229th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 2nd Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in World War I. It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Highland Mounted Brigade and the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade. In October it absorbed the remnants of the 1st Dismounted Brigade. The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force and the Suez Canal Defences.

In January 1917, the brigade was reorganized and redesignated as the 229th Brigade and joined the 74th (Yeomanry) Division in March. It served with the division in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and on the Western Front.

Formation
The 2nd Dismounted Brigade was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Highland Mounted Brigade and the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade.

The Highland Mounted Brigade had served dismounted in the Gallipoli Campaign from 26 September to 19 December 1915 assigned to the 2nd Mounted Division. Similarly, the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade served in Gallipoli from 9 October until 19 December 1915 attached at various times to 11th (Northern) Division, 2nd Mounted Division and 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division. Both brigades were withdrawn to Egypt in December 1915 and formed part of the Western Frontier Force. The 2nd Dismounted Brigade was formed as part of the Western Frontier Force with the following composition:
 * 1/1st Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry
 * 1/1st Royal North Devon Yeomanry
 * 1/1st West Somerset Yeomanry
 * 1/1st Fife and Forfar Yeomanry
 * 1/1st Lovat's Scouts
 * 1/2nd Lovat's Scouts
 * 2nd Dismounted Brigade Machine Gun Company
 * Highland Mounted Brigade Signal Troop
 * 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade Signal Troop
 * 1st Highland Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance, RAMC
 * 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance, RAMC

Reorganised
On 27 September 1916, the 1/1st and 1/2nd Lovat's Scouts (along with a company of the 1/3rd Scottish Horse) were merged to form the 10th (Lovat's Scouts) Battalion, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders at Cairo. The battalion was transferred to Salonika, arriving 20 October, where it joined 82nd Brigade, 27th Division.

On 1 October 1916, 1/1st Scottish Horse and 1/2nd Scottish Horse of the 1st Dismounted Brigade were amalgamated to form 13th (Scottish Horse Yeomanry) Battalion, Black Watch. As the 1st Dismounted Brigade had now been reduced to just two regiments (1/1st Ayrshire Yeomanry and 1/1st Lanarkshire Yeomanry ), it was dissolved and the remaining elements absorbed into the 2nd Dismounted Brigade.

The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force and on the Suez Canal Defences.

229th Brigade
The brigade was with the Suez Canal Defences when, on 14 January 1917, Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) Order No. 26 instructed that the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Dismounted Brigades be reorganized as the 229th, 230th and 231st Brigades. Consequently, the 2nd Dismounted Brigade was redesignated 229th Brigade at el Ferdan (near Ismailia) on 15 January. The brigade units were reorganized in January 1917:
 * 16th (Royal 1st Devon and Royal North Devon Yeomanry) Battalion, Devonshire Regiment
 * 12th (West Somerset Yeomanry) Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry
 * 12th (Ayrshire and Lanarkshire Yeomanry) Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers
 * 14th (Fife and Forfar Yeomanry) Battalion, Black Watch
 * 4th Machine Gun Company
 * 229th Trench Mortar Battery
 * 229th Field Ambulance

On 23 February, the GOC EEF (Lt-Gen Sir A.J. Murray) sought permission from the War Office to form the 229th, 230th and 231st Brigades into a new division. The War Office granted permission and the new 74th (Yeomanry) Division started to form. The 229th Brigade joined the division at el Arish between 7 and 9 March. 229th Brigade remained with 74th (Yeomanry) Division for the rest of the war.

Palestine 1917-18
With the 74th Division, the brigade took part in the invasion of Palestine in 1917 and 1918. It fought in the Second and Third Battles of Gaza (including the capture of Beersheba and the Sheria Position). At the end of 1917, it took part in the capture and defence of Jerusalem and in March 1918 in the Battle of Tell 'Asur. On 3 April 1918, the Division was warned that it would move to France and by 30 April 1918 had completed embarkation at Alexandria.

Before departure for France, the 4th Machine Gun Company joined 209th (of 230th Brigade), 210th (of 231st Brigade) and 261st MG Companies to form 74th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps. It concentrated at Alexandria between 17 and 30 April and departed for France with the division on the latter date.

France and Flanders 1918
In May 1918, the brigade landed at Marseilles, France with 74th (Yeomanry) Division. It served in France and Flanders with the division for the rest of the war. By 18 May, the division had concentrated around Rue in the Abbeville area. Here the dismounted Yeomanry underwent training for service on the Western Front, particularly gas defence.

Due to a lack of replacements, infantry divisions on the Western Front had been reduced from 12 to 9 battalions in January and February 1918. To conform with this new structure, on 21 June, 12th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 12th Norfolk Regiment (of 230th Brigade) and 24th Royal Welsh Fusiliers (of 231st Brigade) left 74th (Yeomanry) Division. They were used to reconstitute 94th Brigade of 31st Division which was renamed 94th (Yeomanry) Brigade on that date.

On 14 July 1918 the Yeomanry Division went into the line for the first time, near Merville on the right of XI Corps. From September 1918, as part of III Corps of Fourth Army, it took part in the Hundred Days Offensive including the Second Battle of the Somme (Second Battle of Bapaume) and the Battles of the Hindenburg Line (Battle of Épehy). In October and November 1918 it took part in the Final Advance in Artois and Flanders. By the Armistice it was east of Tournai, Belgium, still with 74th (Yeomanry) Division.

With the end of the war, the troops of 74th Division were engaged in railway repair work and education was undertaken while demobilisation began. The division and its subformations were disbanded on 10 July 1919.

Commanders
The 2nd Dismounted Brigade / 229th Brigade had the following commanders during its existence:

Colonel R. Hoare (promoted to Brigadier-General on 5 August 1914) was the commander of the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade from 1 April 1912. He took command of 2nd Dismounted Brigade on formation.