107th Cavalry Regiment (United States)

The 107th Cavalry Regiment, Ohio Army National Guard, is a parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, with headquarters at Cincinnati, Ohio. It currently consists of the 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry Regiment, part of the 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division and the Ohio National Guard located throughout southwest Ohio.

Elements of the regiment were involved in the Kent State massacre during the Vietnam War.

History
The 1st Cleveland Troop organized on 28 April 1886 at Cleveland. It was redesignated in 1895 as Troop A (1st Cleveland Troop) before being expanded, reorganized, and redesignated on 3 May 1898 as Troops A, B, C, 1st Ohio Volunteer Cavalry; the remainder of regiment being organized from new and existing units. The 1st Ohio Volunteer Cavalry mustered into Federal service 9–11 May 1898 at Camp Bushnell, Ohio; mustered out of federal service 22–24 October 1898 at Cleveland. The former Troop A (1st Cleveland Troop) reorganized on 14 April 1899 in the Ohio National Guard at Cleveland; Troop B reorganized on 12 December 1902 in the Ohio National Guard at Columbus.

The unit reorganized on 25 July 1910 as the 1st Cavalry Squadron with Headquarters at Cleveland (Troops C and D organized in 1911 at Cincinnati and Toledo, respectively). It was mustered into federal service on 6 July 1916 at Columbus and mustered out on 28 February 1917 at Fort Benjamin Harrison, IN.

It expanded on 16 April 1917 as the 1st Cavalry. It was again expanded, converted, and redesignated on 23 May 1917 as the 2nd and 3rd Field Artillery then mustered into federal service on 15 July 1917 at Cleveland and Youngstown, respectively and drafted into Federal service on 5 August 1917. The unit was reorganized and redesignated on 15 September 1917 as the 135th and the 136th Field Artillery, respectively, and assigned to the 37th Division before being demobilized on 10 April 1919 at Camp Sherman, Ohio.

The unit was then again converted, reorganized, and federally recognized between 20 October 1919 – 18 November 1920 in the Ohio National Guard as the 1st Ohio Cavalry with Headquarters at Cincinnati. It was later redesignated on 1 July 1921 as the 107th Cavalry, an element of the 22nd Cavalry Division, relocating its headquarters on 10 May 1927 to Cleveland.

The 1st Ohio Cavalry consolidated on 1 November 1940 with the 22nd Reconnaissance Squadron (organized and Federally recognized 15 September 1939 with Headquarters at Cincinnati) and the consolidated unit was designated as the 107th Cavalry Regiment (United States); it was concurrently relieved from assignment to the 22nd Cavalry Division and was inducted into Federal service on 5 March 1941 at its home stations in Ohio.

The regiment was broken up on 1 January 1944 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows:

Headquarters and Headquarters Troop as Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, Mechanized.

2nd Squadron as the 107th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized.

1st Squadron as the 22nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized (hereafter separate lineage).

After 1 January 1944, the above units underwent changes as follows:

Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, Mechanized, inactivated 6 March 1945 at Camp Polk, LA; 107th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized, inactivated 16 November 1945 at Camp Bowie, TX. The Regiment was reorganized and Federally recognized on 10 November 1947 as the 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron with Headquarters at Cleveland. Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, and 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron consolidated on 15 September 1949 with the 185th Tank Battalion (organized and Federally recognized 12 December 1946 – 30 March 1949 with Headquarters at Cincinnati) and the consolidated unit designated as the 107th Armored Cavalry at Cleveland (The 1st Squadron was allotted on 1 May 1968 to the West Virginia Army National Guard).

The regiment was reorganized and Federally recognized on 10 November 1947 as the 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron with Headquarters at Cleveland. Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 107th Cavalry Group, and 107th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron consolidated on 15 September 1949 with the 185th Tank Battalion (organized and Federally recognized 12 December 1946 – 30 March 1949 with Headquarters at Cincinnati) and the consolidated unit designated as the 107th Armored Cavalry at Cleveland (The 1st Squadron was allotted on 1 May 1968 to the West Virginia Army National Guard).

The regiment (minus 1st Squadron) reorganized on 1 May 1977 in the Ohio Army National Guard (Troop A, Support Squadron, was allotted on 1 October 1986 to the West Virginia Army National Guard and re-allotted on 15 October 1990 to the Ohio Army National Guard). It was placed on 1 June 1989 under the United States Army Regimental System consisting of the following units:

Headquarters and Headquarters Troop 107th ACR – Cleveland, OH;

1st Squadron 150th Cavalry Regiment (United States) – Bluefield, WV;

2nd Squadron 107th ACR – Akron, OH;

3rd Squadron 107th ACR – Stow, OH;

4th Squadron 107th ACR – Greensburg, OH;

Regimental Support Squadron – Medina, OH.

Post 1990
The 107th ACR was reorganized and redesignated on 1 September 1993 as the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, Headquarters in Stow, Ohio (formerly the 3/107th ACR) and assigned to the 28th Infantry Division. The 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry, was assigned to the 37th Armor Brigade. On 1 September 1994 the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry and the 2nd Squadron 107th Cavalry, were realigned and assigned to the 37th Armor Brigade, 38th Infantry Division. In September 2001, the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, was transferred from the 37th Brigade, 38th Infantry Division ("Cyclone") (Indiana Army National Guard) to the 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division ("Keystone") (Pennsylvania Army National Guard) with its headquarters remaining in Stow, Ohio.

In October 2003, B and C Companies, and elements of Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) and Company A, of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry were activated at their home stations and traveled to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Fort Stewart, Georgia, for five months of mobilization training. There they were then attached to the 1st Battalion, 150th Armor (West Virginia Army National Guard), the 1st Battalion, 252nd Armor (North Carolina Army National Guard), and Troop E, 196th Cavalry (North Carolina Army National Guard) respectively, for deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom II with North Carolina's 30th Brigade Combat Team under the 1st Infantry Division. These elements of the 1st Battalion operated in Iraq from February to December 2004, serving in Kirkush, Tuz Khurmatu, Jalawla, and Baghdad. They participated in the Transition of Iraq and Iraqi Governance campaigns and returned home in late December 2004.

The battalion commander LTC Richard T. Curry and CSM Albert Whatmough along with the remaining companies continued their regular training cycle until October 2004, when the remaining company's of the 1–107th Cavalry were activated for service in Operation Iraqi Freedom III. One element of HHC 1–107th Cavalry was then deployed to Fort Dix, New Jersey for mobilization training and left for Kuwait in January 2005. The companies operated in Baghdad, Iraq and performed detainee operations at Camps Cropper and Victory.

The Headquarters was deployed to Fort McCoy, Wisconsin and arrived in Kuwait in December 2004 and deployed to Mosul, Iraq in late December. This element included LTC Richard T. Curry the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment Commander and CSM Albert Whatmough who both deployed with the battalion in 2004–2005 with the mission of establishing the Forward Operating Base (FOB) Endurance which later became known as FOB Q-West Base Complex 30 Kilometers south of Mosul, Iraq. The mission of LTC Curry and his staff were to provide command & control of the base, establish the Base Defense Operations Center, provide life support functions, establish base defense security, combat patrols and build the FOB from the ground up into the largest logistical hub operating in northern Iraq by the end of 2005, a mission that was accomplished prior to their departure.

The FOB Endurance/Q-West Base Complex HQ elements of the 1–107th Cavalry were attached to the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment and received the Army Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC) for their accomplishments. The HHC/A Convoy Security Company conducted operations throughout Iraq logging in thousands of miles with no fatalities and provided excellent security for convoy elements. Elements of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry served within the 1st Cavalry Division, 4th Infantry Division, and 3rd Infantry Division areas of operations as units of the 18th and 42nd MP Brigades. The final elements returned home from Iraq in January 2006 reuniting the battalion. Both HHC/A detachments received the U.S. Army Meritorious Unit Commendation for their service.

The 2–107th Cavalry conducted peacekeeping operations in Kosovo under the Command of LTC John C. Harris in 2004–2005. The squadron was assigned as part of Task Force Falcon commanded by Brigadier General Tod J. Carmony (Deputy Commander 38th IN Division) and Deputy Commander (Maneuver) COL Jack E. Lee (37th Armor Brigade Commander), assigned an area of operations at Camp Bondsteel. The 2–107th Cavalry mobilized all of its units and 350 soldiers to support the deployment. A total of 1,000 Ohio Army National Guard soldiers mobilized in June 2004 for four months of training prior to a six-month deployment to Kosovo as peacekeepers. The soldiers first trained at Camp Atterbury, IN., followed by more training in Germany. The soldiers arrived in Kosovo in September 2004 beginning their mission. In late February 2005 the Ohio Army National Guard welcomed home the 2nd Squadron 107th Cavalry Regiment after successfully completing the NATO peace keeping mission in Kosovo.

As the U.S. Army conducted its largest reorganization since the Second World War, the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment, along with D Company from the 1st Battalion, 148th Infantry, as well as a company from the 112th Engineer Battalion, were chosen to form a new combined arms battalion within the 37th Brigade Combat Team, 38th Infantry Division. A change in designation was required and the unit uncased the new colors of the 1st Battalion, 145th Armored Regiment, effective 1 September 2007. With the 1st Battalion 107th Cavalry Regiment redesignated as such, the only currently remaining element of the 107th Cavalry Regiment is the 2nd Squadron with headquarters at Cincinnati, Ohio.

Coat of arms

 * Shield: Or, on a bend Gules between a Roman Sword in sheath point to base and a prickly pear cactus both Vert, three alerions of the field.
 * Crest: That for the regiments and separate battalions of the Ohio Army National Guard: From a wreath Or and Gules, a sheaf of seventeen arrows Argent bound by a sprig of buckeye (aesculus glabra) fructed Proper (two leaves bursting burr).
 * Motto: FACERE NON DICERE(To Act, Not To Speak)

The shield is yellow for cavalry. The bend charged with the alerions, taken from the arms of Lorraine, is representative of World War I service and is red to indicate that the 107th Cavalry served as Field Artillery during World War I. The Roman Sword in sheath is for Spanish-American War service and the cactus for Mexican Border duty. The motto translates to “To Act, Not To Speak.”

The coat of arms was originally approved for the 107th Cavalry Regiment, Ohio National Guard on 8 March 1927. It was amended to correct the wording of the blazon of the shield on 17 June 1927. It was redesignated for the 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Ohio National Guard on 15 January 1952. The insignia was amended to add the crest of the State of West Virginia on 22 March 1971. It was amended to delete the crest of the State of West Virginia on 3 April 1975. The coat of arms was redesignated effective 1 September 1993, for the 107th Cavalry Regiment.

Regimental commanders
COL P. Lincoln Mitchell, 1921–1924

COL Willard O. Lathrop, 1924–1926

COL Dudley J. Hard, 1926

COL Joseph J. Johnston, 1927

COL Newell C. Bolton, 1927–1936

COL Woods King, 1936–1943 (World War II, CONUS Service)

COL Ralph King, 1943–1945 (World War II, European Theater)

COL Walter J. Easton, 1947–1955

COL Charles D. Marsh, 1955–1960

COL Edmund G. Nowich, 1960–1962

COL Ben F. Ritenour, 1962–1963

COL George F. Huxel, 1963–1965

COL Robert H. Canterburry, 1965–1967

COL Dana L. Stewart, 1967–1971

COL James A. Hill, 1971–1974

COL Raymond R. Galloway, 1974–1977

COL Arthur E. Wallach, 1977–1980

COL Richard J. Lander, 1980–1983

COL John E. Martin, 1983–1986

COL J. Steve Martin, 1986–1991

COL Mark V. Ryan, 1991–1993

Commanders 1–107th Cavalry
LTC Kenneth R. Warner, 1993–1996

LTC Phillip Richardson, 1996–1999

LTC Donald Barbee, 1999–2000

LTC James E. Perry, 2000–2003

LTC Richard T. Curry, 2003–2006 (Operation Iraqi Freedom)

LTC Jeffery J. Ziol, 2006–2007

Commanders 2–107th Cavalry
LTC Larry M. Hott, 1994–1996

LTC Michael P. Emerine, 1996–1999

LTC Robert A. Recchluti, 1999–2001

LTC John C. Harris, 2001–2005 (Kosovo)

LTC Todd A. Mayer, 2005–2008

LTC John A. Zulfer, 2008–2010

LTC James D. Eriksen Jr., 2010–

Command Sergeants Major, 107th ACR
CSM William S. Walker, 1968–1973

CSM Phillip A. Caranel, 1973–1984

CSM Nate Monastra, 1984–1993

Command Sergeants Major, 1–107th Cavalry
CSM Michael Campbell, 1993–1997

CSM Timothy Johnson, 1997–2000

CSM Albert M. Whatmough, 2000–2007

CSM Timothy Hornung, 2007

Command Sergeants Major, 2–107th
CSM Craig R. Huffman, 1994–1996

CSM Donald E. Cain II, 1997–2000

CSM Terry T. Dillon, 2000–2002

CSM William F. Belding, 2003–