HMS Circe (1804)

HMS Circe was a Royal Navy 32-gun fifth-rate Thames-class frigate, built by Master Shipwright Joseph Tucker at Plymouth Dockyard, and launched in 1804. She served in the Caribbean during the Napoleonic Wars, and participated in an action and a campaign for which in 1847 in the Admiralty authorised the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with clasps. The action, off the Pearl Rock, near Saint-Pierre, Martinique, was a debacle that cost Circe dearly. However, she also had some success in capturing privateers and a French brig. She was sold in 1814.

Service
Circe entered service in November 1804 under Captain Jonas Rose, operating off Portugal. On 1 March 1805 she captured the Spanish privateer schooner Fama off Oporto. Fama was armed with four brass guns and had a crew of 62 men. She had left Vigo eight days earlier but had not yet taken any prizes. Circe's crew received headmoney for the 62 men in 1829.

Next, on 21 June, Circe captured the privateer Constance in the Leeward Islands. Constance was armed with 10 guns and had a crew of 75 men. She was just out of Guadeloupe. However, she may have been the same Constance that Circe had earlier captured off the coast of Spain. The Admiralty took her in as the schooner Maria.

On 9 May Circe and HMS Epervier (1803) captured the Charles. Then on 11 September Circe was one of several British warships that shared in the capture of the Hiram.

In 1806, command passed to Hugh Pigot, who took Circe to the West Indies. On 9 December Circe captured the Belle Eliza.

On 2 January 1807 Circe's boats took the privateer Creole, of one gun and 28 men. On 5 April she took the Austerlitz after an 18-hour pursuit. Austerlitz was armed with eighteen 6-pounder guns and had a crew of 125 men. Pigot reported that "This Vessel has done more Mischief to the Trade than any other from Guadaloupe during the War". The British had chased her several times without catching her and she would have escaped this time too had she not sprung her main topsail-yard and fore-top-gallant mast.

Next, Circe was among the British ships sharing in the capture on 20 October 1807 of the Danish schooner Danske Patriot.

In 1808 Circe participated in the blockade of Guadeloupe. In March Pigot took command of a landing party made up of seamen and marines from Circe, HMS Cerberus (1794) and HMS Camilla (1776). They captured Marie Galante after having met no resistance. Neither side suffered any casualties. At some point Circe came under the command of Commander Charles Kerr (acting).

Then on 31 October 1808 Circe encountered a French brig near Diamond Rock. At Circe's approach the brig took shelter under the guns of a battery. Still, after an engagement of no more than 15 minutes, Circe captured the Palinure, which was under the command of M. Fourniers. Palinure was armed with fourteen 24-pounder carronades and two 6-pounder guns. She had 79 men aboard, most of whom were troops from the 83 Regiment. She had lost seven killed and eight wounded; Circe had lost one man killed and one wounded. The guns of the battery were so much higher than the vessels beneath them that they could not bring their guns to bear and fired few, if any shots. Earlier that month Palinure had captured the Cruizer-class brig-sloop HMS Carnation (1807).

On 11 November, Circe, Epervier, and HMS Amaranthe (1804) captured the Intrepid. Nine days later, Amaranthe, Circe, HMS Cherub (1806), Epervier and HMS Unique (1807) captured the American ships Bonetta and Mary and Allen.

Circe's greatest action commenced on 12 December 1808, when under Commander Francis Augustus Collier, Circe was in charge of a squadron that included HMS Stork (1796), Epervier, and HMS Express (1800). The vessels joined together to attack the French 16-gun brig Cygne and two schooners off Saint-Pierre, Martinique. Circe sent in her boats, which the French repelled, causing her 56 casualties, dead, wounded and missing.

That evening Amaranthe, under the command of Captain Edward Pelham Brenton, joined Circe and Stork. The next day fire from Amaranthe compelled the crew of Cygne to abandon her and Amaranthe's boats boarded and destroyed the French vessel. For her part Amaranthe lost one man killed and five wounded due to fire from shore batteries. One schooner ran ashore and was destroyed.

Amaranthe's boats, assisted by boats from the schooner Express, boarded the second schooner and set fire to her too. This expedition cost Amaranthe her sailing master, Joshua Jones, who was severely wounded. The other British vessels that contributed boats also had casualties. Including the losses in the earlier fighting before Amaranthe arrived, the British had lost some 12 men killed, 31 wounded, and 26 missing (drowned or prisoners) for little gain. Brenton was promoted to Post-captain soon after the battle, with the promotion being back dated to 13 December, the date of the battle. In 1847 the Admiralty authorised the award of the NGSM with the clasp "Off the Pearl Rock 13 Decr. 1808".

Circe was in company with HMS Wolverine (1805), HMS Pompee (1793), and HMS Captain (1787) when Wolverine captured the French brig Josephine on 15 January 1809. Then in February Circe was in the squadron that took part in the successful invasion of Martinique. In 1847 the Admiralty authorised the NGSM with clasp "Martinique" to all surviving claimants from the campaign.

On 31 March Circe and HMS Narcissus (1801) captured the Frederique. In mid-April Circe participated in the capture of The Saintes. Circe was also among the vessels sharing in the prize money from Pompee's capture of the Hautpoule on 17 April.

In July, Captain Edward Woolcombe took command. Circe was among the vessels listed as having participated in the ill-fated Walcheren Campaign that took place between 30 July and 10 August. She shared in the proceeds of the property captured at Walcheren and the adjacent islands in the Scheldt.

Woolcombe sailed Circe to the Mediterranean on 17 February 1810. She remained there in 1811 before returning to Portsmouth in July 1812.

Circe sailed for the Leeward Islands on 15 November. There, in company with HMS Forester (1806), she took the American privateer Lovely Lass on 14 May 1813 after a nineteen-hour chase. Lovely Lass was under the command of Mr. John Smith, an officer in the American navy. She had been armed with five guns but had thrown four overboard during the chase. She had a crew of 60 men and had been out for forty days without having made any captures. A later report gave her tonnage as 80 tons and her crew as 73 men. She was from Wilmington and Circe sent her to Kingston.

Four days later Circe captured the American schooner William, of 145 tons and 7 men. She was carrying staves and lumber from Boston to Porto Bello and Circe sent her too to Kingston. The prize court restored the William to her owners and deducted certain expenses of the detention from Circe's prize money for the Lovely Lass.

Fate
In 1814 Circe went into ordinary at Portsmouth. The Admiralty sold her on 20 August 1814 for £1,900.