Karun Krishna Majumdar

Karun Krishna Majumdar (করুণকৃষ্ণ মজুমদার) (6 September 1913 – 17 February 1945) was a wing commander (the first Indian to ever reach that rank) who took part in the Second World War.

Early life
Karun Krishna Majumdar was born in Kolkata on 6 September 1913. His maternal grandfather was Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was the first president of the Indian National Congress. Because he was over six feet tall and well-built, he acquired the nickname Jumbo. Majumdar attended St. Paul's School, Darjeeling In 1932, he travelled to England and took admission in Royal Air Force College Cranwell. In 1933, he returned to India as a trained pilot. His cousins Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri and Hem Chaudhuri also joined the forces; the former joined the Army and ultimately became the Chief of Army Staff, while the latter followed Majumdar into the Air Force and rose to a high rank.

Career
Majumdar joined No. 1 Squadron of the Indian Air Force in the 1930s as Flying Officer. Majumdar first flew Westland Wapiti and then Hawker Hart. Soon he was promoted to Flight Commander of the 'C' Flight of No. 1 Squadron. In June 1941, Majumdar was promoted to Squadron Leader and he took charge of No. 1 Squadron in Miramshah. In August 1941, the No. 1 Squadron was upgraded with Westland Lysander aircraft and training commenced in Drigh Road.

In 1942, the Imperial Japanese forces occupied Burma. The No. 1 Squadron of the Royal Indian Air Force was posted to Burma, and Majumdar reached Taungoo with his squadron on 31 January 1942. On the very next day the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force based in Mae Hong Son in Thailand bombed Taungoo, inflicting considerable damage. However, No. 1 Squadron, which had taken the wise precaution of dispersing and hiding their Lysanders, remained unharmed. Majumdar immediately planned retaliatory action, even though the Westland Lysander was an army co-operation aircraft not meant to serve either as a fighter or as a bomber. Slinging two 250 pound bombs on the stub wings of a Lysander, he set off solo on 2 Feb. 1942 towards the Japanese airbase at Mae Hong Son. The New Zealanders of No. 67 Squadron of Royal Air Force send two Buffalo aircraft as escort. Majumdar took considerable risk in flying low and dropping bombs accurately on target, destroying the enemy hangar, aircraft and airfield. On the next day, Majumdar led the entire squadron in a bombing mission and destroyed the aircraft, wireless installations and the buildings. Until they were withdrawn from Burma in March–April 1942, No. 1 Squadron played a stellar role supporting the army, for which they were commended by General Archibald Wavell. On one occasion Majumdar was forced down in the Shan jungles due to engine failure and managed to return to Lashio after a harrowing journey through dense forests. Majumdar was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, gazetted in the London Gazette of 10 November 1942.

After returning from Burma Majumdar spent the next two years in staff and flying assignments. He was promoted to Wing Commander, the first Indian to reach this rank.

In 1943, Majumdar volunteered for a role in the European War. He arrived in England in March 1944. In order to serve in an operational squadron, he voluntarily relinquished his acting rank of Wing Commander and reverted to Squadron Leader. After converting to North American Mustang aircraft at 41 OTU (Operational Training Unit), Majumdar joined No. 268 Squadron RAF, a photo-reconnaissance squadron, at RAF Gatwick in early June 1944. 268 was then commanded by Sqn.Ldr. Albert S. Mann,DFC, Majumdar's old acquaintance from Burma. In his first operational flight on 10 June 1944, he made a reconnaissance of the Seine River and carried out ground-strafing of enemy targets. His operational tour ended on 20 September. During this period of 100 days Majumdar flew 65 sorties in Mustangs and Hawker Typhoons - he preferred the former to the latter, writing in his diary "She is no lady like the Mustang, but is pretty hot stuff." He successfully completed two outstanding low-level photo-recce missions, one of the bridges over the Seine ("I went through an absolute hail of flak to get photographs of the rail bridge on the Seine at Rouen",he wrote), and another of the Falaise Gap in Normandy. His Falaise photographs were later used by Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery in the Battle of the Falaise Pocket. On one occasion he got shot up and force-landed in enemy territory, but was luckily rescued. The Bar to his DFC was gazetted on 23 January 1945, the citation specifically mentioning the Seine missions. Thus he became the most highly decorated Indian pilot of World War 2.

Because of his superb piloting skills and indomitable spirit, Life magazine featured him in its issue of 15 May 1944 among twelve of the world's most outstanding airmen. His portrait was painted by the artist William Dring, Royal Academy.

Death
For reasons that may not be unconnected to British disinclination to see a senior Indian officer posted at Air Headquarters, Majumdar was posted as Commanding Officer of an air display flight, a job for a flight lieutenant. The flight flew old Hurricanes, and it was transparently clear that he was being sidelined because of his independent views, but Majumdar accepted with good grace. On the afternoon of 17 February 1945, Majumdar took part in a flying display at Walton, near Lahore in a Hawker Hurricane. The aircraft he chose had a past history of snags and malfunction and he was warned by Flying Officer Harjinder Singh. During a dive in the aerobatic routine, the aircraft developed a snag and it crashed headlong into the ground. Majumdar died instantly. He was 31.

The following epitaph appears on the marble headstone of his grave at Lahore:

"Go, passers-by And do if you can as he did A Man's part In defence of liberty."