Battle of Courtrai (1918)

The Battle of Courtrai (also known as the Second Battle of Belgium (2ème Bataille de Belgique) and the Battle of Roulers (Bataille de Roulers)) was one of a series of offensives in northern France and southern Belgium that took place in late September and October 1918.

Background
After the Fifth Battle of Ypres and the successful breaking of the Hindenburg Line further south, the Allies conceived a strategy of pursuing the Germans for as long as possible, before movement was stopped by the winter rains. Mud and a collapse of the supply-system had stopped the advance of the Groupe d'Armées des Flandres (G.A.F.) ending the Fifth Battle of Ypres (28 September – 2 October). By mid-October the GAF (comprising twelve Belgian divisions, ten divisions of the British Second Army) and six divisions of the French Sixth Army, under the command of King Albert I of Belgium with the French General Degoutte as Chief of Staff, was ready to resume the offensive.

Battle
The offensive began at 5:35 a.m. on 14 October, with an attack by the GAF from the Lys river at Comines northwards to Dixmude. The British creeping barrage advanced at a rate of 100 yd per minute, much faster and much further than the practice in 1917, in expectation that there would be little resistance from German infantry. By the evening the British forces had reached high ground which dominated Werviq, Menin and Wevelghem in the south; further north the British captured Morslede and closed up to Gulleghem and Steenbeek. Belgian troops on the left reached Iseghem, French troops surrounded Roulers and more Belgian troops captured Cortemarck. Roulers fell the next day and by 16 October the British held the north bank of the Lys up to Harlebeke and had crossed the river at several points. By 17 October Thourout, Ostend, Lille and Douai had been recaptured; Bruges and Zeebrugge fell by 19 October and the Dutch border was reached the following day. The crossing of the Lys and the capture of Courtrai by the British Second Army on 19 October, led to a German retreat on the front of the Fifth Army further south, which encircled Lille on 18 October. Next day the British were in Roubaix and Tourcoing and by the evening of 22 October the British had reached the Scheldt from Valenciennes to Avelghem.

Aftermath
By the time the Armistice had been signed, the front-line had advanced an average of 45 mi and ran from Terneuzen, to Ghent, along the River Scheldt to Ath and from there to Saint-Ghislain where it linked up with the BEF on the Somme.