459th Air Refueling Wing

The 459th Air Refueling Wing (459 ARW) is an Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the Fourth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland. If mobilized, the Wing is gained by the Air Mobility Command.

Overview
The mission of the 459th Air Refueling Wing is to recruit, train and equip its Citizen Airmen to fly and maintain the KC-135 Stratotanker to help the Air Force protect its interests in air and space power.

The wing, over the years, is a six-time recipient of the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award. There are about 1,200 traditional Reservists stationed at the wing. A full-time civilian and Air Reserve Technician staff of about 230 people provide day-to-day administration and management of the 459th.

Units
The 459th Air Refueling Wing consists of the following major units:
 * 459th Operations Group
 * 756th Air Refueling Squadron
 * 459th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron


 * 459th Maintenance Group
 * 459th Force Support Group

World War II
The World War II predecessor to the 459th Air Refueling Wing was the 459th Bombardment Group (Heavy). Activated as a B-24 Liberator heavy bombardment unit in July 1943; assigned to II Bomber Command for training. Primarily trained in Utah and Arizona received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO) in September 1943. Moved to Massachusetts where the group flew long-range convoy escort missions over the Newfoundland Banks to Long Island Sound, November–December 1943 while station in Italy was being constructed. Deployed to Southern Italy in January 1944; entered combat in February, being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military, industrial and transportation targets in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia, bombing railroad marshalling yards, oil refineries, airdrome installations, heavy industry, and other strategic objectives. Also carried out some support and interdiction operations. Struck bridges, harbors, and troop concentrations in August 1944 to aid the invasion of Southern France. Hit communications lines and other targets during March and April 1945 to support the advance of British Eighth Army and American Fifth Army in northern Italy.

Returned to the United States in August 1945, being programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO) as a B-29 Superfortress Very Heavy Bombardment Squadron. Many combat veterans of MTO demobilized upon arrival in the United States, and a small cadre of personnel reformed at Sioux Falls Army Airfield, South Dakota at the end of August. Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation of unit and assigned personnel being reassigned to other group squadrons or demobilized.

Reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 with B-29s. Trained at Long Beach Army Air Field, California then moving in 1949 to Smoky Hill AFB, Kansas and Barksdale AFB, Louisiana shortly afterward. Activated in 1951 by Second Air Force due to the Korean War, aircraft and personnel being reassigned to Strategic Air Command combat groups deployed to Far East Air Forces; inactivated shortly afterward.

Air Force Reserve
The Reserve flying mission began at Andrews AFB in the summer of 1954, when the 756th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated and equipped with the C-46 aircraft. Nearly 8 months later, the unit had grown enough to activate its parent organization, the 459th Troop Carrier Group (formerly 459th Bombardment Group) and its parent the 459th Troop Carrier Wing. Later that year, another squadron, the 757th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated at Byrd Field, Richmond, Virginia and assigned to the Group. A third flying unit, the 758th Troop Carrier Squadron, was added in 1957 and equipped with the C-119 "Flying Boxcar" at Greater Pittsburgh Airport, Pennsylvania. In November 1957, the 757th relocated from Byrd Field to Youngstown Municipal Airport, Ohio.

On 1 July 1966, the 459th was redesignated 459th Military Airlift Wing and converted to a strategic, long-range mission with the C-124 "Globemaster" aircraft.

In June 1971, the 459th converted to the C-130 "Hercules" and was redesignated as the 459th Tactical Airlift Wing. In December 1974, with the consolidation of all Air Force strategic and tactical airlift resources under a single manager, the 459th's active duty gaining command switched from Tactical Air Command to Military Airlift Command.

In July 1986, the Wing converted to the Lockheed C-141B "Starlifter" aircraft. The conversion resulted in an increase of Wing personnel at Andrews from 900 to a level of almost 1,600.

Modern era


In 1989 a 459th C-141 was the first aircraft to fly troops and supplies into Howard Air Base, Panama during Operation Just Cause; the following year the wing was named the Air Force Reserve Outstanding Unit of the Year by the Air Force Association. In August, 1990 wing aircrews were some of the first reservists activated in Support of Operation Desert Shield and many additional members were called to active service at the start of Operation Desert Storm with many deployed through the summer of 1991.

In 1993, the 459th continued to support Operation Restore Hope and mobilized members in support of the operations in Somalia. The wing provided humanitarian airlift relief in Rwanda and in support of the Cuban refugees at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In addition, 459th personnel supported Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti as well as various other significant missions around the globe.

The 459th has been engaged in the Global War on Terrorism since September 2001. As a result of these operations, the Wing has participated in places around the globe to include: Iraq, Afghanistan, Qatar, Cuba, Bosnia, Kosovo, Turkey and Guam. Re-designated in 2003 as an air refueling wing; equipped with KC-135Rs.

Lineage

 * Established as 459th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
 * Activated on 1 July 1943
 * Re-designated 459th Bombardment Group, Heavy, on 20 August 1943
 * Inactivated on 28 August 1945


 * Re-designated 459th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy, on 11 March 1947
 * Activated in the Reserve on 19 April 1947
 * Re-designated 459th Bombardment Group, Medium, on 27 June 1949.
 * Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
 * Inactivated on 16 June 1951


 * Established as 459th Troop Carrier Wing, Medium on 30 December 1954
 * Group element re-designated as 459th Troop Carrier Group, Medium, on 30 December 1954 (Remained inactive)
 * Activated in the Reserve on 26 January 1955
 * 459th Troop Carrier Group, Medium re-activated in the Reserve and assigned as subordinate unit
 * Group element inactivated 14 April 1959
 * Re-designated: 459th Military Airlift Wing on 1 July 1966
 * Re-designated: 459th Tactical Airlift Wing on 29 June 1971
 * Group element re-designated 459th Tactical Airlift Group on 31 July 1985 (Remained inactive)
 * Re-designated: 459th Military Airlift Wing on 1 July 1986
 * Re-designated: 459th Airlift Wing on 1 February 1992
 * Group element re-designated 459th Operations Group and re-activated in the Reserve on 1 August 1992
 * Re-designated: 459th Air Refueling Wing on 1 October 2003

Assignments

 * Second Air Force, 1 July 1943
 * First Air Force, 31 October 1943
 * Fifteenth Air Force
 * 304 Bombardment Wing, 25 January 1944


 * Continental Air Forces
 * Second Air Force, 13–28 August 1945
 * 304 Bombardment Wing (later, 304th Air Division), 19 April 1947


 * Strategic Air Command
 * Eighth Air Force, 27 June 1949
 * Fifteenth Air Force, 1 April 1950 – 16 June 1951
 * First Air Force, 26 January 1955
 * Fourteenth Air Force, 25 March 1958
 * Second Air Force Reserve Region, 15 August 1960
 * First Air Force Reserve Region, 24 June 1966
 * Eastern Air Force Reserve Region, 31 December 1969
 * Fourteenth Air Force, 8 October 1976


 * Air Force Reserve Command
 * Twenty-Second Air Force, 1 July 1993
 * Fourth Air Force, 1 April 2003 –Present

Components

 * Groups
 * 459th Troop Carrier (later, 459th Operations) Group: 26 January 1955 – 14 April 1959; 1 August 1992 – present
 * 904th Troop Carrier (later, 904th Military Airlift) Group: 1 July 1966 – 26 January 1968; 2 June – 31 December 1969
 * 905th Military Airlift (later, 905th Tactical Airlift) Group: 25 February 1972 – 1 April 1974.
 * 907th Tactical Airlift (later, 907th Airlift) Group: 1 October 1989 – 1 October 1994
 * 909th Troop Carrier (later, 909th Military Airlift) Group: 17 January 1963 – 1 September 1975
 * 910th Troop Carrier (later, 910th Tactical Fighter; 910th Tactical Airlift) Group: 17 January 1963 – 1 July 1966; 1 April 1981 – 1 October 1989.
 * 911th Troop Carrier (later, 911th Military Airlift) Group: 17 January 1963 – 21 April 1971 (detached 1–21 April 1971)
 * 913th Tactical Airlift (later, 913th Airlift) Group: 8 January 1976 – 1 August 1992.
 * 915th Military Airlift Group: 26 January 1968 – 1 September 1969.
 * 918th Military Airlift Group: attached 1–20 April 1971, assigned 21 April 1971 – 1 July 1972
 * 919th Military Airlift (later, 919th Tactical Airlift) Group: 30 July 1971 – 1 December 1974
 * 920th Tactical Airlift Group: 25 April 1973 – 1 January 1976
 * 927th Tactical Airlift Group: 15 March 1976 – 1 July 1981.


 * Squadrons
 * 57th Fighter Squadron: 15 May 1947 – 27 June 1949
 * 756th Bombardment (later Troop Carrier, Airlift, Air Refueling) Squadron: 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 19 April 1947 – 26 June 1949; 26 January 1955 – 17 January 1963; 1 September 1975 – present
 * 757th Bombardment (later Troop Carrier) Squadron: 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 8 April 1955 – 17 January 1963
 * 758th Bombardment (later Troop Carrier) Squadron: 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 16 November 1957 – 17 January 1963
 * 759th Bombardment Squadron: 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 16 June 1951

Stations

 * Alamogordo AAFld, New Mexico, 1 July 1943
 * Davis-Monthan Fld, Arizona, 28 July 1943
 * Kearns Army Airfield, Kearns, Utah, c. 31 August 1943
 * Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, c. 21 September 1943
 * Westover Fld, Massachusetts, 31 October 1943 – 3 January 1944


 * Giulia Airfield, Italy, c. 12 February 1944 – c July 1945
 * Sioux Falls AAF, South Dakota, c. 16–28 August 1945
 * Long Beach AAF, California, 19 April 1947
 * Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona, 27 June 1949 – 16 June 1951
 * Andrews AFB, Maryland, 26 January 1955-Present

Aircraft

 * B-24 Liberator, 1943-1945
 * C-46 Commando, 1955-1957
 * C-119 Flying Boxcar, 1957-1967
 * C-124 Globemaster II, 1966-1972
 * RC-130 Hercules, 1971-1973


 * C-130 Hercules, 1971-1986
 * C-7 Caribou, 1972
 * C-141 Starlifter, 1986-2003
 * KC-135 Stratotanker, 2003 – present