20th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry

The 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, also known as the "Harvard Regiment", was a regiment of infantry in the American Civil War. The regiment was so nicknamed because the officers of the 20th were young Harvard graduates. In addition some, but not all, the private soldiers had attended Harvard. The 20th was organized at Readville August 29 to September 4, 1861. After training they left Massachusetts for Washington, D. C., September 4. They would fight until the war's conclusion; being mustered out on July 16 and discharged July 28, 1865.

Brigade, divisional and corps attachments
Attached to Ladder's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October, 1861. Lander's Brigade, Stone's (Sedgwick's) Division, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1862. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, to July, 1865.

Battles
With the exception of First Bull Run the 20th participated in all of the major battles and many of the smaller battles fought by the Army of the Potomac. Their baptism of fire occurred at Ball's Bluff on October 21, 1861. Other battles included the Seven Days, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House the Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox Campaign.

Casualties
The 20th regiment lost 17 officers and 243 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded. One officer and 148 enlisted men by disease. Total casualties were 409. The regiment ranks first among Massachusetts regiments and fifth among Union regiments in total casualties.

Notable members

 * Henry L. Abbott
 * William Bartlett
 * Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
 * Norwood "Pen" Hallowell
 * Edward Needles Hallowell
 * William Penrose Hallowell
 * William Lee
 * Major General George Nelson Macy
 * Francis Palfrey
 * Paul Joseph Revere
 * Henry Ropes