HMAS Sheean (SSG 77)

HMAS Sheean (SSG 77) is the fifth of six Collins class submarines operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Named for Ordinary Seaman Edward Sheean—the only submarine of the class to be named for an enlisted sailor—the boat was laid down in 1994 and launched in 1999. Sheean and sister boat Dechaineux were modified during construction as part of the "fast track" program—an attempt to fix the problems affecting the Collins class, and put at least two fully operational submarines in service before the last Oberon class submarine was decommissioned.

Construction
Sheean was laid down by Australian Submarine Corporation, on 17 February 1994, launched on 1 May 1999 by Mrs. Ivy Hayes, Teddy Sheean's sister, and commissioned into the RAN on 23 February 2001.

The issues with the Collins class highlighted in the McIntosh-Prescott Report and the pressing need to have combat-ready submarines in the RAN fleet with the pending decommissioning of HMAS Otama, the final Oberon class submarine in Australian service, prompted the establishment of an A$1 billion program to bring Sheean and sister boat Dechaineux up to an operational standard as quickly as possible, referred to as the "fast track" or "get well" program. The fast track program required the installation of reliable diesel engines, fixing the hydrodynamic noise issues with the class by modifying the hull design and propeller, and providing a functional combat system. The original Rockwell International-designed combat system had been cancelled, but because there wasn't enough time to evaluate the replacement system to include it in the "fast track" program, the two submarines were fitted with components from the old Rockwell system, which were augmented by commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software. Even with the enhanced Rockwell system, it was believed that the capabilities of the fast track Collins boats was only equivalent to the Oberons.

On 14 December 2000, Sheean and Dechaineux arrived at HMAS Stirling, following the completion of sea trials.

Sheean was named for Ordinary Seaman Edward "Teddy" Sheean, who manned an Oerlikon and fired on Japanese aircraft attacking the corvette HMAS Armidale (J240), dying when the ship sank. Sheean is the only submarine named after an enlisted sailor.

Characteristics
The Collins class is an enlarged version of the Kockums Västergötland class submarine. At 77.42 m in length, with a beam of 7.8 m and a waterline depth of 7 m, displacing 3,051 tonnes when surfaced, and 3,353 tonnes when submerged, they are the largest conventionally powered submarines in the world. The hull is constructed from high-tensile micro-alloy steel, and are covered in a skin of anechoic tiles to minimise detection by sonar. The depth that they can dive to is classified: most sources claim that it is over 180 m,

The submarine is armed with six 21 in torpedo tubes, and carry a standard payload of 22 torpedoes: originally a mix of Gould Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and UGM-84C Sub-Harpoon, with the Mark 48s later upgraded to the Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System (CBASS) version.

Each submarine is equipped with three Garden Island-Hedemora HV V18b/15Ub (VB210) 18-cylinder diesel engines, which are each connected to a 1,400 kW, 440-volt DC Jeumont-Schneider generator. The electricity generated is stored in batteries, then supplied to a single Jeumont-Schneider DC motor, which provides 7,200 shaft horsepower to a single, seven-bladed, 4.22 m diameter skewback propeller. The Collins class has a speed of 10.5 kn when surfaced and at snorkel depth, and can reach 21 kn underwater. The submarines have a range of 11000 nmi at 10 kn when surfaced, 9000 nmi at 10 kn at snorkel depth. When submerged completely, a Collins class submarine can travel 32.6 nmi at maximum speed, or 480 nmi at 4 kn. Each boat has an endurance of 70 days.

Operational history
The submarine participated in RIMPAC 02, where Sheean was able to penetrate the air and surface anti-submarine screens of an eight-ship amphibious task force, then successfully attacked both the amphibious assault ship USS Tarawa (LHA-1) and the dock landing ship USS Rushmore (LSD-47). During two weeks of combat trials in August 2002, Sheean demonstrated that the class was comparable in the underwater warfare role to the Los Angeles class nuclear-powered attack submarine USS Olympia (SSN-717). The two submarines traded roles during the exercise and were equally successful in the attacking role, despite Olympia being larger, more powerful, and armed with more advanced torpedoes than Sheean.

In 2006, Sheean was presented with the Gloucester Cup for being the RAN vessel with the greatest overall efficiency over the previous twelve months.

Sheean was docked for a long maintenance period in 2008, but workforce shortages and malfunctions on other submarines requiring urgent attention have drawn this out: RAN and ASC officials predicted that she will not be back in service until 2012. The maintenance period ended in late 2012, and Sheean spent the rest of the year working back up to operational status. The submarine was formally returned to service on 23 February 2013.

On 16 July 2013, Sheean was damaged while berthed at the Australian Marine Complex. Combi Dock III, a freighter owned by Dutch company Combi Lift and intended to supply the Gorgon gas project, broke free of moorings during a storm, and drifted into the submarine, causing damage to Sheean's propeller and steering apparatus. Combi Dock III was impounded by the Australian government until 13 September, when Combi Lift agreed to pay for the damages.