Israeli MIAs



Israeli MIA are members of the Israel Defense Forces who are missing in action. Despite efforts to locate them and bring them home, their whereabouts remain unknown.

IDF prisoners of war
During the Israeli War of Independence, defenders of a few communities were captured and forced to surrender to the enemy. Among others were soldiers from Gush Etzion and defenders the Jewish quarter.

In the Yom Kippur War 301 Israelis were captured by Syria and Egypt, 232 of who by the Egyptians, 65 by the Syrians and 4 by the Lebanese. The majority of them were captured in the first stage of that war. Some Israeli soldiers reported after their release about the difficult conditions they faced: they were severely beaten by their captors, sometimes making them unconscious, while many reported that they were being investigated under torture.

IDF soldiers taken prisoner by Arab paramilitary groups are often treated particularly harshly and their release is sometimes delayed for years, due to the difficulty in negotiating with these organizations. There are considerable differences in terminology between the parties - the Israeli media refers to them as "kidnapped soldiers", while the Arab media are calls them "captives" or occasionally "prisoners of war".

Known Israeli MIAs

 * Zeev Rotshik, who has been missing in action since October 10, 1973.
 * A tank crew declared missing after the Battle of Sultan Yacoub in Lebanon on June 12, 1982: Zechariah Baumel, Tzvi Feldman and Yehuda Katz.
 * Ron Arad, an IDF F-4 Phantom II navigator, was lost over Lebanon on October 16, 1986.
 * Guy Hever disappeared on duty in the Golan Heights on August 17, 1997.

Procedure and guidelines
IDF soldiers are told to completely avoid providing any information to captors, besides their basic identification information, however this has failed many times due to extreme pressures.

According to Reuben Yardor, a military intelligence leader of the Yom Kippur War, the automatic assumption they made was that all that's known to their captured soldiers is also known to the captors.

Several publicized stories of Israeli prisoners of war were:

Other who were able to be silent during their investigation include Uri Ilan and Avi Nir.
 * Corporal Uri Ilan, undercover soldier in the Golani Brigade who committed suicide in a Syrian prison in 1955, and left a note in which he wrote "I did not betray."
 * Lieutenant Colonel Avi Nir, fighter pilot fallen in captivity during the Yom Kippur War, died in captivity while he declined to provide his captors secrets. After his death, he was awarded the Medal of Courage, for "[He] was tortured to death by investigators and but did not reveal any information. Doing so shows of loyalty and supreme sacrifice."
 * Lieutenant Amos Levinberg, intelligence officer taken captive by the Syrians in the beginning the Yom Kippur War, and gave his captors a lot of information.

Efforts to release MIAs and legacy
In some cases, the IDF initiated plans of capturing hostages, to speed up the release of their captured prisoners.

When it became possible, the IDF military rescue operation team went on secret missions. A notable one was the failed rescue attempt of Nachshon Waxman on October 14, 1994, where he was killed along with Nir Poraz, one of the rescuers.

Israel's official policy is not to release convicted terrorists for the release of abducted civilians or soldiers. In practice this policy has not been implemented since the Menachem Begin's presidency, as Israel showed willingness to secure the release its MIAs (and in some cases of soldiers' remains) in exchange for a large number of Arab security prisoners held by Israel, even those who have killed Israeli civilians, and has done so in multiple occasions.

Garden of the Missing in Action
A memorial garden to the Israeli Missing in Action is located in the National Military and Police Cemetery on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.