Grendon, Northamptonshire

Grendon is a small village and civil parish in rural Northamptonshire, England on the borders of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. Many houses are made of the local limestone and various older thatched houses still survive. The name of the village means "green hill" and today the village remains centred on the hill. As with Earls Barton, the village was owned by Judith, the niece of William the Conqueror.

At the time of the 2001 census, the parish population was 477; the village is a popular place to live with commuters to London or Milton Keynes. It is the site of the 19th century 'Battle of Grendon'. The village is in two parts which are separated by the brook. The smaller part of the village is often incorrectly shown on maps as "Lower End" - implying that it is a separate hamlet, whilst the higher (southern) part of the village is located at the top of the (steep) hill.

History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday book when Grendon formed part of the hundred of Wymersley, which covered an area of 52 sqmi.

There is village folklore about drunken revellers leaving the pub in olden days trying to fish the reflection of the moon from the brook; these characters became known as "Moonrakers". This story was reported by Thomas Sternberg in his 1851 book "The dialogue and folk-lore of Northamptonshire", in which he reports that:


 * "...the men of Grendon go by the name moonrakers, in consequence, it is said, of a party of them having once seen the moon reflected in a pool and attempted to draw it out by means of rakes, under the impression it was a cheese!"

The village is twinned with Bois-Bernard in northern France.

Trinity College, Cambridge, and the advowson
The advowson of the church, including 12 acres (49,000 m²) of glebe land - including their common rights and village tithes, was granted in 1342, to King's Hall, Cambridge by Edward III. When Trinity College, Cambridge was founded in 1546, the advowson was transferred to the Master and Fellows of the new Trinity College. In 1780, following an enclosure act, the tithes were all reduced to a cash payment. The control of the living was transferred in 1926 to the Bishop of Peterborough.

The lost village
In 1970, excavations produced evidence of an abandoned village or deserted medieval village, known as Coton (which means cottages) situated behind Grendon Hall.

The Battle of Grendon
On August 29, 1876, a battle took place between local farmers and their men over water rights. The scene was commemorated in a poem by a local poet.

Governance

 * Grendon Parish Council
 * Parochial Church Council

Geography
The village is surrounded by land owned by three great land owners: -
 * The Queen at Strixton,
 * Trinity College, Cambridge, and
 * The Castle Ashby Estate (Marquess of Northampton).

Economy
Like many villages, Grendon has suffered from the loss of its local shop/post office and its other pub The Crown - both of which have been sold on for development.

Landmarks
The village has a parish church (St Mary's) which dates in part back to Norman times, and a thatched pub, The Half Moon, run by the Charles Wells brewery.

St Mary's Church
The church is built from limestone rubble with ironstone dressings. In the church are the remains, in the form of two rounded arches, of the original 12th century building. The two eastern bays of the nave arcades and the chancel were rebuilt between 1368 and 1380, with the clerestory being added in the 15th century along with the four-storey tower; the tower contains a ring of five bells, dating from 1618. The church houses a wooden framed clock which was made locally in 1690. The tower now uses a replacement made in 1970, but the original is still kept in the church as an exhibit and remains in working order.

Inside the church, on each side of the chancel there are medieval wooden corbel carvings of the grotesque faces of a nagging wife and her leering husband - they are thought to have been a local couple.

The gargoyles on the four corners of the tower represent the four evangelists:
 * a man's head for St Matthew
 * a lion for St Mark
 * a bull for St Luke and
 * an eagle for St John

The chancel was re-roofed in around 1848. There are three hatchments relating to the Compton family - one bearing ravens represents the arms of a former Lord Lieutenant of the Tower of London.

Of the church, Sir Nikolaus Pevsner says, "The first three bays on both sides are late Norman. Next in order of time the late 12th-century doorway with one order of shafts carrying simple moulded capitals and an arch with a thick roll moulding. Early 13th-century the simple north doorway close to a pair of lancets. Money was left to the campanile in 1453."

Other features include:
 * A book of commemoration for the eight parishioners killed in World War I & World War II.
 * A wooden bier
 * An oak pulpit dating from 1908
 * A Victorian lead-lined font
 * A medieval squint cut through the wall to give a view of the altar during mass
 * A memorial plaque to Thomas Willoughby of nether Grendon (Lower End)
 * A three-seat sedilia set into the stone wall which was used by the priest, the deacon and sub-deacon
 * Set into the south wall is a 13th-century piscina used by priests to rinse their hands during mass
 * Set into the floor, a 15th-century brass of an unknown and unnamed woman set between two husbands dressed in the armour of the type used at the Battle of Bosworth Field

The current priest is Father David Spokes.

Grendon Hall
Most of the present hall dates from the 17th century when it was rebuilt by General Hatton Compton, although certain earlier parts date to the 1570s. Pevsner describes the east front as being "fine" quality. It is thought to be the work of John Lumley of Northampton.

In the war the hall was used by the SOE as a training camp for the Free French.

Next to the present site of Grendon Hall but on the other side of the brook is the site of a much earlier medieval manor house owned by Richard de Harrington, whose fish ponds remain today as part of the grounds of the present hall.

In 1946, after the death of the then owner Miss Mundy, the hall was sold to the County Council. The hall was re-opened by the then Princess Elizabeth in 1946.

The Old Parsonage
The house was designed by S.S. Teulon and built in 1850. Pevsner describes it as a "...picturesque Tudor with an odd lantern with cupola ; handsome gabled with mullioned windows." It is now a private house.

Amenities
Grendon has the following sports and activities:
 * Grendon Cricket Club
 * Grendon Sapphires Football Club
 * Women's Institute
 * Half-Crown Share Club
 * Grendon Over 60s - Age Concern
 * Mums & Tots
 * Grendon Playgroup
 * Rainbows & Brownies
 * 1st Grendon Beavers & Cubs
 * Grendon Village Twinning Association (with Bois-Bernard, Nord-Pas de Calais - France)
 * Grendon Bellringers

Charities
The village has three small charities:
 * Poor's Close (set up with land bequethed by the Rev Robert Shelbourne)
 * Richard Piper Coles will trust
 * Charles Markham memorial trust