Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917

The Imperial Russian Army, short IRA (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, РИА), used particular ranks and rank insignia, oriented to German speaking and Anglophone armed forces. However, the entire ranking system was closely connected to the Russian military historical traditions as well. The successor armed forces, the Red Army, abolished the historically crown ranks and the rank insignia in 1917. Military units engaged in the so-called White movement and in the champagnes of the Russian Civil War used these ranks until the year 1923.

General officers

 * Remark:
 * The abbreviation "OF" stands for de: "Offizier / en: officer / fr: officier / ru: офицер".

Other regiments
Examples pertaining to shoulder straps/ cadet corpus of the Imperial Army are illustrated below.

Ranks and rank insignia, Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy (Российский императорский флот), also regular Russian navy of the Russian Empire, has been established en of the 17th century, under regency of Tsar Peter I. und by personal leadership of Franz Lefort. It existed until the October Revolution in the year 1917. In this connection, in European naval forces at that time common usual ranks and rank insignia have been treated.