German submarine U-105 (1940)

German submarine U-105 was a Type IXB U-boat of the Nazi German Kriegsmarine. She was ordered in May 1938 as part of Germany's naval rearmament program. Her keel was laid down in Bremen in November 1938. After roughly seven months of construction, she was launched in June 1940 and formally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine in September 1940.

During her three-year career, U-105 sank 23 vessels for a total loss of 125,470 GRT before being sunk by the Free French Forces off the coast of Dakar (Senegal) in June 1943.

Construction
U-105 was ordered by the German Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938; her keel was laid down on 16 November 1938 by AG Weser in Bremen as Werk 968. She was launched on 15 June 1940 and commissioned on 10 September under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg Schewe.

Design
Like all Type IXB U-boats, U-105 had a total output of 3,281 kW (4,400 hp) when surfaced and 746 kW (1,000 hp) while underwater. As a result, she was capable of travelling at up to 33.9 km/h (18.3 knots) on the surface and 13.5 km/h (7.3 knots) when submerged. She had a range of 44,100 km (22,200 nautical miles) at 19 km/h (10 knots) while on the surface and 219 km (118 nautical miles) at 7.4 km/h (4 knots) when submerged. She was equipped with six torpedo tubes; four in the bow and two in the stern and carried a total of 22 533 mm (21 in) torpedoes. U-105's main deck gun was an Utof 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun with 110 rounds. She was also equipped with 2 cm FlaK 30 and 3.7 cm FlaK 43 anti-aircraft guns.

Service history
Under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg Schewe, U-105 left Kiel on 24 December 1940. She spent 39 days in the North Sea. During this patrol, she sank the British ship Bassano on 9 January 1941, and the Lurigethan, part of Convoy SL-61, on 26 January 1941, totalling 8,407 GRT. Five days later, on 31 January, U-105 arrived at the German-occupied port of Lorient, France, which would remain her home port for the rest of her career.

1941
U-105 left Lorient on her second patrol on 22 February 1941 and underwent a 112-day voyage in the Atlantic Ocean. Along with U-124, she was directed by the Oberkommando der Marine (Supreme naval headquarters), to attack Convoy SL-67. During this attack, U-105 sank the merchant ship Harmodius, on 8 March. Collectively, the two U-boats sank a total of 28,148 tons. U105 then stalked Convoy SL-68, sinking the Medjerda on 18 March, the Mandalika on 19 March and the Clan Ogilvy, the Benwyvis and the Jhelum, all on the 21st. U-105 went on to score Nazi Germany's first kill off the coast of South America when she sank the Ena de Larrinaga on 5 April 1941. Later during the patrol she sank the Oakdene, part of Convoy OG-59. On 6 May, the Benvrackie, part of Convoy OB-312; on the 13th, the Benvenue part of Convoy OB-314 and on the 15th, the Rodney Star on 16 May and the Scottish Monarch on 1 June as part of Convoy OB-319. This was the second most successful U-boat patrol of the entire Second World War, with 12 ships sunk for a total of 71,450 GRT. On 5 May 1941, the 105mm deck gun exploded, wounding six crew members. U-105 returned to Lorient on 13 June, and remained there until 3 August, when she departed on her third war patrol.

On 5 August she was assigned to wolfpack 'Hammer' and remained with it until it was disbanded on 12 August, when she was reassigned to wolfpack 'Grönland', with which she remained until its disbanding on 27 August. She was then assigned to wolfpack 'Margrave', and sank the Panamanian merchant ship Montana, part of Convoy SC-42, on 11 September. She returned to Lorient nine days later. U-105 left Lorient on her fourth patrol on 8 November 1941 and spent 36 days in the North Atlantic. On 14 November she was assigned to wolfpack 'Steuben' and remained with it until 2 December. Having sunk no ships during the patrol, she returned to Lorient on 13 December 1941. Georg Schewe left the boat shortly after this patrol, and was replaced as commander by Heinrich Schuch.

1942
On 25 January 1942 U-105 left Lorient on her fifth patrol. On 31 January she sank the British warship HMS Culver, part of Convoy SL-98, south-west of Ireland, and, on 5 February 1942, she rescued seven men from a crashed German Dornier Do 24 350 miles off the coast of France. U-105 returned to Lorient on 8 February. Seventeen days later, on 25 February, U-105 left Lorient. Between 25 and 27 March, she sank the British merchant ship Narragansett and the Norwegian merchant ship Svenør off the east coast of the United States. U-105 returned to Lorient on 15 April after spending 50 days in the North Atlantic, and left on another patrol on 7 June. While crossing the Bay of Biscay, she was attacked by an Australian Short Sunderland aircraft from No. 10 Squadron RAAF. U-105 sought shelter in El Ferrol, Spain and did not leave until 28 June, when she departed for Lorient, which she reached on the 30th. The attack apparently caused serious damage, as she did not sail again until 23 November. During this period, Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Adolf Schweichel was put in command of the boat, but did not undertake any patrols and was replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Jürgen Nissen, under whose command U-105 left Lorient.

While patrolling the North Atlantic she succeeded in sinking three British merchant ships; the Orfor on 14 December 1942, the C.S. Flight on 12 January 1943, and the British Vigilance, part of Convoy TM-1, on 24 January, as well as the American freighter Cape Decision on the 27th. U-105 returned to Lorient on 14 February, and remained there until 16 March. During this patrol, (on 1 April), the boat's commander, Jürgen Nissen, was promoted to Kapitänleutnant. On 15 May 1943 U-105 sank the Greek merchant ship Maroussio Logothetis 250 miles southwest of Freetown. On 2 June 1943, while passing close to Dakar, U-105 was attacked and sunk by a Potez-CAMS 141 flying boat "Antarés" from Free French Squadron 141. All 53 crew members were killed.

Summary of raiding history
* Sailing vessel