Torquhil Matheson

General Sir Torquhil George Matheson, 5th Baronet, KCB, CMG, (February 1871 – November, 1963) was a senior British Army officer of the First World War who commanded three different divisions in some of the heaviest fighting of the conflict. He had previously served in the militia and with the Coldstream Guards in the Second Boer War. For his service, he was knighted in 1921 and in 1944 he inherited the Matheson baronetcy from his brother Roderick.

Military career
Torquhil Matheson was born in 1871, the grandson of Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet. Torquhil was educated at Eton College and joined the Hertfordshire Militia before being commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Bedfordshire Regiment on 15 December 1888. On 2 June 1894, Matheson transferred from the Bedfordshires, in which he was then a lieutenant, to the Coldstream Guards as a second lieutenant again, serving with them in the Second Boer War between 1899 and 1902. At the outbreak of the First World War, Matheson went with his regiment to France and fought in several actions, being promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1915 in command of the 3rd Battalion.

In July 1915, Matheson advanced to command the 46th Infantry Brigade and remained in this position until March 1917, when he was promoted to Major General and took over the 20th Infantry Division. In August, shortly before the division was due to deploy in the Third Battle of Ypres, Matheson was severely effected by a German gas barrage that struck his headquarters, forcing him to reliquish control of the division. In September he took over the 4th Infantry Division and commanded he force until September 1918, when he was replaced by Louis Lipsett and took charge of the Guards Division for the final months of the war.

In 1918, Matheson was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath and the following year was awarded the Croix de Guerre and appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George on relinquishing command of the Guards. In 1922, he was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath "for valuable services rendered in the Field with the Waziristan Force" and commanded the 7th Guards Brigade and then the 7th Infantry Division. On 30 June 1931, he was appointed to his last command, as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command, India, and on 30 June 1935 retired from that post as a full General. On 2 July 1935 he was gazetted to the Retired List, and in 1944 succeeded to his grandfather's baronetcy on the death of his elder brother Roderick. He died in November 1963.