G5 howitzer

The G5 is a South African towed howitzer of 155 mm calibre designed and developed in South Africa by Denel Land Systems. The G5 design was based on the Canadian GC-45 155mm gun which was highly modified to suit southern African conditions.

Production history
During the Angolan conflict the South African Army found themselves at a disadvantage when facing enemies who were supplied with modern Soviet artillery, which outranged their artillery by a considerable margin. At that time the South African Army was equipped with World War II-era artillery pieces, notably the G1 (25 pounder) and the G2 (5.5 inch or 140 mm). This led to the issue of a staff requirement for a new artillery system as well as ammunition systems, gun tractor, fire control equipment and a fire control computer system.

From 1963, South Africa had been placed under an United Nations sponsored anti-apartheid arms embargo that led to the creation of the indigenous Armscor military-industrial company to circumvent the arms embargo and to produce weapons systems uniquely tailored to South Africa's needs. Armscor responded to the staff requirement and commenced development in 1976. A number of existing designs were evaluated and examples procured in contravention of the arms embargo. As an interim weapon system to act as a stop-gap during the indigenous production process, a number of Soltam 155mm M-71 gun-howitzers were procured from Israel and entered service as the G4 howitzer.

The Canadian GC-45 was selected as the baseline howitzer from which to commence indigenous development. One of the GC-45 test pieces was mounted on a U.S. 155mm M59 carriage - and a further six GC-45s had changes made to internal ballistics, barrel construction and carriage and cradle fixtures, to become the prototype models eventually leading to the G5. These GC-45s had been developed by SRC International of Belgium, a joint venture between Space Research Corporation of Canada and PRB of Belgium. Further changes included the addition of a small APU to allow the gun to dig itself in and move short distances at up to 16 km/h, as well as the addition of an advance muzzle brake. The G5 became operational in 1983. Using the normal Extended Range, Full Bore (ERFB) ammunition the normal range is 30 km, which can be extended to about 39.6 km using base bleed shells, or 50km using rocket assisted V-LAP rounds. It is regarded as one of the most potent artillery pieces on the modern battlefield. In 2002 Denel produced the G5-2000 version, with much greater range and accuracy than the earlier 45-calibre version.

The G5 gun has been placed on an OMC 6×6 chassis to produce the fully self-propelled G6 howitzer, and won major export sales in this form from the United Arab Emirates and Oman. In response to a request from India it has also been tested on the back of a TATRA 8×8 wheeled truck, a combination known as the T5-2000. It has also been fitted into a turret, named the T6, that can be placed on any suitable vehicle; it has been fitted on the T-72 tank.

Variants

 * G5 Mk I
 * G5 Mk II
 * G5 Mk III
 * G5-2000: 52-calibre gun

Operators

 * 45
 * 🇮🇷 : 30
 * 🇮🇶 : Saddam Hussein's army operated about 100 G5s, but these have probably all been destroyed or abandoned since the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
 * : 22
 * 🇶🇦 : 12 - to be replaced by PzH 2000

Combat history

 * Angola: 1982–1987
 * Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988