540th Combat Crew Training Wing

The 540th Combat Crew Replacement Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last active in 1946 at Colorado Springs, assigned to Continental Air Forces.

Prewar
The 16th Bombardment Wing was first activated at Langley Field, Virginia in 1940 as part of the expansion of the Air Corps expansion in response to the war in Europe (Woodring Plan). It moved to Bowman Field, Kentucky in the spring of 1941. However, it apparently it did not have sufficient personnel for effective training and operations. It was inactivated in September 1941 and its personnel and equipment and mission transferred to the 5th Air Support Command.

Phase Training Unit
The wing was again activated on 23 June 1942 at Wendover Field, Utah replacing the inactivating 102nd Bombardment Wing (Provisional). The 16th Wing was responsible for the supervision and control of the operational training of heavy bombardment groups (Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator) during the second phase of their operational training. The 16th Wing inherited control from the 102nd Wing of Walla Walla Army Air Field, Ephrata Army Air Field and Geiger Field in Washington; Muroc Army Air Field in California as well as Wendover. The 16th Wing controlled the training of the following units, which on completion moved to the 17th Bombardment Wing for third phase training.
 * Jul 1942: 91st Bombardment Group, 303rd Bombardment Group, 305th Bombardment Group and 306th Bombardment Group.
 * Aug 1942: 96th Bombardment Group.
 * Aug-Sep 1942: 307th Bombardment Group and 302nd Bombardment Group.
 * Sep-Oct 1942: 88th Bombardment Group and 95th Bombardment Group.
 * Oct 1942: 2nd Bombardment Group, 99th Bombardment Group, 100th Bombardment Group, 304th Bombardment Group and 308th Bombardment Group.

Two groups, the 330th Bombardment Group at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico and the 331st Bombardment Group at Casper Army Air Field, Wyoming provided second phase training to Replacement Combat Crews.

Operational Training Unit
On 2 November 1942, the Second Air Force reorganized its bombardment training. From that date each Bombardment Wing controlled a bombardment group from its organization until completion of training. The wing also assumed responsibility for training replacement combat crews. With this reorganization the 16th Wing now controlled Operational Training Units (OTUs) at Clovis Army Air Field, New Mexico, Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona; Kearney Army Air Field, Nebraska and Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico It also was assigned Replacement Control Centers (RCCs) at Pueblo Army Air Field, Colorado and Biggs Field, Texas. It was assigned the following groups to provide training:
 * 39th Bombardment Group at Davis-Monthan Field, Tucson, Arizona: parent group, First Phase OTU.
 * 302nd Bombardment Group at Pueblo AAB, Colorado: parent group, First Phase Training RCC.
 * 330th Bombardment Group at Alamogordo AAFld, New Mexico: Second Phase OTU.
 * 330th Bombardment Group at Biggs Field, El Paso, Texas: Second Phase RCC.
 * 333d Bombardment Group at Topeka AAF, Kansas: Third Phase Training RCC.

In May 1945 the wing mission changed to very heavy bombardment group training (Boeing B-29 Superfortress), which lasted until operations ceased in late 1945. It moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where it was a paper unit until inactivating in 1946.

Lineage

 * Constituted as 16th Bombardment Wing on 19 October 1940
 * Activated on 18 December 1940
 * Inactivated on 1 September 1941


 * Activated on 23 June 1942
 * Redesignated 16th Bombardment Training Wing in January 1943
 * Redesignated 16th Bombardment Operational Training Wing in April 1943
 * Redesignated 16th Bombardment Operational Training Wing, Very Heavy in May 1945


 * Inactivated on 9 April 1946
 * Disbanded on 8 October 1948
 * Reconstituted on 31 July 1985 and redesignated 540th Combat Crew Training Wing (not active)

Assignments

 * First Air Force: 18 December 1940 – 1 September 1941
 * Second Air Force: 23 June 1942 – 8 April 1946

Stations

 * Langley Field, Virginia, 18 December 1940
 * Bowman Field, Kentucky, March 1941 - 1 September 1941
 * Wendover Field, Utah, 23 June 1942
 * Biggs Field, Texas, November 1942
 * Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, c. 1 June 1943
 * Biggs Field, Texas, October 1943
 * Colorado Springs, Colorado, December 1945 - 9 April 1946

Components

 * 45th Bombardment Group: 15 January 1941 - 21 August 1941
 * 46th Bombardment Group: 15 January 1941 - 1 September 1941
 * See above for 1942–1944. After 1944 assigned various AAF Base Units.

Commanders

 * Brig. Gen. Junius W. Jones, c. Apr-c. 1 Sept. 1941
 * Col. Ernest H. Lawson, 23 Jun 1942
 * Brig. Gen. Robert B. Williams, 4 Apr 1943
 * Col. Walter R. Agee, May 1943
 * Brig. Gen. Newton Longfellow, 11 Oct 1943
 * Col. Claude E. Duncan, c. 25 Nov 1945-unknown

Campaigns

 * [[Image:Streamer AC.PNG|325px]]
 * American Theater of World War II