Yevgeny Khaldei

Yevgeny Anan'evich Khaldei (23 March 1917 – 6 October 1997) was a Red Army photographer, best known for his World War II photograph of a Soviet soldier Raising a flag over the Reichstag, in Berlin, capital of the vanquished Nazi Germany (1933–45).

Life
Khaldei was born to a Jewish family in Yuzovka (now Donetsk, Ukraine) and was obsessed with photography since childhood, having built his first childhood camera with his grandmother's eyeglasses. He started working with the Soviet press agency TASS at the age of nineteen as a photographer.

He persuaded his uncle to create a gigantic Soviet flag after seeing Joe Rosenthal's photo of the flag raising at Iwo Jima while the Soviet army closed in on Berlin and took it with him to Berlin for the Reichstag shot.

He later took photographs of the Nazis at the Nuremberg Trials and of the Red Army during its offensive in Japanese Manchuria.

Khaldei continued to work in photojournalism after the war as a TASS staff photographer, but was reprimanded in a 1947 evaluation: After returning to peacetime conditions, he failed to develop himself at all, and at the present moment he is considered a passable photojournalist. . . . The reasons for this are several. First, all the praise that was heaped upon him as a military photojournalist finally went to his head, and he rested on his laurels. His growth as a photojournalist stopped. The other reason has to do with Khaldei's cultural level, which is exceptionally low.

In October 1948, Khaldei received notice that he was being let go because of the agency's "staff downsizing." Khaldei himself attributed the firing to anti-Semitism.

Khaldei continued to photograph, now working as a freelance photographer for Soviet newspapers, and focused on capturing the scenes of everyday life. In 1959, he got a job again at the newspaper Pravda, where he worked until he was forced to retire in 1970.

His wartime photographs were collected in a 93-page book, Ot Murmanska do Berlina (From Murmansk to Berlin), published in 1984. Khaldei's international fame dates from the 1990s, when exhibitions of his photographs began to be held in the West.

Works
Khaldei's most renowned photographs were taken when he was a Red Army photographer from 1941 to 1946. Khaldei's photographs emphasised his feelings for the historic moments and his sense of humour. One of the more famous anecdotes was during the Nuremberg Trials, where Hermann Göring was being tried. Khaldei says about the Göring shot:

"When we received orders to leave Nuremberg, I asked an American colleague to photograph me with Göring. Göring remembered that, because of me, he had been hit with a club, and hence he always turned his head aside when I came into the courtroom. When he noticed I wanted to get into the picture with him, he put down his hand in front of his face."

- Khaldei

While Khaldei frequently staged or manipulated his photographs, he insisted that this was to signify the importance and add strength to a particular event. His work was also admired by the elites of the Soviet Union and he is renowned for creating commissioned portraits for State leaders such as Joseph Stalin, Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin.

Red Army Reichstag photo
Khaldei's most famous photo was of a Soviet Red Army soldier raising a flag above the German Reichstag at the end of World War II: the historic defeat of Nazi Germany in a war that cost the Soviet Union twenty millions lives; the magazine Ogonjok published the photograph on 13 May 1945. The Times identified a similar photograph; an adolescent Red Army soldier, Aleksei Kovalyev, holds the Soviet flag atop the Reichstag, flanked by the soldiers, Abdulkhakim Ismailov and Aleksei Goryachev. Ismailov's role in the photograph was identified by Kovalyev in a 1995 television documentary. The Russian government honored Ismailov as a Hero of Russia in 1996.

The celebrated image is a re-enactment of an earlier flag-raising not photographed (the first men in the Reichstag were not in the photograph). The original flag raising was at 10.40 pm on 30 April 1945 when 23-year-old soldier Mikhail Minin climbed the statue to install a flag pole to the Germania's, crown. As that occurred at night, the next day, Nazi soldiers took it down; they were defeated two days later. Finally, on 2 May 1945 photographer Khaldei scaled the Reichstag to take the photograph of two soldiers: Georgian Meliton Kantaria and the Russian Mikhail Yegorov. Later, the photograph was altered to hide evidence of looting (two watches, one on each wrist); later versions contained additional smoke in the sky, and a more visually impressive flag.

Honours and awards

 * Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class
 * Order of the Red Star
 * Medal "For the Defence of Sevastopol"
 * Medal "For the Defence of the Caucasus"
 * Medal "For the Defence of the Soviet Transarctic"
 * Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
 * Medal "For the Victory over Japan"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Berlin"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Königsberg"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"