Richard Hillary

Flight Lieutenant Richard Hope Hillary (20 April 1919 – 8 January 1943) was a Battle of Britain pilot who died during World War II. He is best known for his book The Last Enemy, based upon his experiences during the Battle of Britain.

Early life
Hillary was the son of an Australian government official and was sent to England to be educated at Shrewsbury School and Trinity College, Oxford. Whilst at Oxford, he was secretary of the Oxford University Boat Club and president of the Rugby Club. He rowed in the successful Trinity College VIII of 1938. He joined the Oxford University Air Squadron and RAFVR in 1939.

RAF career
Hillary was called up to the Royal Air Force in October 1939 and in July 1940, having completed his training, he was posted to B Flight, No. 603 Squadron RAF, based at Montrose flying Spitfires. The Squadron moved south to RAF Hornchurch on 27 August 1940 and immediately saw combat. In one week of combat Hillary personally claimed five Bf. 109’s shot down and claimed two more probably destroyed, and one damaged.

Richard Hillary writes about his first experience in a Supermarine Spitfire in The Last Enemy:
 *  The Spitfires stood in two lines outside, 'A' Flight pilots' room. The dull grey-brown of the camouflage could not conceal the clear-cut beauty, the wicked simplicity of their lines. I hooked up my parachute and climbed awkwardly into the low cockpit.  I noticed how small was my field of vision.  Kilmartin swung himself on to a wing and started to run through the instruments.  I was conscious of his voice, but heard nothing of what he said.  I was to fly a Spitfire.  It was what I had most wanted through all the long dreary months of training.  If I could fly a Spitfire, it would be worth it.  Well, I was about to achieve my ambition and felt nothing.  I was numb, neither exhilarated nor scared.  I noticed the white enamel undercarriage handle.  "Like a lavatory plug," I thought.


 * Kilmartin had said, "See if you can make her talk." That meant the whole bag of tricks, and I wanted ample room for mistakes and possible blacking-out.  With one or two very sharp movements on the stick I blacked myself out for a few seconds, but the machine was sweeter to handle than any other that I had flown.  I put it through every manoeuvre that I knew of and it responded beautifully.  I ended with two flick rolls and turned back for home.  I was filled with a sudden exhilarating confidence.  I could fly a Spitfire; in any position I was its master.  It remained to be seen whether I could fight in one.

On 3 September 1940 he had just made his fifth "kill" when he was shot down by a Messerschmitt Bf 109 flown by Hauptmann Helmut Bode of II./JG 26
 * I was peering anxiously ahead, for the controller had given us warning of at least fifty enemy fighters approaching very high. When we did first sight them, nobody shouted, as I think we all saw them at the same moment.  They must have been 500 to 1000 feet above us and coming straight on like a swarm of locusts.  The next moment we were in among them and it was each man for himself.  As soon as they saw us they spread out and dived, and the next ten minutes was a blur of twisting machines and tracer bullets. One Messerschmitt went down in a sheet of flame on my right, and a Spitfire hurtled past in a half-roll; I was leaving and turning in a desperate attempt to gain height, with the machine practically hanging on the airscrew.


 * Then, just below me and to my left, I saw what I had been praying for - a Messerschmitt climbing and away from the sun. I closed in to 200 yards, and from slightly to one side gave him a two-second burst: fabric ripped off the wing and black smoke poured from the engine, but he did not go down.  Like a fool, I did not break away, but put in another three-second burst.  Red flames shot upwards and he spiralled out of sight.  At that moment, I felt a terrific explosion which knocked the control stick from my hand, and the whole machine quivered like a stricken animal.  In a second, the cockpit was a mass of flames: instinctively, I reached up to open the hood.  It would not move. I tore off my straps and managed to force it back; but this took time, and when I dropped back into the seat and reached for the stick in an effort to turn the plane on its back, the heat was so intense that I could feel myself going.  I remember a second of sharp agony, remember thinking "So this is it!" and putting both hands to my eyes.  Then I passed out.

Unable to quickly escape from his burning aircraft, he suffered extensive burns to his face and hands, but did eventually escape the aircraft and bailed out into the North Sea where he was rescued by the Margate lifeboat Lord Southborough (ON 688).


 * Gradually I realized what had happened. My face and hands had been scrubbed and then sprayed with tannic acid.  My arms were propped up in front of me, the fingers extended like witches' claws, and my body was hung loosely on straps just clear of the bed.


 * Shortly after my arrival in East Grinstead, the Air Force plastic surgeon, A.H. McIndoe, had come to see me. Of medium height, he was thick set and the line of his jaw was square.  Behind his horn-rimmed spectacles a pair of tired, friendly eyes regarded me speculatively.


 * "Well," he said, "you certainly made a thorough job of it, didn't you?" He started to undo the dressings on my hands and I noticed his fingers - blunt, captive, incisive.  By now all the tannic had been removed from my face and hands.  He took a scalpel and tapped lightly on something white showing through the red granulating knuckle of my right fore-finger.  "Four new eyelids, I'm afraid, but you are not ready for them yet.  I want all this skin to soften up a lot first."


 * The time when the dressings were taken down I looked exactly like an orang-utan. McIndoe had pitched out two semi-circular ledges of skin under my eyes to allow for contraction of the new lids.  What was not absorbed was to be sliced off when I came in for my next operation, a new upper lip.

Hillary is one of the best known of McIndoe's "Guinea Pig Club", having endured three months of painful surgery in an attempt to fully repair the damage to his hands and face in order to return to combat duty.

Return to flight, and death
Hillary managed to bully himself back into a flying position even though, as it was noted in the officers' mess, he could barely handle a knife and fork. Hillary returned to service with 54 Operational Training Unit at RAF Charterhall after recovering from his injuries.

He died on 8 January 1943 with his radio operator-observer Sgt. Wilfred Fison when he crashed his Bristol Blenheim during a night training flight, the aircraft coming to rest on Crunklaw Farm. It has been alleged that the burn damage to his hands rendered Hillary unfit for active service.

The funeral service of Richard Hope Hillary took place at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 25 January 1943 at 12:30pm followed by cremation at Golders Green Crematorium, where he is commemorated on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission cremation memorial. Hillary's ashes were scattered from a Boston over the English Channel by his former 603 Squadron commanding officer, Wing Commander George Denholm.

Memorial
In 2001 a memorial to Hillary was unveiled at the site of the former RAF Charterhall near Greenlaw, Berwickshire.

Hillary's love affair with Mary Booker which lasted from December 1941 until his death was the subject of Michael Burn's book Richard & Mary (1988)

He is today remembered in his alma mater of Trinity College, Oxford, by an annual literature prize, a portrait outside the college library, and an annual lecture in his honour. This lecture is delivered in the Gulbenkian Lecture Theatre in the English Faculty, Oxford. It has been delivered by Ian McEwan, Philip Pullman, Julian Barnes, Mark Haddon, Jeanette Winterson, Sebastian Faulks and Howard Jacobson. The most recent lecture, by playwright Tom Stoppard, was presented in the Sheldonian Theatre on 13 May 2011.

Works

 * Richard H. Hillary, The Last Enemy ISBN 0-88751-103-1 (1942), German Version: Der letzte Feind. Zürich 1942, Spanish Version: El último enemigo. Barcelona 2012