Leif Larsen

Leif Andreas Larsen DSO, DSC, CGM, DSM and Bar (9 January 1906 – 12 October 1990), popularly known as "Shetlands" Larsen, was a Norwegian sailor and the most highly decorated allied naval officer of World War II. Arguably the most famous of the men who operated the Shetland bus escape route during the war.

He participated as a volunteer on the Finnish side during the Winter War and was a soldier in the defence of Norway following the German invasion at Kongsvinger Fortress. He had excellent leadership skills; one of the British officers at the Shetland base, David Howarth, described him as "one of the most remarkable personalities of the entire Second World War". Larsen preferred to downplay his own role and instead named his crew as the reason for his achievements.

Shetland bus
He dramatically escaped Norway in February 1941 in the fishing boat MOTIG 1, a voyage he recounted in an autobiographic book. He then joined the "Norwegian Naval Independent Unit", an unwieldy cover title far better known as the Shetland bus. The unit for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and, despite its name, was initially independent of the regular Royal Norwegian Navy. He trained with the Linge Company.

He was the skipper of the fishing vessel Arthur during an attempt to sink the German battleship Tirpitz in the Trondheimsfjord in the fall of 1942 (Operation Title). Despite its failure, Larsen received a Conspicuous Gallantry Medal, the first non-Briton to do so. The Admiralty records the operation as "the achievement of penetrating to within 10 mi of the berth occupied by the Tirpitz represents, on the part of the personnel and particularly that of the Norwegians, a fine example of cold-blooded courage."

Boat skippers were initially given the nominal rank of Petty Officer ('Quartermaster'), but Larsen was later, without a great deal of enthusiasm, given a formal commission as a Sub-Lieutenant (fenrik) in the Royal Norwegian Navy, hence the extremely unusual array of his British decorations.

Operations became increasingly dangerous as the war progressed and the German forces improved their air and sea defences. They began to understand the true role of fishing-boats operating far from the coast and the fishing boats were phased out in favour of three American 'sub-chasers', which were much larger, faster and better-armed, altogether better suited to the changed circumstances. The commanders of these three vessels were required to be commissioned officers and Larsen became the captain of the HNoMS Vigra. In all he made 52 trips to Norway.

Honours and awards
With eleven distinctions he became the most highly decorated naval officer of the Second World War — no other man, British or foreign, received the same British military honours. In addition to the unique array of British decorations, he was awarded Norway's highest decoration for military gallantry, the Krigskorset med Sverd or War Cross with sword. As one of only eleven people he was awarded this decoration twice, in 1942 and 1943: the War Cross with two swords.

In 1995 a statue of him was erected by the sea in the centre of Bergen near the UNESCO site of Bryggen. In 2000 the Bergen newspaper Bergens Tidende named Larsen Vestlandet's man of the century. His medals are on display in the The North Sea Traffic Museum in Telavåg.







Post-war
After the war Larsen had a major role in organising the naval branch of the Norwegian Home Guard. Frithjof Sælen, Norwegian author wrote in 1947 the book Shetlands-Larsen, None but the Brave in Great Britain, Mission Suicide in France.

In 1954 Leif Larsen played himself in the movie Shetlandsgjengen (aka Suicide Mission in the USA). The film was based on Frithjof Sælen's book and historian David Howarth's book The Shetland Bus.