Henry H. Bell

Henry Haywood Bell (13 April 1808 – 11 January 1868) was an admiral in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Biography
Bell was born in Orange County, North Carolina. Appointed a Midshipman on 4 August 1823, during the next two decades he served afloat in U.S. Atlantic waters, the Mediterranean Sea and the West Indies as an officer of the frigates USS Constitution and USS United States (1797); the sloops of war USS Erie (1813), USS Vincennes (1826), and USS Marion (1839); and the schooner USS Grampus (1821). In March 1831, while in Vincennes, Bell was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. He was assigned to special service on a vessel named Hunter (apparently not part of the U.S. Navy) during the mid-1840s, then was off Africa and in the Mediterranean as an officer of the frigate United States and as commanding officer of the schooner USS Boxer (1832). Between early 1849 and mid-1855, Bell served ashore at the Philadelphia, Norfolk and New York Navy Yards.

Promoted to the rank of Commander in August 1854, Bell went to the East Indies in 1855-1858 as commanding officer of the steamer USS San Jacinto (1850). He spent the late 1850s and early 1860s as a member of the Board of Examiners at the U.S. Naval Academy and on ordnance duty at both Cold Spring, New York and the Washington Navy Yard.

During the Civil War he served as Fleet Captain of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron under Admiral David Farragut. He served in the series of campaigns that captured New Orleans and gradually opened the Mississippi River for exploitation by Federal forces. In July 1862, while so-engaged, he attained the rank of Commodore. After completing his Gulf assignment in 1864, he was assigned to the New York Navy Yard as Inspector of Ordnance.

With the Civil War at an end, in July 1865 Commodore Bell was sent to the Far East to command the East India (later Asiatic) Squadron. He was advanced to Rear Admiral a year later and placed on the Retired List in April 1867, but remained active as the Asiatic Squadron's commander.

In the summer of 1867 Rear Admiral Bell led the Formosan Expedition, a punitive expedition in response to the Rover Incident. The expedition ended in a failure, but led to a second Chinese expedition the same year that established safety for shipwrecked sailors stranded on the island. However, the crew of a Japanese merchant ship was massacred in 1871, and this resulted in a Japanese intervention and occupation against the same Paiwanan enemy. From late 1867 to early 1868, his squadron including screw sloops of war, USS Hartford (1858) (flag ship), USS Shenandoah (1862) and USS Oneida (1861), with warships of other western countries, anchored in Osaka Bay to increase pressure on the Japanese government (Bakufu) to open Hyogo Port on 1 January 1868 as committed. On 11 January 1868, while en route to shore at Hyogo, his boat was overturned by heavy seas. Rear Admiral Bell and all but three of the craft's other occupants perished in this accident.

Namesakes
Two ships, USS Bell, have been named for him.