N. G. L. Hammond

Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond CBE, DSO (15 November 1907 – 24 March 2001) was a British scholar of ancient Greece of great accomplishment and an operative for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in occupied Greece during World War II.

Hammond studied classics at Fettes College and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He excelled in his exams and also spent vacations exploring Greece and Albania on foot, acquiring unrivalled knowledge of the topography and terrain, as well as fluency in Albanian. These abilities led him to be recruited by the SOE during World War II in 1940. His activities included many dangerous sabotage missions in Greece (especially on the Greek island of Crete) as well as Albania. As an officer, in 1944 he was in command of the Allied military mission to the Greek resistance in Thessaly and Macedonia regions of Greece. There he came to know those regions thoroughly. He published a memoir of his war service - Venture into Greece in 1983; he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Greek Order of the Phoenix.

In the postwar period, Hammond returned to academia as senior tutor at Clare College, Cambridge. In 1954 he became headmaster of Clifton College, Bristol and in 1962 was appointed professor of Greek at Bristol University, a post which he held until his retirement in 1973. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1968 and the honorary member of Le Centre des Nouvelles études de l´histoire, de la philosophie et des problèmes sociaux à Clermont-Ferrand in 1988.

His scholarship focused on the history of ancient Macedonia and Epirus. He was also editor and contributor to various volumes of the Cambridge Ancient History and the second edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary. He was known for his works about Alexander the Great and for suggesting the relationship of Vergina with Aegae, the ancient Macedonian royal city, before the archaeological discoveries.

Selected works

 * 1) A History of Greece to 322 B.C. (1959)
 * 2) Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas (1967)
 * 3) Migrations and invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas (1976)
 * 4) ed. Atlas of the Greek and Roman World in Antiquity (1981)
 * 5) Philip of Macedon (1994)
 * 6) The Genius of Alexander the Great (1997)
 * 7) The Classical Age of Greece (1999)
 * 8) Poetics of Aristotle: Rearranged, Abridged and Translated for Better Understanding by the General Reader (2001)
 * 9) A History of Macedon Volume I: Historical Geography and Prehistory (1972)
 * 10) A History of Macedon Volume II: 550-336 B.C. (1979)
 * 11) A History of Macedon Volume III: 336-167 B.C. (1988)
 * 12) Alexander the Great. King, Commander, and Statesman
 * 13) History of Macedonia
 * 14) Oxford Classical Dictionary (second edition)
 * 15) The end of Mycenaean Civilization and Dark Age: the literary tradition