List of military alliances

A military alliance is an agreement between two, or more, military factions; related to wartime planning, commitments, or contingencies; such agreements can be both defensive and offensive. Military alliances often involve non-military agreements, in addition to their primary purpose.

Vedic Period

 * 1700-1000 BC Ten tribes formed alliance against Tritsu in Battle of ten kings

Hellenic Period

 * 502-449 BC Medic Wars
 * Hellenic League - Athens, Lacedemonia, Macedon, others


 * 431-404 BC Peloponnesian War
 * League of Delos - Athens, Argos, Chios, Samos, Lesbos, others
 * Peloponnesian League - Lacedemonia, Corinth, Thebes, Syracuse, others

Middle Ages

 * 634-1853 Christian-Islamic Wars
 * Crusades - France, England, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Republic of Venice
 * Reconquista - Portugal, Castile
 * Jihad - Fatimid Caliphate, Sultanate of Damascus
 * Ethio-Portuguese Treaties - Portugal, Ethiopia


 * 1337-1453 100 Years War
 * Auld Alliance - Scotland, France, Norway
 * Treaty of Windsor - Portugal, England

Early modern period

 * 1494-1559 Italian Wars
 * League of Cambrai - The Papal States, France, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire
 * Catholic League (Italian) - The Papal States, Venice, England, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire


 * 1546-1547 Schmalkaldic War
 * Schmalkaldic League - German Protestant States


 * 1571 Christian-Islamic Wars
 * Holy League - Papal States, Spain, Republic of Venice, others


 * 1618-1648 Thirty Years' War
 * Catholic League (German) - Bavaria, other Catholic German States
 * Protestant Union - Protestant German States
 * Treaty of Nonsuch - Dutch Republic, England


 * 1688-1697 War of the Grand Alliance (Nine Years' War)
 * League of Augsburg - The Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, other German states


 * 1701-1714 War of the Spanish Succession
 * The Quadruple Alliance of 1718


 * 1803-1815 Napoleonic Wars
 * The Quadruple Alliance of 1814/15
 * First through Seventh Coalitions


 * 1717 Christian-Islamic Wars
 * Holy League - Portugal, Papal States, Republic of Venice, Malta


 * 1815-1825 Absolutist-Liberal conflicts
 * Holy Alliance - Russia, Prussia, Austria
 * The Quadruple Alliance of 1834


 * Triple Alliance of 1865 - Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina


 * 1873-1878 & 1881-1887 League of the Three Emperors - Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and German Empire


 * 1879-1918 Dual Alliance - Austria-Hungary and German Empire


 * 1882-1914 Triple Alliance - German Empire, Austria–Hungary and Kingdom of Italy


 * 1892-1917 Franco-Russian Alliance - French Third Republic and Russian Empire

Twentieth century

 * World War I
 * 1902-1923 Anglo-Japanese Alliance - United Kingdom and Japan
 * 1907-1918 the Entente and the Allies - Russian empire (to 1917), United Kingdom, France, Italy, Serbia, Romania, Portugal (from 1916)
 * 1914-1918 the Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria


 * World War II
 * 1939-1945 the Allies - United States, United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, Soviet Union, Poland, France, Republic of China, many others.
 * 1940-1945 the Axis - Germany, Japan, Italy, and many others.


 * Cold War
 * 1947 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact) - Most of the countries of the Americas.
 * 1948-2011 Western European Union (WEU) - limited role. Merged with EU in 2009.
 * 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) -- United States, Canada, most of Western Europe
 * 1951 ANZUS Treaty (ANZUS) - United States, Australia, New Zealand.
 * 1954-1977 SEATO - United States, United Kingdom, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, Philippines
 * 1955-1979 CENTO - United States, United Kingdom, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
 * 1955-1991 Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union, East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania
 * 1958 North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) - United States and Canada.
 * 1971 Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) - United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore.
 * 1981 ECOMOG of Economic Community of West African States.
 * 1982 Regional Security System (RSS) - several Eastern Caribbean countries.
 * 1989 Major non-NATO allies of the United States (MNNA) - Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand.

Europe

 * NATO flag.svg NATO, Enlarged from 1999 to include eastern European states. Twenty eight countries including the United States, Canada and most of Europe including Turkey.
 * 🇪🇺 European Union, created in 1992 with foreign policy and defence policy being developed over the next two decades. In 2009 common defence provisions were significantly enhanced.
 * 🇫🇷 Entente Cordiale / Defence and Security Co-operation Treaty is a joint Military alliance between France and the United Kingdom.
 * 🇫🇷🇩🇪 Franco-German Brigade is a joint French-German Brigade.
 * 🇪🇪🇱🇻🇱🇹 BALTRON is a joint Estonian—Latvian—Lithuanian Naval Squadron.
 * 🇵🇹 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, originally signed in 1373, is the oldest alliance still in force in the world.

Eurasia

 * CSTO Flag.png Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), formed in 1992 in after the collapse of the Soviet Union - Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan.
 * Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), formed in 1996 to counterbalance NATO expansion - China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
 * Coat of Arms of TAKM.jpg Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM) is an intergovernmental military co-operation organization of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia.

Middle East

 * Arab League
 * 🇮🇷 Axis of Resistance
 * GCC Flag.svg Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (Peninsula Shield Force)

United States - Asia

 * 🇯🇵🇺🇸 Japan and the United States entered into a security alliance following the allied occupation after WWII.
 * 🇺🇸 South Korea and the United States entered into a military alliance following the Korean War.
 * 🇵🇭🇺🇸 Mutual Defense Treaty (U.S.–Philippines) is a joint US-Philippine Defence Treaty.
 * 🇮🇱🇺🇸 Israel & the United States.

Other regions

 * 🇺🇸🇨🇦🇦🇺🇳🇿 ABCA Armies
 * Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX) of Economic Community of Central African States set up in 1994, limited scope.
 * Flag of UNASUR.svg South American Defense Council (SADC) of the Union of South American Nations, developed form 2008. Full extent of provisions yet to be agreed.
 * 🇺🇸🇳🇿🇦🇺 ANZUS is a joint military alliance between the United States, Australia and New Zealand.
 * 🇦🇺🇳🇿🇲🇾🇸🇬 Five Power Defence Arrangements, signed in 1971 to prevent the Malaysian Peninsula, or Singapore from external or foreign aggression.
 * GCC Flag.svg Peninsula Shield Force The military force of the Persian Gulf nations of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain