John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu

John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu KG (c.1431 – 14 April 1471) was, until his final years, a Yorkist leader in the Wars of the Roses, brother of Warwick the Kingmaker and perhaps best known for eliminating Lancastrian resistance in the north of England in the first three years of the reign of Edward IV of England.

Career
Montagu was third son son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and Alice Montagu, Countess of Salisbury, and thus a brother of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and George Neville, Archbishop of York, and Sir Thomas Neville who died at the battle of Wakefield.

He was knighted by Henry VI at Greenwich on 5th January 1453, alongside Edmund and Jasper Tudor, his brother Thomas, William Herbert, Roger Lewknor, and William Catesby. He was from the branch of the Neville family based at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire, rather than that of Westmorland. It has been claimed that he, as a 'landless younger son' caused their long-running feud with the Lancastrian Percy family of Northumberland. He was certainly involved in the confrontation between the two families' and their armed retinues which took place between Heworth and Stamford Bridge on 24th August 1454, following which 'much slaughter of their followers was alleged' by both sides.

He was created Lord Montague in 1460, alongside Lord Scales, following York's return to England. He fought with his father and brother Thomas at the Battle of Blore Heath in 1459, and was captured and imprisoned in Chester Castle by the Lancastrians, for which he was attainted. After the Yorkist victory at Northampton he was released, but was captured again at the Second Battle of St Albans in 1461.

Following his second release from imprisonment, he led the Yorkist forces in the north of England, defeating the Lancastrians at Hedgeley Moor and again at Hexham (both 1464).

In reward for driving out the Lancastrians, the new Yorkist King Edward IV invested him in 1462 as a Knight of the Garter and the following year appointed him warden of the east march. In 1464 he was also created Earl of Northumberland, a title which had long been held by the disgraced Percy family, and awarded the Percy estates confiscated after the Battle of Towton. However, when Henry Percy was rehabilitated in 1470, Montagu was forced to give up the earldom and many important offices in favour of his former foe. This was possibly due to Edward fearing troops from Northumberland would not be loyal.

He was in compensation created Marquess of Montagu, but without suitable estates or income to support such a dignity. Now set against Edward IV, he changed his allegiance and joined his brother Richard, Earl of Warwick, in the short-lived readeption of the Lancastrian King Henry VI. Montagu returned to high office in the north, but was killed with his brother Richard fighting the Yorkist forces at the Battle of Barnet in 1471.

Marriage and issue
Neville married firstly Isabel Ingoldesthorpe (c.1441 – 20 May 1476), daughter and co-heiress of Sir Edmund Ingoldesthorpe (d. 2 September 1456) of Burrough Green and Sawston, Cambridgeshire, by whom he had a son and five daughters:


 * George Neville, Duke of Bedford (c. 1457–1483), who died without issue.
 * Anne Neville, who married Sir William Stonor of Stonor in Pyrton, Oxfordshire, a descendant of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
 * Elizabeth Neville, who married firstly Thomas Scrope, 6th Baron Scrope of Masham, and secondly Sir Henry Wentworth of Nettlestead.
 * Margaret Neville, who married firstly Sir John Mortimer (d. before 12 November 1504), only son of Sir Hugh Mortimer and Eleanor Cornwall,  secondly Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and thirdly Robert Downes, gentleman.
 * Lucy Neville, who married firstly Sir Thomas FitzWilliam of Aldwark, North Yorkshire, and secondly Sir Anthony Browne.
 * Isabel Neville, who married firstly Sir William Huddleston of Millom, Cumberland, and secondly Sir William Smythe.

Neville's widow married, on 25 April 1472, as his second wife, Sir William Norreys of Yattendon.