USCGC Taney (WHEC-37)

USCGC Taney (WPG/WAGC/WHEC-37) is a United States Coast Guard High Endurance Cutter, notable as the last ship floating that fought in the attack on Pearl Harbor, although Taney was actually moored in nearby Honolulu Harbor not Pearl Harbor itself. She was named for Roger B. Taney (1777–1864), who was at various times: US Attorney General, Secretary of the Treasury and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

She is also one of two Treasury-class (out of seven total) Coast Guard Cutters still afloat. Serving her country for 50 years, the Taney saw action in both theaters of combat in World War II, serving as command ship at the Battle of Okinawa, and as part of fleet escort in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. She also served in the Vietnam War in Operation Market Time. Taney also patrolled the seas working in drug interdiction and fisheries protection and participated in the search for Amelia Earhart.

1936 – 1941
Roger B. Taney, Coast Guard Builders No. 68, was laid on May 1, 1935 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. She was launched on June 3, 1936 and was sponsored by Miss Corinne F. Taney. She was commissioned at Philadelphia on October 24, 1936 under the command of CDR W. K. Thompson, USCG. The Roger B. Taney departed Philadelphia on December 19, transited the Panama Canal from December 27 to 29, and arrived at her home port, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, on January 18, 1937. She conducted local operations out of Honolulu through the summer of 1937. On June 16, 1937, she transferred a number of her crew for temporary duty to USCGC Itasca. The Itasca was preparing to lend navigational support to Amelia Earhart's flight around the world. In May or June 1937 Roger B. Taney's name was shortened to simply Taney.

The Taney had arrived in the Pacific at a time when the United States, and Pan-American Airways in particular, was expanding its commercial air travel capabilities. The "Clipper" flights across the Pacific to the Far East made islands like Hawaii, Midway, Guam, and Wake Island important way-stations. Other islands and islets assumed greater importance when a route across the South Pacific was mapped out to Australia and Samoa. The military benefits which accrued to the United States by its expansion onto some of the more strategic bits of land in the broad Pacific were not lost upon President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who undertook, in the late 1930s, to annex territory in the Pacific.

Two such places were Kanton and Enderbury Islands. The Taney played a role in their colonization by the United States. In early March 1938, the Coast Guard cutter loaded supplies and embarked colonists who would establish the claim of the United States upon the two islands that seemed&mdash;at least to the uninitiated&mdash;to be mere hunks of coral, rock, and scrub in the Central Pacific. She disembarked four Hawaiians at Enderbury Island on March 6, 1938 and landed a second contingent&mdash;of seven colonists&mdash;at Canton Island on the next day. The men, assisted by the Coast Guardsmen, erected buildings and laid the foundations for future signal towers.

The Coast Guard's task over the ensuing years leading up to the outbreak of war in the Pacific was to supply these isolated way-stations along the transpacific air routes and to relieve the colonists at stated intervals. Taney performed these supply missions into 1940. Meanwhile, tension continued to rise in the Far East as Japan cast covetous glances at the American, British, Dutch, and French colonial possessions and marched deeper into embattled China.

As the Navy and Coast Guard began gradually increasing and augmenting the armament on its vessels to prepare them for the inexorably advancing war, Taney underwent her first major rearmament at the Pearl Harbor Navy Yard in December 1940. She received her last major pre-war refit at the Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, in the spring of the following year, 1941. On July 25, 1941, the Coast Guard cutter was transferred to the Navy and reported for duty with the local defense forces of the 14th Naval District, maintaining her base at Honolulu.

Outside of another "line island cruise" in the late summer, Taney operated locally out of Honolulu into the critical fall of 1941. She conducted regular harbor entrance and channel patrols, alternating often with one of the four old destroyers of Destroyer Division 80: USS Allen (DD-66), Schley (DD-103), Chew (DD-106), and Ward (DD-139).

World War II
The message: "Air Raid, Pearl Harbor. This is no drill" came at 07:55 on December 7, as Japanese planes swept overhead in an attempt to cripple the Pacific Fleet. Taney, moored alongside Pier 6, Honolulu harbor, manned her anti-aircraft guns swiftly when word of the surprise attack reached her simultaneously. As no Japanese attacks were directed at Honolulu harbor, the Coast Guard cutter was only given the opportunity to fire at stray aircraft which happened to venture into her vicinity. She was firing upon unidentified aircraft as late as noon, indicating that the eager Coast Guardsmen were probably shooting at American planes—not Japanese.

Taney patrolled the waters off Honolulu for the remainder of 1941 and into 1942, conducting many depth charge attacks on suspected submarines in the wake of the Pearl Harbor attack. During this time, the ship received the classification WPG-37. On January 22, 1942, the cutter departed Honolulu in company with SS Barbara Olson, and arrived at Kanton Island on the January 28. After sending a working party ashore to unload supplies, Taney screened Barbara Olson offshore until February 7, when both ships got underway to evacuate the American colony on Enderbury Island. Embarking the four colonists at 10:15 that day, Taney shelled the island and destroyed its buildings to prevent them from being used by Japanese forces. Taney subsequently escorted her merchantman consort to Jarvis Island, where she evacuated the four Interior Department colonists and burned all structures to the ground before departing. Reaching Palmyra Atoll on the February 12, the ships remained there until the February 15, before Taney headed back for the Hawaiian Islands, arriving at Honolulu on March 5. She made another voyage to Palmyra Island later that spring and when heading back to Hawaii, she received orders to search for survivors in the waters around Midway Island after the Battle of Midway, including a stop at the island itself.

Taney operated locally out of Honolulu into 1943 before sailing for Boston late that winter. Prior to heading for the east coast, the ship received a re-gunning at Mare Island, being fitted with four single-mount, 5-inch guns, making her the only ship in her class with this modification. After making port at Boston on March 14, 1944, Taney soon shifted south to Hampton Roads, where she arrived on March 31. Early in April, she departed Norfolk as a unit of Task Force 66 (TF 66) as convoy guide for convoy UGS-38. The passage across the Atlantic proved uneventful, as the convoy made landfall off the Azores on April 13.

Some 35 minutes after sunset on April 20, however, the convoy was spotted and tracked by the Germans, who launched a three-pronged attack with Junkers Ju 88 and Heinkel He 111 medium bombers. Each flew very low, using the shoreline as a background, thus confusing the search radar of the Allied ships. The first wave struck from dead ahead, torpedoing SS Paul Hamilton and SS Samite. The former, which had been carrying both a load of ammunition and hundreds of Army Air Corps personnel, blew up in a shattering explosion&mdash;killing all 504 men on board.

The second wave of German torpedo planes hit the SS Stephen F. Austin and SS Royal Star. During this melee, two torpedoes churned past Taney close aboard. The third wave mortally wounded USS Lansdale (DD-426), which later sank. All of the damaged vessels&mdash;save Paul Hamilton and Lansdale&mdash;reached Bizerte, Tunisia, on April 21. Taney later departed Bizerte with homeward-bound convoy GUS-38 and arrived at New York on May 21.

Taney participated in two more round-trip convoy escort missions, with convoys UGS/GUS-45 and UGS/GUS-52. Detached as a unit of TF 66 on October 9, 1944, she sailed for the Boston Navy Yard soon thereafter for extensive yard work to convert her to an amphibious command ship. During this metamorphosis, Taney&mdash;classified as WAGC-37&mdash;was fitted with accommodations for an embarked flag officer and his staff, as well as with increased communications and radar facilities. Her main battery also underwent change: she now sported two open-mount 5-inch guns, as well as 40- and 20-millimeter antiaircraft guns. With the work completed in early January 1945, Taney departed Boston on January 19, bound for Norfolk, Virginia.

She conducted shakedown and training in her new configuration before departing the east coast and sailing, via the Panama Canal and San Diego, to Hawaii. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on February 22, 1945, she soon embarked Rear Admiral Calvin H. Cobb and later underwent various minor repairs. New communications equipment was also installed before the ship departed the Hawaiian Islands for the Marshalls on March 10.

Taney proceeded independently via Eniwetok and arrived at Ulithi on March 23, remaining there until April 7. Joining Task Group 51.8 (TG 51.8), the amphibious command ship proceeded to Okinawa and arrived off the Hagushi beaches amidst air raid alerts on April 11. During one raid, her antiaircraft gunners scored at least three hits on a Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bomber which crossed the ship's bow 1200 yd away, and later during her first day at Okinawa experienced four more "red alerts". The ship briefly shifted to Kerama Retto from April 13 to 15 before returning to Hagushi on the latter date.

By the end of May, Taney had gone to general quarters 119 times, with the crew remaining at battle stations for up to nine hours at a stretch. During this period off Okinawa in April and May, Taney downed four suicide planes and assisted in numerous other "kills". The command ship also conducted combat information center duties, maintaining complete radar and air coverage, receiving and evaluating information on both friendly and enemy activities. On one occasion, Taney's duties took her close inshore close enough to even receive fire close aboard from a Japanese shore battery.

Suicide air attacks by the Japanese continued throughout June, although most were intercepted by combat air patrol (CAP) fighters and downed before they could reach their targets. Such raids took place on 18 out of 30 days that month. On June 25, at 01:20, a float seaplane passed near Taney, provoking return fire from the command ship and batteries ashore which combined to splash the intruder. During this month-long period, at least 288 enemy planes attacked the ships in Taney's vicinity, and at least 96 of these were destroyed.

As if the Japanese menace alone were not enough, in mid-July a typhoon forced the ships at Hagushi to take evasive action. Taney led a convoy eastward on July 19 and returned the next day when the storm passed. She performed the same duties again on August 1 when she led a convoy to sea on typhoon-evasion operations. The ship returned to its anchorage on August 3.

The end of the war found Taney still off Okinawa. On August 16, she got underway to support USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) as three Japanese planes were detected approaching from the northeast. One crashed 30 mi to the north, and two splashed into the sea shortly thereafter. On August 25, TG 95.5 was dissolved, and Rear Admiral Cobb, who had been embarked during the Okinawa campaign, hauled down his flag and departed.

Taney soon proceeded to Japan, where she took part in the occupation of Wakayama, anchoring off the port city on September 11 and sending a working party ashore the next day. While anchored there, Taney weathered a typhoon on September 17. She was, in fact, one of the few ships which stayed at her berth during the storm, her ground tackle holding well in the sticky clay bottom.

Departing Wakayama on October 14, Taney returned to the west coast of the United States, via Midway, and arrived at San Francisco on October 29. Moving on for the east coast, Taney transited the Panama Canal and later arrived at her ultimate destination, Charleston, South Carolina, on November 29. During the ensuing period of conversion, the Coast Guard vessel was reconfigured as a patrol cutter. She now sported a main battery of a single-mount, 5-inch gun, a hedgehog, a twin 40-millimeter mount, and two 20-millimeter guns, in addition to depth charge tracks and projectors and was reclassified once again as WPG-37.

1946 – 1961
Upon shifting back to the west coast, Taney was based at Alameda, California until February 1972. Her primary post-war duty was serving as an ocean station weather ship. The weather patrols (later termed "ocean station patrols") consisted of sailing for three weeks on assigned stations in the Pacific, and each cutter assigned performed four or five such patrols each year. Their primary task was to report meteorological information, which was used in weather forecasts for the burgeoning trans-Pacific commercial air traffic as well as for surface vessels. The ocean station vessels also provided communications and navigation assistance and were always standing by for search and rescue emergencies. She also conducted dedicated law enforcement and search and rescue patrols, or stood on search and rescue standby, when she was not on ocean station duty.

In June through July 1949 Taney served on Ocean Station Fox and later in July she served on Ocean Station Able. In June 1950 she served on Ocean Station Oboe and in September she served on Ocean Station Fox. In January through February 1951 she served on Ocean Station Uncle and the following year, August to September, she served on Ocean Station Uncle. Later in 1952, from November to December, she served on Ocean Station Nan. In April to May 1953 Taney served on Ocean Station Victor and in June of that year she served on Ocean Station Victor. From 4 to October 25, 1953 she served on Ocean Station Uncle and from June to July 1954 she served on Ocean Station Nan. In November of that same year she again served on Ocean Station Nan. In March and April and again in June and July 1956 she served on Ocean Station November. She again served on Ocean Station November from January to February, June to July, and October to November 1957 and from February to March and August 1958. She served on Ocean Station Romeo from October to November 1958. She served on Ocean Station November from December 1958 to January 1959, May to June, and October to November 1959.

The Taney served on Ocean Station November in March and April 1960. A unique honor occurred on April 27, 1960 when Taney, as the senior U.S. ship present, hosted French President Charles de Gaulle on his tour of San Francisco Bay. She then served on Ocean Station November in August 1960. She served again on Ocean Station November in January and then from May to June 1961.

1965 – 1966
On May 1, 1965 the Treasury class vessels were re-designated as High Endurance Cutters or WHEC. This designation indicated a multi-mission ship able to operate at sea for 30–45 days without support and Taney was then re-classified as WHEC-37. In March 1965 she conducted an Alaskan Patrol and on March 29 she successfully fought a fire on board the disabled fishing vessel Glacier Bear 15 mi south of Cape Fairweather and then towed her to safety. In May 1965, off northern California, she kept the Soviet refrigerator ship Chernjakhovsk under close surveillance.

In 1966 Taney undertook a 90-day "Double VICTOR Cruise". She departed Alameda on August 26 and arrived at Pearl Harbor on September 1, where she refueled before steaming to Honolulu, mooring at Berth 8. She departed Honolulu on September 3 en route Ocean Station Victor via Midway Island, arriving at the latter on September 6, departing the same day. On September 8, 1966 Taney crossed the 180th meridian and then arrived at Ocean Station Victor on September 11, relieving USCGC Chautauqua (WHEC-41). She served on Victor until relieved by USCGC Winnebago (WHEC-40) on October 1, then steamed towards Yokosuka, Japan. Here the crew enjoyed liberty before again heading back to the ocean station. She arrived at Victor on October 22, relieving Winnebago. On November 4 Typhoon Marie passed close aboard Taney, with winds gusting close to 70 knots (130 km/h), but she weathered the storm without damage. On November 12, 1966 Taney was relieved again by Winnebago and she then steamed to Midway Island to refuel before heading back to Alameda, arriving there on November 20.

1968 – 1971
The Taney served on Ocean Station November from January 7 to January 28, February 18 to March 10, April 21 to May 12 and October 27 to November 17, 1968. Her final assignment to Ocean Station November was from January 19 to February 9, 1969. She was then ordered for duty with Coast Guard Squadron Three which was supporting the Navy's Operation Market Time patrols off the coast of Vietnam. There Taney served a 10-month tour of duty, providing naval gunfire support and preventing enemy infiltration along the coastal routes used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces.



She departed U.S. waters in April 1969 and arrived in theater on May 14, 1969 and she served in the area until January 31, 1970. During her tour of duty, Taney steamed for over 52000 mi and inspected over 1,000 vessels. She participated in dozens of naval gunfire support missions, firing more than 3,400 five-inch (127 mm) shells at Viet Cong positions. Her medical staff also treated over 6,000 Vietnamese villagers. For her service, the government of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) awarded Taney the Vietnamese Presidential Unit Citation. After departing Vietnamese waters, she arrived at Alameda in February 1970.

After returning to U.S. waters, she once again began serving on ocean stations. From August 30 to September 20 of 1970 and from 3 to January 24, 1971 she served on Ocean Station November. From March 28 to April 18 and 9 to May 30, 1971 she served on Ocean Station Victor. She served on Ocean Station November from August 22 to September 12 and again from October 24 to November 14 of 1971.

1972 – 1986
In February 1972 Taney was shifted back to the east coast and was homeported at Norfolk. From 13 to October 22 of 1972 she served on Ocean Station Hotel. From October 28 to November 17, 1972 she served on Ocean Station Delta. From January 26 to February 15 and April 17 to May 7, 1973 she served on Ocean Station Bravo. As the ocean stations were decommissioned during the early 1970's due to advances in radar and electronic navigation, Taney was assigned exclusively to the only station still operational: Ocean Station Hotel off the coasts of Maryland and Virginia. Fitted with a special storm-tracking antenna housed in a distinctive bulbous dome fitted atop her pilot house, Taney deployed seven times yearly, conducting 21 deployments 200 mi off the coast. This last ocean station had been established to track storms threatening the middle states on the east coast which had often struck without warning. Eventually, the use of more sophisticated storm-tracking satellites and radars rendered this station obsolete. Hence, Ocean Station Hotel was closed down in 1977 and the Taney gained the distinction of being the last Coast Guard cutter to serve on an ocean station.

The mid-1970s were a period of transition for the Coast Guard with the passage of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act and the nation's shift towards increased interdiction of narcotics smugglers. These operations called for off-shore patrols of up to three weeks. From September 1976 through her decommissioning she was stationed at Portsmouth, Virginia and began law enforcement and search and rescue patrols.

In December 1976 she assisted the sailboat Capella 200 mi off New York. In December 1979 Taney helped seize the F/V Eneida for narcotics violations. On January 15, 1980 she seized the M/V Ameila Isle 425 mi east of Fort Pierce, Florida, carrying 4 tons of contraband. In December 1980 she seized the British-flagged M/V Party Doll which was carrying 10 tons of contraband. Despite being the long arm of the law at sea she continued in her traditional Coast Guard humanitarian mission of search and rescue as well. On November 16, 1982 she rescued seven from the disabled ketch Klarwasser off the coast of North Carolina and rescued 19 migrants off the sailboat Apre Dien Ni. In May 1985 she assisted the disabled F/V Northwind 300 mi off New York. She also continued nabbing drug smugglers. On September 30, 1984 she seized the P/C Thriller in the Yucatan Channel, carrying 1,000 pounds of marijuana. Her final bust occurred on October 4, 1985 when she seized the M/V Sea Maid I which was towing a barge that carried 160 tons of marijuana 300 mi off Virginia.

Fate
She was formally decommissioned on December 7, 1986 and turned over to the city of Baltimore, Maryland for use as a museum ship. Over her distinguished career, Taney received three battle stars for World War II service and numerous theater ribbons for service in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam.

In 1988, the USCGC Taney (WHEC-37), Structure - #88001826, was added to the National Register of Historic Places. She was designated a National Historic Landmark on the same day. The Taney is located in the historic Baltimore Inner Harbor as part of the Baltimore Maritime Museum. Taney is included in the Baltimore National Heritage Area.

Liberty ship Roger B Taney was also named for the Chief Justice. She was laid down at the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard Inc., at Baltimore Maryland on June 21, 1941 and launched December 6, 1941. She was commissioned as a U.S. Army Transport on February 9, 1942. On July 2, 1943 she was torpedoed in the South Atlantic, and 3 crew members died.

Awards

 * 1 × American Defense Service Medal
 * 1 × European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
 * 1 × American Campaign Medal
 * 1 × WWII Victory Medal
 * 1 × China Service Medal
 * 1 × National Defense Service Medal
 * 1 × Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
 * 1 × Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
 * 1 × Navy Occupation Service Medal
 * 3 × Philippine Liberation Ribbons
 * 1 × Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation with Gallantry Cross with Palm
 * 1 × Vietnam Service Medal
 * 1 × Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces Medal
 * 1 × Republic of Vietnam Presidential Unit Citation
 * 1 × Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal