinations became commonplace. The Shinsengumi was formed in 1863 to suppress the hitokiri and Tosa loyalists and restore law and order.

Shinbei's sword was found at the scene of the assassination of a senior official Anenokoji. He was taken for questioning in Kyoto and asked to see the sword. He committed seppuku when he was given the sword.