DeForest Kelley

Jackson DeForest Kelley (January 20, 1920 – June 11, 1999) was an American actor, screenwriter, poet and singer known for his iconic roles in Westerns and as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy of the USS Enterprise in the television and film series Star Trek.

Early life
Kelley was delivered by his uncle at his parents' home in Atlanta, the son of Clora (née Casey) and Ernest David Kelley, who was a Baptist minister of Irish and Southern ancestry. DeForest was named after the pioneering electronics engineer Lee De Forest, and later named his Star Trek character's father "David" after his own. Kelley had an older brother, Ernest Casey Kelley. As a child, he often played outside for hours at a time. Kelley was immersed in his father's mission in Conyers and promised his father failure would mean "wreck and ruin". Before the end of his first year at Conyers, Kelley was introduced into the congregation to his musical talents and often sang solo in morning church services. Eventually, this led to an appearance on the radio station WSB AM in Atlanta, Georgia. As a result of his radio work, he won an engagement with Lew Forbes and his orchestra at the Paramount Theater.

In 1934, the family left Conyers for the community of Decatur. He attended the Decatur Boys High School where he played on the Decatur Bantams baseball team. Kelley also played football and other sports. Before his graduation, Kelley got a job as a drugstore car hop. He spent his weekends working in the local theatres. Kelley graduated in 1938.

During World War II, Kelley served as an enlisted man in the United States Army Air Forces between March 10, 1943, and January 28, 1946, assigned to the First Motion Picture Unit. After an extended stay in Long Beach, California, Kelley decided to pursue an acting career and relocate to southern California permanently, living for a time with his uncle Casey. He worked as an usher in a local theater in order to earn enough money for the move. Kelley's mother encouraged her son in his new career goal, but his father disliked the idea. While in California, Kelley was spotted by a Paramount Pictures scout while doing a United States Navy training film.

Early roles
Kelley's acting career began with the feature film Fear in the Night in 1947. The low-budget movie was a hit, bringing him to the attention of a national audience and giving Kelley reason to believe that he would soon become a star. His next role, in Variety Girl, established him as a leading actor and resulted in the founding of his first fan club. Kelley did not become a leading man, however, and he and his wife, Carolyn, decided to move to New York City. He found work on stage and on live television, but after three years in New York, the Kelleys returned to Hollywood. In California, he received a role in an installment of You Are There, anchored by Walter Cronkite. He played ranch owner Bob Kitteridge in the 1949 episode "Legion of Old Timers" of the television series The Lone Ranger. This led to an appearance in Gunfight at the O.K. Corral as Morgan Earp (brother to Burt Lancaster's Wyatt Earp). This role was a source for three movie offers, including Warlock with Henry Fonda and Anthony Quinn. In 1957, he had a small role as a Southern officer in Raintree County, a Civil War film directed by Edward Dmytryk, alongside Elizabeth Taylor, Montgomery Clift and Lee Marvin.

Interestingly, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral appeared three times in Kelley’s career, first in 1955, where he portrayed Ike Clanton in the television series You Are There; again, two years later in the 1957 film of that name, playing Morgan Earp; and perhaps in an ironic salute, once again on October 25, 1968, in a third season Star Trek episode entitled "Spectre of the Gun", this time portraying Tom McLaury.

Kelley also appeared in episodes of The Donna Reed Show, Perry Mason, Wanted: Dead or Alive, Boots and Saddles, Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater, Death Valley Days, Riverboat, Lawman, Bat Masterson and Laredo. He appeared in the 1962 episode of Route 66, "1800 Days to Justice" and "The Clover Throne" as Willis. He had a small role in the movie The View from Pompey's Head.

For nine years, Kelley primarily played villains. He built up an impressive list of credits, alternating between television and motion pictures. However, he was afraid of typecasting, so he broke away from villains by starring in Where Love Has Gone and a television pilot called 333 Montgomery. The pilot was written by an ex-policeman named Gene Roddenberry, and a few years later Kelley would appear in another Roddenberry pilot, Police Story (1967), that was again not developed into a series.

Kelley also appeared in at least one Old Time Radio program. Guest starring on Suspense, in the episode "Flesh Peddler", Kelley portrays a booking agent trying to book a ventriloquist act he finds at a traveling carnival. Becoming obsessed with finding out why the ventriloquist rejects his offer to leave a carnival for the higher class venues, the "flesh peddler" offers (and after the cryptic warnings of the ventriloquist's fellow carnies), Kelley's character nearly loses his life before learning the truth. The episode aired on August 4, 1957 and is available for free download at a variety of OTR websites. At the beginning of the episode, series producer William M. Robson introduced Kelley as "a bright new luminary in the Hollywood firmament, who is presently being seen as Morgan Earp in Gunfight at O.K. Corral."

Star Trek
In 1956, years before being cast as Dr. McCoy, Kelley played a small supporting role as a medic in The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit in which he utters the diagnosis "This man's dead, Captain" and "That man is dead" to Gregory Peck. Kelley appeared as Lieutenant Commander James Dempsey in two episodes of the syndicated military drama The Silent Service, based on actual stories of the submarine section of the United States Navy. In 1962, he appeared in the Bonanza episode entitled "The Decision", as a doctor sentenced to hang for the murder of a journalist. The judge in this episode was portrayed by John Hoyt, who later portrayed Dr. Phillip John Boyce, one of Leonard McCoy's predecessors, on the Star Trek pilot "The Cage". In 1963, he appeared in The Virginian episode "Man of Violence" as a "drinking" cavalry doctor with Leonard Nimoy as his patient (Nimoy's character did not survive). Just before Star Trek began filming, Kelley appeared as a doctor again, in the Laredo episode "The Sound of Terror". It is not clear whether these portrayals factored into his casting in Star Trek.

After refusing Roddenberry's 1964 offer to play Spock, Kelley played Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy from 1966 to 1969 in Star Trek. He reprised the character in a voice-over role in Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–74), and the first six Star Trek motion pictures (1979 to 1991). In one of the Star Trek comic books it was stated that Dr. McCoy's father had been a Baptist preacher, an idea that apparently came from Kelley's background. In 1987, he also had a cameo in "Encounter at Farpoint", the first episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, as by-that-time Admiral Leonard McCoy, Starfleet Surgeon General Emeritus. Several aspects of Kelley's background became part of McCoy's characterization, including his pronunciation of "nuclear" as "nucular".

Kelley became good friends with Star Trek cast mates William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy from their first meeting in 1964. During Trek's first season, Kelley's name was listed in the end credits along with the rest of the cast. Only Shatner and Nimoy were listed in the opening credits. As Kelley's role grew in importance during the first season he received a pay raise to about $2,500 per episode, and received third billing starting in the second season after Nimoy. Despite the show's recognition of Kelley as one of its stars he was frustrated by the greater attention that Shatner received as its lead actor, and Nimoy received because of "Spockamania" among fans.

Shy by his own admission, Kelley was the only cast member of the original Star Trek series program never to have written or published an autobiography; however, the authorized biography From Sawdust to Stardust (2005) was written posthumously by Terry Lee Rioux of Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas.

Later career
After Star Trek, Kelley found himself a victim of the very typecasting he had so feared. In 1972, he was cast in the horror film Night of the Lepus. Kelley thereafter did a few television appearances and a couple of movies but essentially went into de facto retirement other than playing McCoy. By 1978 he was earning up to $50,000 ($0 today) annually from appearances at Star Trek conventions. Like other Star Trek actors, Kelley received little of the enormous profits that the franchise generated for Paramount, until Nimoy, as executive producer, helped arrange for Kelley to be paid $1 million for Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991) which would eventually be his final live action film appearance. He also appeared in the very first Star Trek TNG episode Encounter At Farpoint, in which he portrayed, Dr. McCoy at age 137 yrs old and still refused to be transported.

In a TLC interview done in the late 1990s, Kelley said one of his biggest fears was that the words etched on his gravestone would be "He's dead, Jim." Reflecting this, Kelley's obituary in Newsweek magazine began: "We're not even going to try to resist: He's dead, Jim." On the other hand, he stated that he was very proud to hear from so many Star Trek fans who had been inspired to become doctors as a result of his portrayal of Dr. McCoy. For his final film, Kelley provided the voice of Viking 1 in the 2nd/3rd installment in the well-loved children's series The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars.

Later in life, Kelley developed an interest in poetry, eventually publishing the first of two books in a series, The Big Bird's Dream and The Dream Goes On – a series he would never finish.

Death
Kelley died of stomach cancer on June 11, 1999. His body was cremated and the ashes were scattered in the Pacific Ocean.

Film

 * 1947 Fear in the Night
 * 1947 Variety Girl
 * 1948 Canon City
 * 1949 Duke of Chicago
 * 1949 Malaya
 * 1950 The Men
 * 1953 Taxi
 * 1955 House of Bamboo
 * 1955 Illegal
 * 1955 The View from Pompey's Head
 * 1956 Tension at Table Rock
 * 1956 The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (unbilled)
 * 1957 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
 * 1957 Raintree County
 * 1958 The Law and Jake Wade
 * 1959 Warlock


 * 1964 Gunfight at Comanche Creek
 * 1964 Where Love Has Gone
 * 1965 Black Spurs
 * 1965 Marriage on the Rocks
 * 1965 Town Tamer
 * 1966 Apache Uprising
 * 1966 Johnny Reno
 * 1966 Waco
 * 1972 Night of the Lepus
 * 1979 Star Trek: The Motion Picture
 * 1982 Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
 * 1984 Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
 * 1986 Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home
 * 1989 Star Trek V: The Final Frontier
 * 1991 Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country
 * 1998 The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars

Television

 * 1949    The Lone Ranger (as Bob Kittredge in episode "Legion of Old Timers")
 * 1952    The Lone Ranger, (John Hart as the Lone Ranger) as the Doctor
 * 1953–54 City Detective (episodes "Crazy Like a Fox" and "An Old Man's Gold")
 * 1955    Science Fiction Theatre (As Captain Hall in episode "Y..O..R..D..")
 * 1956    Gunsmoke (appeared in various episodes)
 * 1957    M Squad (Appeared in the episode "Pete Loves Mary")
 * 1958    Wanted: Dead or Alive (as Sheriff Steve Pax in "Secret Ballot")
 * 1959    Wanted: Dead or Alive (TV series)|Wanted: Dead or Alive (as Ollie Tate in "The Empty Cell")
 * 1959    Rawhide (as Slate Prell in episode "Incident at Barker Springs")
 * 1959    Mackenzie's Raiders (as Charles Barrons in episode "Son of the Hawk")
 * 1959    Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (as Eddie Robbins in episode "I Ain't Talkin'")
 * 1959    26 Men (appeared in episode "Trail of Revenge" with Leonard Nimoy)
 * 1959    State Trooper (as Graham in "The Patient Skeleton")
 * 1959    Richard Diamond, Private Detective (as the Sheriff in "The Limping Man" and as Ken Porter in "The Adjuster"


 * 1960    Richard Diamond, Private Detective ("The Fine Art of Murder")
 * 1960    Two Faces West (as Vern Cleary in "Fallen Gun")
 * 1960    Johnny Midnight (as David Lawton in "The Inner Eye")
 * 1960–61 COronado 9 (as Frank Briggs in "Loser's Circle" and Shep Harlow in "Run, Shep, Run")
 * 1961    Perry Mason (in episode "The Case of the Unwelcome Bride")
 * 1961    Shannon (as Carlyle in "The Pickup")
 * 1961    Lawman (as Bent Carr in "Squatters")
 * 1961–66 Bonanza, (appeared in various episodes)
 * 1962    Have Gun – Will Travel
 * 1963    The Dakotas as Martin Volet in "Reformation at Big Nose Butte" (1963)
 * 1965    The Fugitive
 * 1966    Death Valley Days
 * 1966    I Happened
 * 1966    Laredo (as Dr. David Ingram in "The Sound of Terror")
 * 1966    Ride the Wind
 * 1966–69 Star Trek
 * 1970    Ironside (appeared in various episodes)
 * 1972    The Bull of the West (telemovie based on two episodes of The Virginian) (as Ben Tully)
 * 1973–74 Star Trek (animated / voice)
 * 1981    The Littlest Hobo (as Professor Hal Schaffer in "Runaway")
 * 1987    Star Trek: The Next Generation (Admiral Leonard McCoy, in initial episode "Encounter at Farpoint")
 * 1996    Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (archival footage)