Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat

Brigadier Simon Christopher Joseph Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat and 4th Baron Lovat, DSO, MC, TD (9 July 1911 in Beaufort Castle, Inverness, Scotland – 16 March 1995 in Beauly, Inverness-shire, Scotland ) was the 25th Chief of the Clan Fraser and a prominent British Commando during the Second World War. His friends called him "Shimi" Lovat, an anglicised version of his name in the Scottish Gaelic language. His clan referred to him as MacShimidh, his Gaelic patronym, meaning Son of Simon. Simon is the favoured family name for the Chiefs of Clan Fraser. While legally the 15th Lord, he is commonly known as the 17th Lord Lovat. He was also 4th Baron Lovat in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Early life
Fraser was the son of the 14th Lord Lovat (commonly known as the 16th Lord), and Laura, daughter of Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale. After being educated at Ampleforth College (where he was a member of the Officer Training Corps) and Magdalen College, Oxford University, where he joined the University's Cavalry Squadron, Fraser was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Lovat Scouts (a Territorial Army unit) in 1930. He transferred to the regular army (still as a second lieutenant) joining the Scots Guards in 1931. The following year, Fraser succeeded his father to become the 15th Lord Lovat (referred to as the 17th Lord Lovat) and 25th Chief of the Clan Fraser. He was promoted lieutenant in August 1934. Lovat resigned his regular commission as a lieutenant in 1937, transferring to the Supplementary Reserve of Officers.

He married Rosamond Broughton (1917-2012), the daughter of Jock Delves Broughton, on 10 October 1938, with whom he had six children. Lord and Lady Lovat lived at Beaufort Castle at Beauly, Inverness-shire.

World War II
Prior to the Second World War, in June 1939, Lord Lovat also resigned his reserve commission. In August, as war approached, Lord Lovat was mobilized as a captain in the Lovat Scouts. The following year he volunteered to join one of the new commando units being formed by the British Army, and was eventually attached to No. 4 Commando. On 3 March 1941, Nos 3 and 4 Commando launched a raid on the German-occupied Lofoten Islands. In the successful raid, the commandos destroyed a significant number of fish-oil factories, petrol dumps and 11 ships. They also seized encryption equipment and codebooks. In addition to the destruction of materials, the commandos captured 216 German troops, and 315 Norwegians chose to accompany the commandos back to Britain.

As a temporary major, Lord Lovat commanded 100 men of No. 4 Commando and a 50-man detachment from the Canadian Carleton and York Regiment in a raid on the French coastal village of Hardelot in April. For this action he was awarded the Military Cross on 7 July 1942. Lord Lovat became an acting lieutenant-colonel in 1942 and was appointed the commanding officer of No. 4 Commando, leading them in a successful component of the abortive Dieppe Raid (Operation Jubilee) on 19 August. His commando attacked and destroyed a battery of six 150 mm guns. Lovat was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The raid as a whole was a disastrous failure with over 4,000 casualties sustained, predominantly Canadian. Yet No. 4 Commando executed its assault, with most men returning safely to Britain.



Lord Lovat eventually became a brigadier and became the commander of the newly formed 1st Special Service Brigade in 1944. Lord Lovat's brigade was landed at Sword Beach during the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944. Lord Lovat reputedly waded ashore donning a white jumper under his battledress, with "Lovat" inscribed into the collar, while armed with a .45-70 Winchester underlever rifle. (The latter claim has not been verified and is disputed; however, in some earlier pictures y/1942 he is seen with a bolt-action .30-06 Winchester M70 sporting rifle).

Lord Lovat instructed his personal piper, Bill Millin, to pipe the commandos ashore, in defiance of specific orders not to allow such an action in battle. When Private Millin demurred, citing the regulations, he recalled later, Lord Lovat replied: “Ah, but that’s the English War Office. You and I are both Scottish, and that doesn’t apply.”

Lovat's forces swiftly pressed on, Lovat himself advancing with parts of his brigade from Sword Beach to Pegasus Bridge, which had been defiantly defended by men of the 2nd Bn the Ox & Bucks Light Infantry (6th Airborne Division) who had landed in the early hours by glider. Lord Lovat's commandos arrived at a little past one p.m. at Pegasus Bridge though the rendezvous time as per the plan was noon. It is a common misconception that they reached almost exactly on time, late by only two and a half minutes. Upon reaching the rendezvous, Lord Lovat apologised to Lieutenant-Colonel Geoffrey Pine-Coffin, of 7th Parachute Battalion. He went on to establish defensive positions around Ranville, east of the River Orne. The bridges were relieved later in the day by elements of the British 3rd Infantry Division.

During the Battle of Breville on 12 June, Lord Lovat was seriously wounded whilst observing an artillery bombardment by the 51st Highland Division. A stray shell fell short of its target and landed amongst the officers, killing Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Johnston, commanding officer of the 12th Parachute Battalion, also seriously wounding Brigadier Hugh Kindersley of the 6th Airlanding Brigade.

Later life
Lord Lovat made a full recovery from the severe wounds he had received in France but was unable to return to the army (he transferred to the reserve in 1949). Winston Churchill requested that he become Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms in the House of Lords; however, Lord Lovat declined the offer and in 1945 joined the Government as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, "becoming responsible for the functions of the Ministry of Economic Warfare when these were taken over by the Foreign Office", resigning upon Winston Churchill's election defeat. In 1946 he was made a Commander of the Venerable Order of Saint John. His formal retirement from the army came on 16 June 1962, he retained the honorary rank of brigadier.

Lord Lovat's involvement in politics continued throughout his life, in the House of Lords and the Inverness County Council. He devoted much of his time to the family estates. He was chieftain of Lovat Shinty Club, the local shinty team which bears his family name. Lord Lovat experienced a great deal of turmoil in his final years; he suffered financial ruin and two of his sons predeceased him in accidents within months of each other. A year before his death, in 1994, the family's traditional residence, Beaufort Castle, was sold.

Piper Bill Millin, Lord Lovat's personal piper who had piped the Commandos ashore on D-Day, played at Lord Lovat's funeral.

Media
The Longest Day, a 1962 film based on the book of the same name, features "Lord Lovat", played by Peter Lawford.

There is some suggestion that the charlatan commando character "Trimmer" in Evelyn Waugh's Sword of Honour trilogy of novels is based on Lovat. `

Family
Simon Christopher Joseph Fraser, Master of Lovat and 15th Lord Lovat (b. 9 Jul 1911 - d. 16 March 1995), was the son and eldest child of Simon Joseph Fraser, 14th Baron Lovat (b. 25 Nov 1871-d. 18 Feb 1933), and the Hon. Laura Lister (b. 12 Jan 1892-d. 24 Mar 1965).

His siblings were:
 * 2 Hon. Magdalen Mary Charlotte Fraser (b. 1 August 1913 - d. 27 September 1969) Died at the age of 56.
 * 3 Sir Hugh Charles Patrick Joseph Fraser (b. 23 Jan 1918 - d. 6 March 1984) Died at the age of 66 from lung cancer.
 * 4 Hon. Veronica Nell Fraser (b. 1920 - d. 27 January 2005) Died at the age of 85.
 * 5 Mary Diana Rose "Rose" Fraser (b. 15 Apr 1926 - d. 31 Aug 1940) Died at the age of 14.

He married Rosamond Delves Broughton on 10 October 1938. They had six children.
 * 1) Simon Augustine Fraser, Master of Lovat [b. 28 August 1939 - d. 26 March 1994] Married Virginia Grose in 1972. They had four children: the Hon. Violet Fraser (b. 1972), the Hon. Honor Fraser (b. 1973), Simon Christopher Joseph Fraser, 16th Lord Lovat (b. 1977), and the Hon. Jack Fraser (b. 1984). Died at the age of 54 of a heart-attack while hunting on the family estate at Beaufort Castle.
 * 2) Hon. Fiona Mary Fraser [b. 6 July 1941] Married Robin Richard Allen in 1982 and have no issue.
 * 3) Hon. Annabel Thérèse ("Tessa") Fraser [b. 15 October 1942] She married her first husband Hugh William Mackay, 14th Baron Reay 14 September 1964 and divorced in 1978. They had 3 children: Æneas Simon Mackay, Master of Reay (b. 20 Mar 1965), the Hon. Laura Mackay (b. 1966), and the Hon. Edward Andrew Mackay (b. 1976). She married her second husband Henry Neville Lindley Keswick in 1985 and have no issue.
 * 4) Hon. Kim Maurice Fraser [b. 4 January 1946] Married Joanna ("Janna") North on 18 Oct 1975 and has 3 sons: Thomas Oswald Mungo Fraser (b. 25 August 1976), Joseph Oscar Edward Fraser (b. 1978), and Maximilian Alexander Kim Fraser (b. 1982). Kim is now married to Sarah, ex-wife of his second cousin Kit Fraser, a descendant of the 12th Lord Lovat.
 * 5) Hon. Hugh Alastair Joseph Fraser [b. 14 November 1947 - d. 20 February 2011] Married Drusilla Jane Montgomerie on 1 May 1976 and had four children: Cosmo Alexander Raoul Fraser (b. 1977), Poppy Augusta Fraser (b. 1979), Raoul Alastair Joseph Fraser (b. 1980), and Eloise Hermione Fraser (b. 1986). Patron of the Royal Scottish Forestry Society. Died of cancer at the age of 63.
 * 6) Hon. Andrew Roy Matthew Fraser [b. 24 Feb 1952 - d. 15 Mar 1994] Married Lady Charlotte Anne Greville (b. 6 Jun 1958) in 1979 and had 2 daughters: Daisy Rosamund Fraser (b. 1985) and Laura Alfreda Fraser (b. 1987). Died at the age of 42 after being fatally gored by buffalo while on safari in Tanzania.

The 15th Lord Lovat's first son and heir Simon Augustine Fraser, Master of Lovat, and fourth son Andrew Fraser predeceased him in 1994 within days of each other. He then died a year later in 1995. The title then passed to his grandson Simon Christopher Fraser, who became the 16th Lord Lovat.