Saif Sareea II

Exercise Saif Sareea II was a major military exercise in September and October 2001 involving the military of the United Kingdom and Oman. It was the largest single deployment of UK forces since the Gulf War. Over 22,500 personnel, 6,500 vehicles, 21 naval vessels, 49 fixed wing aircraft and 44 helicopters were deployed.

The presence of such a large military force in the Middle East gave United Kingdom and United States commanders important assets for conducting the war against the Taliban government in Afghanistan, the UK contribution to which was known as Operation Veritas.

Objectives

 * To test the UK's expeditionary warfare strategy, particularly the effectiveness of the tri-service Joint Rapid Reaction Force.
 * Highlight shortcomings in equipment and practices of such a deployment
 * Provide training
 * Support foreign policy objectives (co-operation and maintain relationships with allies in the Persian Gulf region)

Results
This exercise illustrated a number of problems in the British Army; the traditional "make-do" attitude to shortages of modern equipment and essential spares fell down in the face of the Omani weather. Some of these problems - mostly with Challenger 2 and the AS-90 self-propelled gun (which proved vulnerable to spontaneous combustion in Oman) were fixed in time for the invasion of Iraq in 2003; others, such as the failure to issue decent desert boots, still remain.
 * Soldiers who had not been issued with desert boots suffered from foot problems as their combat boots melted in the heat.
 * The 66 Challenger 2 tanks suffered from poor reliability. This was not due to any inherent defect with the tank, but rather due to the failure of the Army to adequately 'desertise' the tanks (apparently on grounds of cost). The failure to fit appropriate filters led to substantial engine damage due to the ingress of sand and dust. Two squadrons of tanks were withdrawn from the exercise.
 * The SA80A1 rifle (the unmodified variant) suffered stoppages and jamming due to sand and dust ingress.

Some equipment performed extremely well in the operation.
 * The then recently introduced C-17 provided a level of strategic lift not previously available to the RAF.

Royal Air Force

 * Tornado GR4
 * Harrier GR7
 * Tornado F3
 * Chinook
 * E-3 Sentry AEW
 * Puma helicopter
 * C-130 Hercules
 * VC10
 * Nimrod MR2

Royal Navy

 * HMS Illustrious (Aircraft Carrier)
 * HMS Cornwall (Type 22 frigate)
 * HMS Monmouth (Type 23 frigate)
 * HMS Fearless (Landing Platform Dock)
 * HMS Ocean (Landing Platform Helicopter)
 * HMS Marlborough (Type 23)
 * HMS Southampton (Type 42 destroyer)
 * HMS Nottingham (Type 42)
 * HMS Inverness (Mine Countermeasures Vessel (MCMV)
 * HMS Cattistock (MCMV)
 * HMS Quorn (MCMV)
 * HMS Walney (MCMV)
 * HMS Beagle (Coastal Survey Vessel)
 * HMS Roebuck (Hydrographic Survey Vessel)
 * RFA Fort Victoria (Auxiliary Oiler Replenishment)
 * RFA Fort Rosalie (Stores Ship)
 * RFA Sir Tristram (Landing Ship Logistic)
 * RFA Sir Galahad (Landing Ship Logistic)
 * RFA Sir Percivale (Landing Ship Logistic)
 * RFA Sir Bedivere (Landing Ship Logistic)
 * RFA Oakleaf (Support Tanker vessel)
 * FA2 Sea Harrier
 * Sea King HAS Mk6
 * Sea King Mk4
 * Gazelle AH1
 * Lynx Mk7
 * Sea King AEW Mk 2