36th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 36th Indian Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Indian Army during the Second World War. The division was subsequently redesignated as a British Army formation, the 36th Infantry Division. It served in India and during the Burma Campaign. After the end of the war it was disbanded and its remaining British units were transferred to the 2nd Infantry Division.

36th Indian Division
The division was formed in India on 15 December 1942. Its constituent formations were the 29th Independent Infantry Brigade Group (under command from 26 January 1943), which had already fought as an independent brigade group in the Battle of Madagascar, and 72nd Indian Infantry Brigade confusingly composed of entirely British combat units. 72nd Indian Infantry Brigade was re-designated the new 72 Infantry Brigade (the previous 72 Inf Bde had become 5 Para Bde) on 28 April 1944. Most of the division's engineer, medical and service units were Indian. The division's formation sign was two interlinked rings, one white and one red, on a black square background.

In January 1943, Brigadier Francis Festing was promoted from command of the 29th Brigade to that of the division. (His replacement as commander of 29th Brigade was Brigadier Hugh Stockwell.) Parts of the division were present in the First Arakan campaign in early 1943. It was intended that part of the division was to launch an amphibious assault on Akyab Island, but this operation was cancelled.

The division was initially in reserve for the Second Arakan campaign in early 1944, but was called on to relieve the besieged Indian 7th Division after early setbacks. After the Japanese were defeated at the Battle of Ngakyedauk, 7th Division was withdrawn and 36th Division took over the offensive in the Kalapanzin River Valley. Units of the division captured the vital eastern railway tunnel linking the Kalapanzin valley with the port of Maungdaw, but at this point the Arakan offensive was called off to release troops and aircraft for the more important battles of Imphal and Kohima in Assam.

The division withdrew for a brief rest at Shillong in Assam, and was then despatched to Ledo, where it came under command of the American-led Northern Combat Area Command.

36th Infantry Division
Early in July 1944, the division started to fly in to Myitkyina airfield in North Burma, with 72nd Brigade being the first formation to land. On 1 September 1944, shortly after the division had started advancing down the "Railway valley" from Mogaung towards Indaw on the right flank of NCAC, the division was redesignated as the British 36th Division. On 14 December, a third brigade was added to the division; confusingly, this was the first Indian formation that the division commanded (the 26th Indian Infantry Brigade, of one British and two Indian battalions).

The division was distinguished for being the only British division to rely entirely on air supply, mainly by the United States' Tenth Air Force, for an extended period. The United States Army Air Force also provided the division with 12 light aircraft equipped for casualty evacuation and a US Army engineer company to construct its airstrips. Initially, the division was without its own divisional artillery and instead relied on a Chinese artillery group under US command. The Indian 32 Mountain Regiment eventually joined the division after carrying its guns by mule for over 400 mi.

The division, having linked up with the main body of British Fourteenth Army, crossed the Irrawaddy River and advanced independently down the eastern side of the river. Units from the division suffered losses forcing the crossing the 300 yard wide Shweli River, but the division continued to advance until the fall of Mandalay in March 1945. On 1 April 1945 the division transferred from NCAC to Fourteenth Army. The 26th Indian Brigade became the British 26th Brigade on 6 April and the Indian battalions were replaced by British battalions from other Indian brigades by 19 April.

As there were now more troops in Burma than could be supplied (and the transport aircraft allocated to NCAC were being withdrawn to China), the division was returned to India, officially arriving on 12 May, and joined XXXIV Corps (India) on 28 May.

Its officially recognised battles were Mandalay 12/13 February - 21 March 1945 and Rangoon Road 1 April - 6 May 1945.

In independent India
The division is at Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, as part of I Corps, South Western Command. The formation sign is a golden falcon. The division includes the 18th Armoured Brigade (Gwalior) and 72nd and 115th Infantry Brigades (Gwalior and Dhana, respectively). Originally intended for raising as a cadre division, it was raised in 1966 at Sagar as a standard division. The division, like I Corps HQ, was within the boundaries of Central Command.

Structure
(During Campaign in Burma 1944)

29th Infantry Brigade
(18 July 1940 - 25 May 1945) (25 May 1945 - 31 August 1945) (these three battalions were all former Chindit units)
 * 1st battalion Royal Scots Fusiliers
 * 1st battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers
 * 2nd battalion East Lancashire Regiment
 * 2nd battalion South Lancashire Regiment(until 16 Mar 1944)
 * 1st battalion Cameronians
 * 2nd battalion Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
 * 1st battalion Essex Regiment

72nd Infantry Brigade

 * 6th battalion The South Wales Borderers
 * 9th battalion The Royal Sussex Regiment
 * 10th battalion The Gloucestershire Regiment

Indian 26th Infantry Brigade (Under Command from December 1944)

 * 2nd battalion The Buffs
 * 1st battalion 19th Hyderabad Regiment
 * 2nd battalion 8th Punjab Regiment
 * 1st battalion 1st Gurkha Rifles

26th Infantry Brigade (converted from Indian 26th Infantry brigade 6 April 1945)

 * 2nd battalion The Buffs
 * 1st battalion The Devonshire Regiment
 * 1st battalion The Northamptonshire Regiment

Divisional Infantry

 * D Company 2nd battalion Manchester Regiment (Machine Guns)
 * 88th Indian Infantry Company (8th Gurkha Rifles) (Divisional HQ Company)
 * 2nd battalion Leicestershire Regiment (Defence Battalion) (20 May 1945 - 31 August 1945)
 * 1st battalion 7th Rajput Regiment (Machine Guns) (22 June 1945 - 31 August 1945)
 * 2nd battalion Border Regiment (Reconnaissance) (10 April 1945 - 31 August 1945)

Artillery

 * 130th (Lowland) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery (RA) (315, 316 & 494 Batteries) (11 August 1943 - 13 June 1945)
 * 178th Field Regiment, RA (122, 366 & 516 Batteries) (17 July 1943 - 5 July 1945)
 * 145th (Royal Buckinghamshire Yeomanry and Berkshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, RA (22 June 1945 - 13 July 1945)
 * 158th Field Regiment, RA (8 July 1945 - 31 August 1945)
 * 8th Field Regiment, RA (20 July 1945 - 31 August 1945)
 * 32nd Mountain Regiment (12, 17 & 28 Batteries), Royal Indian Artillery (6 February 1945 - 31 August 1945)
 * 12 and 28 Indian Mountain Batteries (3 December 1944 - 5 February 1945)
 * 122nd Light Anti Aircraft/Anti-Tank Regiment RA (400 & 402 LAA Batteries and 168 & 321 Atk Batteries)(31 November 1943 - 14 September 1944)
 * 122nd Anti-Tank Regiment, RA (168, 321 & 402 Batteries) (15 September 1944 - 20 August 1945)
 * 59th Light Anti Aircraft Regiment, RA (19 May 1944 - 31 August 1944)