Kostrad

Kostrad (Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat: "Army Strategic Reserve Command") is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops. It also supervises operational readiness among all commands and conducts defense and security operations at the strategic level in accordance with policies of the TNI commander.

As a corps, Kostrad is commanded by a Panglima (Commander-in-Chief), usually a lieutenant general. Kostrad falls under the army chief of staff for training, personnel, and administration. However, it comes under the Commander-in-Chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces for operational command and deployment.

Starting 1984 the Panglima of Kostrad (Pangkostrad) has been charged to lead the conduct of combat operations, called defense and security operations.

History
Kostrad came into being during military action for Indonesia's take over of Western New Guinea in 1960, and was formally constituted on 6 March 1961. Initially designated the Army General Reserve Corps, its name was changed to Kostrad in 1963.

General Suharto, was appointed as the first head of Kostrad in 1961, and it was in this role that he was able assert the army's control in the days following the abortive coup attempt on the evening of 30 September 1965, which ultimately led to Suharto replacing Sukarno as Indonesian president.

The command's troops have fought in most Indonesian military operations since their formation, such as G-30-S/PKI (30 September Movement/Indonesian Communist Party), Trisula, the PGRS (Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force) in Sarawak, the PARAKU (North Kalimantan People's Force) in North Kalimantan, and Operation Seroja in East Timor.

Kostrad troops have also been used beyond Indonesia's borders, as was the case with Garuda Contingent in Egypt (1973–78) and Vietnam (1973–75) and with those in the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group in the midst of the Iran–Iraq War of 1989 and 1990.

Strength
Kostrad had a strength of 27,000 in 1998 and its primary components consist of two infantry divisions.

There were as of early 1998 a total of 33 airborne and infantry battalions within Kostrad. Each division contained three infantry and/or airborne brigades; an armoured battalion; cavalry reconnaissance company; field artillery regiment of three battalions; air defence artillery battalion; combat engineer battalion; supply and transportation battalion; medical battalion; signal company; military police company; field maintenance company; and a personnel and administrative detachment.


 * Infantry Division 1 Kostrad, headquartered at Cilodong, West Java
 * Infantry Division 2 Kostrad, headquartered at Malang, East Java
 * 3rd Airborne Infantry Brigade (Ujung Pandang)(Former Kopassus 3 Group)

There have been several reports that a third division was to be formed for KOSTRAD, for example in an announcement by then KOSTRAD commander Lieutenant General Hadi Waluyo on 16 March 2005. Waluyo's announcement indicated that the new division was to be formed around the 3rd Airborne Infantry Brigade, which would be shifted to a new site in Papua once the expansion programme had advanced further. However, despite this and other announcements, no third division has yet been established.

List of Kostrad Commanders
Many Kostrad commanders have gone on to very senior Indonesian posts. Suharto became President; General Rudini became Minister of Home Affairs; General Wismoyo is married to the sister of Suharto's late wife; and Lieutenant General Tarub became the armed forces' Chief of the General Staff.


 * Suharto (March 1961 – December 1965)
 * Umar Wirahadikusumah (December 1965 – May 1967)
 * Kemal Idris May 1967 – March 1969
 * Wahono (March 1969 – February 1970)
 * Makmun Murod (February 1970 – December 1971)
 * Wahono (December 1971 – March 1973)
 * Poniman (March 1973 – May 1974)
 * Himawan Susanto (May 1974 – January 1975)
 * Leo Lopulisa (January 1975 – January 1978)
 * Wiyogo Atmodarminto (January 1978 – March 1980)
 * Ismail (March 1980 – January 1981)
 * Rudini (January 1981 – May 1983)
 * Suweno (May 1983 – January 1986)
 * Suripto (January 1986 – August 1987)
 * Adolf Sagala Rajagukguk (August 1987 – March 1988)
 * Sugito (March 1988 – August 1990)
 * Wismoyo Arismunandar (August 1990 – July 1992) (Becoming KSAD, TNI Army Chief of Staff)
 * Kuntara (July 1992 – September 1994)
 * Tarub (September 1994 – April 1996)
 * Wiranto (April 1996 – June 1997) (Becoming KSAD, TNI Army Chief of Staff)
 * Sugiyono (June 1997 – March 1998)
 * Prabowo Subianto (March 1998 – May 1998)
 * Johnny J. Lumintang (May 1998/12 hours)
 * Djamari Chaniago (May 1998 – November 1999)
 * Djaja Suparman (November 1999 – March 2000)
 * Agus Wirahadikusumah (March 2000 – August 2000)
 * Ryamizard Ryacudu (August 2000 – July 2002) (Becoming KSAD, Army Chief of Staff)
 * Bibit Waluyo (July 2002 – November 2004)
 * Hadi Waluyo (November 2004 – May 2006)
 * Erwin Sujono (May 2006 – September 2007)
 * George Toisutta (September 2007) (Becoming KSAD, Army Chief of Staff)
 * Burhanuddin Amin (February 2010- September 2010)
 * Pramono Edhie Wibowo (September 2010-August 2011) (Becoming KSAD, Army Chief of Staff)
 * Azmyn Yusri Nasution (August 2011-March 2012)
 * Muhammad Munir (March 2012-May 2013)
 * Gatot Nurmantyo (May 2013-recent)