525th Fighter Squadron

The 525th Fighter Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 3d Operations Group and stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.

Overview
The combat-ready fighter squadron is prepared for rapid worldwide deployment of a squadron of F-22A Raptor aircraft to accomplish precision engagement of surface targets using a wide variety of conventional air-to-surface munitions. The 525th FS trains in the fighter missions of strategic attack, interdiction, offensive counterair (air-to-surface), suppression of enemy air defenses, as well as offensive and defensive counterair (air-to-air).

World War II
The 525th Fighter Squadron originally activated during World War II as the 309th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 10 February 1942, to support Allied Forces in the European Theater of Operations. The squadron began training for operations at Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma, and was assigned to the 86th Bombardment Group.

In August 1942, the squadron transferred to Key Field, Mississippi, to start flight training in the Douglas A-20 Havoc. A month later, the squadron was redesignated the 309th Bombardment Squadron (Dive). By year's end, the squadron started the transition to two new combat aircraft types, the Vultee A-31 Vengeance and the North American A-36 Apache. The squadron achieved combat ready status on 19 March 1943.

Ready to support the war effort, the 309th Bombardment Squadron boarded the SS John Erickson in April 1943. Twelve days after its departure from the United States, the squadron landed at La Senia, Algeria. The 309th moved to Mediouna, French Morocco, on 15 May 1943; Marnia, French Morocco, on 3 June 1943; and to Tafaraoui, Algeria on 11 June 1943. This is where the squadron acquired its first combat experience on 6 July 1943. On the squadron's first day of combat, it struck enemy entrenchments in Sicily, softening enemy resistance for General George S. Patton's invading 7th Army. Following the invasion, the 309th Bombardment Squadron set up its operations in Gela, Sicily, on 20 July 1943, and to Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Sicily, on 27 July 1943, to support the Allied campaign, known as Naples-Foggia, against the West Coast of Italy.

The 309th Bombardment Squadron was redesignated as the 525th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 23 August 1943. While in Italy, the 525th moved several more times while participating in the Rome-Arno campaign. Bases for the 525th included Italian airfields at Sele, Serretella, and Pomigliano in 1943. During 1944, the squadron operated from Marcianise, Ciampino, Orbetello, Grosseto, Italy and Poretta, Corsica. Two of the more famous battles during the Italian campaigns were Salerno and Cassino. The 525th Fighter-Bomber Squadron figured prominently in these battles, providing air support to Allied ground forces.

In 1944, the 525th transitioned to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt. Along with the new aircraft the 525th was redesignated the 525th Fighter Squadron on 30 May 1944. In February 1945, the squadron moved to Tantonville, France, to fly missions against Germany. Two months later it moved into Germany, establishing its headquarters at Braunschardt on 18 April 1945. The 525th flew its last combat mission on 8 May 1945, and postwar the headquarters moved to Schweinfurt on 23 October 1945.

Cold War
The 525 FS was administratively moved to Bolling Field, Washington D.C., on 23 October 1945, as it awaited the realignment of U.S. Forces under the Status of Forces Agreements at the end of World War II. The 525th FS was temporarily inactivated on 31 March 1946.

It was reactivated on 20 August 1946, at Nordholz Airbase, Germany, again flying the P-47 Thunderbolt. The squadron made three more moves in Germany; to Lechfeld on 13 November 1946, Bad Kissingen on 5 March 1947, and then to Neubiberg Air Base on 12 June 1947, where the squadron was the closest operational Air Force unit to the Iron Curtain. On 20 January 1950, the 525th Fighter Squadron was redesignated the 525th Fighter-Bomber Squadron. In October 1950, the squadron transitioned to its first jet aircraft, the Republic F-84E Thunderjet and operated under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program. As a part of MDAP, the 525th trained pilots and ground crews of many European and Middle Eastern countries.

The 525th FBS moved to Landstuhl, Germany (later called Ramstein Air Base), on 20 November 1952, where it transitioned to the North American F-86 Sabre. The F-86 was Europe's first all-weather fighter-interceptor, and the 86th Fighter Group was the first to fly it in Europe. The 525th first flew the F-86F Sabre on 14 April 1953. Flying the F-86 in the air defense role, the 525th was redesignated as the 525th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 9 August 1954.

In 1957, the squadrons of the 86th Group were dispersed throughout Europe to provide better air defense coverage and reduce vulnerability to attack. On 12 February 1957, the squadron moved to Bitburg Air Base, Germany. The 525th was the only squadron at Bitburg to maintain air defense alert for the next 20 years.

The 525th received its first Convair F-102 Delta Dagger in February 1959 and was selected to represent the U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) at the 1959 William Tell competition. Although new to its aircraft, the 525th took the lead in the competition and held it until the last event when it was nosed out by a few points.

In 1965, 1967, and 1971 the 525th was chosen as the Sector III representative to the NATO Air Superiority Competitions. In each competition, the squadron made an outstanding showing, winning the Guynemeyer Trophy for the best sector performance in 1971.

The 525th officially became part of the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing on 1 November 1968. On 1 October 1969, the squadron was redesignated the 525th Tactical Fighter Squadron. Still maintaining two aircraft on 24-hour air defense alert status, the 525th's new mission now included close air support and limited nuclear air-to-ground delivery. Additionally, on 16 November 1969, the 525th became the first squadron in Germany to fly the McDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II. The 525th was subsequently nominated by USAFE for the Hughes Trophy in 1969.

In 1970 and 1971, the 525th was awarded the Allied Forces Central Europe Scroll of Honor. This prestigious award for "outstanding operational achievement" was given for twice consecutively earning the coveted rating of "1" on tactical evaluations by the Allied Air Forces Central Europe. In 1974, the 525th was nominated by USAFE again for the Hughes trophy, and received a commendable citation in a close finals competition. That year the squadron established Dissimilar Air Combat Tactics (DACT) training with the Northrop F-5 aggressor squadron at RAF Alconbury, England. Later, the squadron was the first in USAFE to establish DACT programs with non-aggressor and non-USAF adversaries. The 525th was chosen to be the first squadron in Europe to fly the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle.

525th pilots flew the first 23 F-15 Eagles to Europe on 27 April 1977 during a historic, non-stop deployment from Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, to Bitburg Air Base, Germany. Operation Ready Eagle became a success when, 18 hours after arrival at Bitburg, the squadron's pilots were sitting five-minute alert status with two of the F-15s. After less than one month on station, the Bullfrogs were declared Europe's first operationally ready F-15 squadron on 26 May 1977.

In 1978, the 525th was featured as part of the McDonnell Douglas film, "Eagles in Defense of Europe." In October 1979, the 525th flew the first training missions at the new Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation range at Decimomannu Air Base, Sardinia, Italy. In 1984, the squadron participated in an exchange with the French Air Force, sending six F-15s to Orange-Caritat Air Base, France, in exchange for four Mirage F-1 aircraft. The French pilots flew for several weeks with the 525th and operated out of 525 TFS operations facilities at Bitburg. In 1986, and again in 1987, the 525th deployed to Morocco and set up bare base operations at Sidi Sliminc. The 525th lived and functioned for four weeks out of tents and flew its missions with F-1 and F-5 aircraft from Morocco. In November 1988, the 525th won USAFE's Excalibur air-to-air weapons competition. In April 1989, the squadron set a wing record for the most sorties in one month, flying 678 sorties, with 14 aircraft, while deployed to Decimomannu Air Base, Italy.

Gulf War
In August 1990, Iraqi military forces attacked and occupied the nation of Kuwait, precipitating the Gulf War. As a result the 525 TFS deployed to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, in December 1990. When the squadron arrived at Incirlik it joined American General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcons from Spain, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvarks from England, Wild Weasels from Germany, Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers from Texas, and Boeing E-3 Sentry and other electronic combat support aircraft from around the world. These units, deployed to Incirlik Air Base, formed the 7440th Combat Wing (Provisional) - the U.S. Air Force's first composite wing.

On the night of 17 January 1991, the squadron flew its first strike against Iraq. On 19 January 1991, two 525th pilots used AIM-7 Sparrow radar missiles to destroy two Iraqi Mirage F-1s. During the next six weeks, until the cease-fire, the 525th flew around the clock, protecting two strikes per day and one strike each night. These strikes targeted military airfields, nuclear and chemical facilities, communications centers, power plants, and oil refineries and storage facilities in northern Iraq. By the middle of February, the 525th was attacking Baghdad. In addition to protecting strike aircraft, the 525th was frequently tasked to man barrier Combat Air Patrols in eastern Iraq to destroy Iraqi fighters attempting to flee to Iran. These missions, often lasting in excess of five hours, required the squadron to operate more than 150 miles behind enemy lines without any support assets.

The squadron flew 1,329 combat sorties for a total of 3,550 combat hours during operations against Iraq. The squadron shot down six enemy aircraft without losing any of its own aircraft. On 13 March 1991, the 525th returned to Bitburg. The squadron deployed back to Incirlik AB on 5 April 1991 to support Operation Provide Comfort.

Following the war against Iraq, numerous Kurdish refugees fled northward from the remaining forces of Saddam Hussein. The United States initiated a vast airlift operation, named Operation Provide Comfort, to drop food and supplies to these refugees concentrated in Iraq along the Turkish border. Because tensions between the Iraqi and Allied forces in the area remained quite high, the 525th was called back to Turkey in April 1991 to protect the vulnerable Allied cargo aircraft. In addition, the 525th was tasked, as part of the operation, to fly at low altitude over Iraq and provide intelligence updates of Iraqi troop and equipment locations.

Between 5 April and 25 May 1991, the 525th flew 285 sorties over Iraq in support of Operation Provide Comfort without a single Allied aircraft being lost in Iraq due to hostile fire.

Recent Events
The 525th deployed to Leeuwarden Air Base, Netherlands, during October 1991. In December 1991, the Bulldogs deployed to RAF Bentwaters, England, to train on the new North Sea Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation range. The final weapons training deployment for the 525th TFS was at Leeuwarden Air Base, Netherlands, from 16–27 March 1992.

The 525 TFS inactivated at Bitburg AB on 1 April 1992. After 15 years of inactivation, Pacific Air Forces redesignated and activated the 525th Fighter Squadron at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, on 29 October 2007. The 525th Fighter Squadron is now armed with the Air Force's newest fighter aircraft, the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor.

Lineage

 * Constituted 309th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 13 January 1942
 * Activated on 10 February 1942
 * Re-designated: 309th Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 3 September 1942
 * Re-designated: 525th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 23 August 1943
 * Re-designated: 525th Fighter Squadron on 30 May 1944
 * Inactivated on 31 March 1946


 * Activated on 20 August 1946
 * Re-designated: 525th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 20 January 1950
 * Re-designated: 525th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 9 August 1954
 * Re-designated: 525th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 1 October 1969
 * Inactivated on 31 March 1992


 * Re-designated 525th Fighter Squadron on 18 September 2007
 * Activated on 30 September 2007.

Assignments

 * 86th Bombardment (later, 86th Fighter-Bomber; 86th Fighter) Group, 10 February 1942 – 31 March 1946
 * 86th Fighter (later, 86th Composite; 86th Fighter; 86th Fighter-Bomber; 86th Fighter-Interceptor) Group, 20 August 1946
 * Attached to 86th Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 22 May 1954-7 October 1955 and 10 August 1956 – 7 March 1958


 * 86th Fighter-Interceptor Wing (later, 86th Air Division), 8 March 1958
 * 36th Tactical Fighter (later, 36th Fighter) Wing, 1 November 1968 – 31 March 1992
 * 3d Operations Group, 30 September 2007 – present

Stations

 * Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma, 10 February 1942
 * Hunter Field, Georgia, c. 22 June 1942
 * Key Field, Mississippi, c. 7 August 1942
 * Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 22 March – 28 April 1943
 * Oran Es Sénia Airport, Oran, Algeria, 11 May 1943
 * Marnia Airfield, French Morocco, 3 June 1943
 * Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, 11 June 1943
 * Korba Airfield, Tunisia, 30 June 1943
 * Gela West Landing Ground, Sicily, 21 July 1943
 * Barcelona Landing Ground, Sicily, 27 August 1943
 * Sele Airfield, Italy, 22 September 1943
 * Serretella Airfield, Italy, 12 October 1943
 * Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, 19 November 1943
 * Marcianise Airfield Italy, 30 April 1944
 * Rome Ciampino Airport, Italy, c. 12 June 1944
 * Orbetello Airfield, Italy, c. 19 June 1944
 * Poretta Airfield, Corsica, c. 12 July 1944


 * Grossetto Airfield, Italy, c. 17 September 1944
 * Pisa Airport, Italy, 6 November 1944
 * Tatonville Airfield (Y-1), France, 20 February 1945
 * Braunshardt Airfield (Y-72), Germany, c. 17 April 1945
 * AAF Station Schweinfurt, Germany, 26 September 1945 – 15 February 1946
 * Bolling Field, Washington, D.C., 15 February – 31 March 1946
 * AAF Station Nordholz, Germany, 20 August 1946
 * AAF Station Lechfeld, Germany c. 14 November 1946
 * AAF Station Bad Kissingen, Germany, 5 March 1947
 * AAF Station Neubiberg, Germany, 12 June 1947
 * Deployed at Munich-Riem AB, Germany, July-7 August 1948
 * Deployed at Giebelstadt AB, Germany (Later West Germany), 20 May – 3 August 1951


 * Landstuhl AB, West Germany, 9 August 1952
 * Bitburg AB, West Germany, 12 February 1957 – 31 March 1992
 * Elmendorf AFB, AK, 30 September 2007-.

Aircraft

 * Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1942
 * Vultee A-31 Vengeance, 1942
 * North American A-36 Apache, 1942-1944
 * Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 1944
 * Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1944-1946; 1946-1950
 * Republic F-84 Thunderjet, 1950-1953


 * North American F-86 Sabre, 1953-1959
 * Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1959-1969
 * McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, 1969-1977
 * McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, 1977-1991
 * Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. 2007 – present

Operations

 * World War II
 * Operation Desert Storm
 * Operation Provide Comfort