19th Special Operations Squadron

The 19th Special Operations Squadron (19 SOS) is part of the 1st Special Operations Wing at Hurlburt Field, Florida. It conducts crew training for AC-130 and MC-130 aircraft.

World War II
The 19th was established as a GHQ Air Force medium bomber squadron in 1940 as a result of the buildup of the United States Army Air Corps after the outbreak of World War II in Europe. It trained with a mix of Douglas B-18 Bolos and Martin B-26 Marauders.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the USA into World War II, the squadron was transferred to the West Coast, flying anti-submarine patrols from Muroc AAF, California from December 1941 to the end of January 1942. It was then assigned to the new Fifth Air Force, originally based on the Philippines. Leaving the B-18s at Muroc, the squadron moved to the South Pacific where it flew its first combat missions from Garbutt Field, Townsville, Australia, against Rabaul, New Britain. In addition to frequent raids against Rabaul, the 19th flew against enemy shipping, facilities, and troop concentrations in New Guinea and provided close air support for Allied troops fighting there, until being withdrawn from combat in January 1943. With refurbished B-26s, the 19th moved to New Guinea and returned to combat in mid-July 1943.

The squadron was again re-equipped, with Consolidated B-24 Liberators, in early 1944, then returned to combat status on 10 March 1944 with a raid against Manus Island. Most operations were against targets in the Bismarck Archipelago until the 19th moved to Owi Island in late July. The squadron flew its first mission to the Philippines Islands on 1 September 1944, hitting Japanese installations at Davao, Mindanao. The B-24s hit enemy facilities in the Celebes and on Mindanao, with an occasional raid against the oil refineries at Balikpapan, Borneo. Raids continued until the squadron moved in early December 1944 to Anguar, Palau Islands. From this station, the B-24s bombed targets throughout the Philippines. In January 1945, the 19th moved to Samar Island, Philippines, before finally relocating in March to Clark Field. In the meantime, in mid-February, the 19th raided Formosa for the first time, and on 21 March, flew its first mission into China. In June 1945, for a week, the B-24s flew from Puerta Princesa, Palawan Island, to hit targets on Borneo in support of Australian forces landing there. The 19th flew its last bombing mission of the war on 18 July 1945, to Formosa. In August the squadron moved to Okinawa and flew reconnaissance missions over Japan.

The 19th flew training missions in the Far East until being moved to Smoky Hill Air Force Base, Kansas, in May 1946. It deployed to England in November 1946, where the it flew training missions to Accra, West Africa, Aden, Yemen, and Arabia, returning in February 1947 to Smoky Hill AFB, then to March Air Force Base, California in May. The 19th again deployed to England from November 1949 to February 1950 where the squadron flew training sorties to Germany and Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Korean War
The squadron then deployed in July 1950 to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, and flew its first combat mission over Korea on 13 July, hitting marshaling yards at Wonsan, North Korea. Bombing missions over both North Korea and South Korea followed, with targets such as bridges, industrial facilities, and railroads. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 19 October, and returned to the USA on 30 October.

Back at March AFB, the 19th trained Boeing B-29 Superfortress crews to be sent to the Far East Air Forces for combat duty in Korea. In February 1953, the 19th replaced its B-29s with Boeing B-47 Stratojet bombers. The 19 BS made its last deployment to England between December 1953 and March 1954, flying training missions to Sidi Slimane and French Morocco. Later the 19th deployed from April–June 1957 to Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, and from there, flew missions to Japan and Korea. In November 1957, the 19th BS received a forward alert obligation, initially sending five B-47s to Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, for six months of cold weather training, then rotating a single aircraft with aircrew for two to four weeks at a time. The alert aircraft were sent in November 1958 to Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, and then in January 1959 to Andersen AFB, Guam. The 19th ceased operational flying in February 1963 and ferried its B-47s to other units and was inactivated on 15 March 1963.

Vietnam War
The 19th Air Commando Squadron was organized on 8 October 1964, at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, just outside of Saigon, South Vietnam. The 19th received Fairchild C-123 Provider aircraft and personnel in 1964 but did not become operational as a unit until March 1965. It flew combat missions including cargo drops, flare missions at night in support of hamlets and outposts under attack, transporting troops and supplies to combat areas, and air evacuation of wounded and refugees from battle areas. Cargo included munitions, vehicles, spare parts, fuel and various foods. Missions were flown in support of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, United States Navy, U.S. Marines and South Vietnamese forces. A Royal Thai Air Force contingent was attached to the squadron from mid-1966 until inactivation. Whenever Tan Son Nhut Air Base came under rocket and mortar attacks, the 19th would operate for up to two weeks at a time from Phan Rang Air Base. The 19th also flew increased missions during the Tet Offensive of 1968 and shared in a Navy Presidential Unit Citation for support to U.S. Marines defending Khe Sanh from January to March 1968. In June to August 1970, the 19th flew airlift, airdrop, and evacuation missions in support of Allied forces fighting in Cambodia. On 19 April 1971, the 19 SOS began to transfer the C-123s to South Vietnam and the squadron flew its last combat mission on 30 April. The 19th ceased all operations in early May and was inactivated on 10 June 1971. On 19 September 1985, the unit was redesignated and combined with the 19th Tactical Intelligence Squadron.

Modern era
The 19th SOS was reactivated on 24 May 1996, at Hurlburt Field. It currently conducts all formal aircrew training for the AC-130H, AC-130U and MC-130E aircraft. That training includes the initial mission qualification, requalification, aircraft commander upgrade, instructor upgrade and refresher training. The 19th SOS uses advanced aircrew training devices (simulators) as well as training coded aircraft (two AC-130Us, one AC-130H, and one C-130E) for flight and ground training. The Special Operations Forces Aircrew Training System contractor provides the 19 SOS administrative support to training operations, courseware development and maintenance, classroom and flightline instruction and operations and maintenance of training and mission rehearsal devices.

Operations

 * World War II
 * Korean War
 * Vietnam War

Lineage

 * Constituted 19th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 22 Dec 1939.
 * Activated on 1 Feb 1940.
 * Redesignated 19th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, on 3 Feb 1944
 * Redesignated 19th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy, on 30 Apr 1946
 * Redesignated 19th Bombardment Squadron, Medium, on 28 Jul 1948.
 * Discontinued, and inactivated, on 15 Mar 1963.
 * Consolidated (19 September 1985) with the 19th Air Commando Squadron, Troop Carrier


 * Constituted 19th Air Commando Squadron, Troop Carrier and activated, on 14 Sep 1964.
 * Organized on 8 Oct 1964.
 * Redesignated 19th Air Commando Squadron, Tactical Airlift, on 1 Aug 1967
 * Redesignated 19th Special Operations Squadron on 1 Aug 1968
 * Redesignated 19th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 Jan 1970.
 * Inactivated on 10 Jun 1971.
 * Consolidated unit redesignated 19th Tactical Intelligence Squadron on 19 Sep 1985
 * Redesignated 19th Special Operations Squadron on 1 Apr 1996.
 * Activated on 24 May 1996.

Assignments

 * 22d Bombardment Group (1940–1948)
 * 22d Bombardment Wing (1948–1963)
 * Pacific Air Forces (1964)
 * 315th Tactical Airlift Wing (1964–1971)
 * 1st Special Operations Wing (1996 – present)

Bases stationed

 * Patterson Field, Ohio (1940)
 * Langley Field, Virginia (1940–1941)
 * Muroc Field, California (1941–1942)
 * Archerfield Airport (Brisbane), Australia (1942)
 * Air Echelon: Hickam Field, Hawaii (15 February – 22 March 1942)
 * RAAF Base Amberley (Ipswich Airfield), Australia (1942)
 * RAAF Base Townsville, Australia (1942)
 * Woodstock Afld, Australia (1942, 1943)
 * Iron Range Afld, Australia (1942–1943)
 * Dobodura Airfield, New Guinea (1943–1944)
 * Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea (1944)
 * Owi Airfield, Schouten Islands, Netherlands East Indies (1944)
 * Angaur Airfield, Palau Islands (1944–1945)
 * Guiuan Airfield, Samar, Philippines (1945)


 * Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines (1945)
 * Motobu Airfield, Okinawa (1945)
 * Fort William McKinley, Luzon, Philippines (1945–1946)
 * Kadena Air Base, Okinawa (1946–1948)
 * Smoky Hill Air Force Base, Kansas (1948–1949)
 * Deployed: RAF Lakenheath, England (16 November 1948 – 12 February 1949)
 * March Air Force Base, California (1949–1963)
 * Deployed: RAF Marham, England (26 November 1949 – 17 February 1950)
 * Deployed: Kadena Air Base, Okinawa (9 July – 30 October 1950)
 * Deployed: RAF Lakenheath, England (5 September – 3 December 1951)
 * Deployed: RAF Upper Heyford, England (12 December 1953 – 5 March 1954)
 * Deployed: Andersen Air Force Base, Guam (2 April – 2 July 1957)
 * Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam (1964–1971)
 * Hurlburt Field, Florida (1996 – present)

Aircraft operated

 * Douglas B-18 Bolo (1940–1941)
 * North American B-25 Mitchell, 1943–1944
 * Martin B-26 Marauder (1941–1944)
 * Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1944–1945)
 * Boeing B-29 Superfortress (1946–1953)
 * Boeing B-47 Stratojet (1953–1963)
 * Fairchild C-123 Provider (1964–1971)
 * Lockheed AC-130H/U (1996–present)
 * Lockheed MC-130E Combat Talon I (1996–present)