Richard Scarry

Richard McClure Scarry (June 5, 1919 – April 30, 1994) was an American children's author and illustrator who published over 300 books with total sales of over 100 million worldwide.

Early life
Scarry was born in Boston, Massachusetts, where his parents ran a shop. The Scarry family enjoyed a comfortable life even during the time of the Great Depression. Following high school graduation, Scarry enrolled in a business college but soon dropped out, finding it not to his liking. He then studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, where he remained until being drafted into the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, Scarry worked for the art departments of various magazines before making a career breakthrough in 1949 with Little Golden Books.

In Irish, his surname is pronounced, originating on the west coast of Ireland, but English-speakers often pronounce it "scary," and this is the pronunciation used in popular video and audio renditions of his books and stories.

Overview of his work
Scarry's most famous series of books was about Busytown. Scarry's characters were almost always anthropomorphic animals. His books were popular with children throughout the world. Over 100 million copies of his books were sold, and they have been translated into dozens of languages.

While his books are largely populated by common animal species such as cats, rabbits, rats, domestic pigs, and mice, he proved to be quite adept at giving human characteristics to a seemingly endless number of creatures. Many of his later illustrations feature characters in traditional Swiss clothing and show architecturally correct drawings of half-timber houses. Examinations of drawings featuring mechanical devices, such as the rigging on a sailboat or a fighter jet, also show that they were drawn with accuracy.

Scarry was closely associated with mass-market children's publisher Ole Risom, "the author and illustrator whose [collaborative] books have sold more than 100 million copies around the world. They worked together on dozens of books, including I Am a Bunny, which Risom wrote and Scarry illustrated. First published in 1963, it is still in print." Moreover, Risom and Walter Retan later cowrote the illustrated biography, The Busy, Busy World of Richard Scarry.

In the 1980s and 1990s, many of Scarry's Best Ever series of books were converted into popular animated videos, which are available on DVD and VHS and also aired at times during TLC's Ready Set Learn block between scheduled programs from 1995 to 2003 as some of the network's Short Stuff breaks. Some of these animated films include Richard Scarry's Best Silly Stories and Songs Videos Ever and The Busiest Firefighters Ever. The Busytown books were also adapted into an animated series, The Busy World of Richard Scarry, which was produced by CINAR Animation and Paramount Television and ran on Showtime from 1993 to 1997 and later reran in the late 1990s on Nickelodeon and Noggin. A further animated series, Busytown Mysteries, was commissioned by CBC Television from the Cookie Jar Group (the successor to CINAR) in 2007, and airs on the Kids' CBC Block morning program. Busytown was also featured at the Carnegie Science Center from June 13 through September 8, 2002 in an interactive exhibit entitled "Richard Scarry's Busytown."

From 1976 to about 1978, Playskool produced a series of toy sets titled Richard Scarry's Puzzletown featuring plastic figures of Scarry characters and vehicles as well as cardboard scenery that the child could set up in a grid of grooves in a plastic base.

Changes made to reflect social values
Books by Richard Scarry changed over the course of their several editions, often to make them conform to changing social values.

His Best Word Book Ever, which first appeared in 1963, was issued in 1980 as a "new revised edition" which altered images and text to remove material which could be perceived as offensive due to gender, racial, or religious misconceptions. Characters in "cowboy" or "Indian" costumes were either removed or given nondescript clothing. Moral and religious elements and depictions of gender roles were altered or removed (for instance, a menorah was added into a Christmas scene, and the words "he comes promptly when he is called to breakfast", referring to a father bear, were changed to "he goes to the kitchen to eat his breakfast"). Characters engaged in activities reflecting traditional gender roles were altered so as to make the scenes more gender-neutral (e.g., a male character was added into a kitchen scene, a cowboy was replaced with a female gardener and a female scientist, the phrase "pretty stewardess" was changed to "flight attendant", and male characters engaged in traditionally masculine activities such as driving a steamroller were altered into female characters by the addition of hair ribbons or pink flowers, etc.). In some cases these changes necessitated removing whole sections altogether, including the "Out West" section, the "buildings" section (which had depicted a church, a cathedral, and a French Foreign Legion fortress), and sections on painting and music making.

Personal life and family
Scarry's wife, Patricia Murphy, was a writer of children's textbooks who met Richard during collaboration when he was a textbook illustrator. She is credited with writing many of the stories in his subsequent children's books, such as Good Night, Little Bear, The Bunny Book, and The Fishing Cat. In 1972 the Scarrys bought a chalet in Gstaad, Switzerland. Here he founded his studio where he spent most of the day (from about 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) writing and illustrating his books. His studio contained a single desk, lamp and chair. His wife was told not to bother him except for his hour break for lunch.

Scarry died of a heart attack in Gstaad on April 30, 1994. His papers and drawings are in the collection of the University of Connecticut archives. His son, Richard Scarry, Jr., is also an illustrator, sometimes working under the nickname Huck Scarry, sometimes working in his father's style as Richard Scarry. Huck is the nickname of Huckle Cat, one of the most commonly recurring Busytown characters. Scarry Jr. lives in Vienna, Austria.

Stories made to video
Golden Book Videos:
 * Get Ready for School (Golden Step Ahead 1986, 1991).
 * The Gingerbread Man and Other Nursery Stories (Golden Book 1985)
 * Old MacDonald's Farm and Other Animal Tales (Golden Book 1986)

Random House Videos: (By 2006 these were taken out of print.) The Busy World of Richard Scarry:
 * Best ABC Video Ever! (Random House 1989)
 * Best Counting Video Ever! (Random House 1989)
 * Best Busy People Video Ever! (Random House 1993)
 * Best Learning Songs Video Ever! (Random House 1993)
 * Best Silly Stories and Songs Video Ever! (Random House 1994)
 * Best Sing-Along Mother Goose Video Ever! (Random House 1994)
 * Summer Picnic and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * The Best Birthday Present Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * The Busiest Firefighters Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * The Best Babysitter Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * Mr. Frumble's New Cars and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * A Trip To The Moon and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * The Snowstorm and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993)
 * Sally's First Day At School and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * New Friend On The Block and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * The Best of the Busy World of Richard Scarry (Cinar 1993)

Richard Scarry's:
 * The Best Birthday Party Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * Now I Know My 123's and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * The Best Spelling Bee Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * Practice Makes Perfect and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * Making Progress and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * Be My Valentine and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * The First Easter Egg Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * The First Halloween Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * The Best Christmas Present Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)
 * The Best Christmas Surprise Ever and 2 other stories (Cinar 1993, 1994, 1995)