Pedro V of Portugal

Peter V (Portuguese 'Pedro V'; 16 September 1837 – 11 November 1861), nicknamed "the Hopeful" (o Esperançoso), was King of Portugal from 1853 to 1861.

Early life and reign
As the eldest son of Queen Maria II and King Ferdinand II, Peter was a member of the House of Braganza. As heir apparent to the throne he was styled Prince Royal (Portuguese: Príncipe Real), and was also the 19th Duke of Braganza (Duque de Bragança).

Peter was a conscientious and hard-working monarch who, under the guidance of his father, sought radical modernisation of the Portuguese state and infrastructure. Under his reign, roads, telegraphs, and railways were constructed and improvements in public health advanced. His popularity increased when, during the cholera outbreak of 1853–1856, he visited hospitals handing out gifts and comforting the sick.

Peter V, along with his brothers Fernando and João and other royal family members, succumbed to typhoid fever or cholera in 1861.

Marriage
Peter married Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, eldest daughter of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess Josephine of Baden, by proxy in Berlin on 29 April 1858 and then in person in Lisbon on 18 May 1858. It was a happy marriage until Queen Stephanie died a year later from diphtheria. As Peter and Stephanie's marriage was childless, the Portuguese throne passed to his brother Luís.

Titles and styles

 * 16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853: His Royal Highness The Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza
 * 15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861: His Most Faithful Majesty The King of Portugal and the Algarves

Pedro V's official styling as King of Portugal: By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, Peter V, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, South Africa, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.

As heir apparent to the Portuguese crown, Peter held the following titles:
 * Duke of Braganza (23rd)
 * Duke of Barcelos (18th)
 * Duke of Guimarães (20th)
 * Marquis of Vila Viçosa (22nd)
 * Count of Ourém (24th)
 * Count of Barcelos (24th)
 * Count of Faria and Neiva (24th)
 * Count of Arraiolos (26th)
 * Count of Guimarães (21st)

Honours

 * Domestic
 * He was Grand Master of the following orders:
 * Order of Christ
 * Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
 * Order of Saint James of the Sword
 * Order of the Tower and Sword
 * Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa


 * Foreign
 * Austrian Empire: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary - 1854
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold - 1854
 * Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
 * Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
 * Second French Empire: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
 * Kingdom of Prussia:
 * Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle
 * Knight of the House Order of Hohenzollern
 * Kingdom of Sardinia:
 * Knight of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation - 1855
 * Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus - 1855
 * Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon
 * Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Order of the Rue Crown
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece - 1846
 * Two Sicilies: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit
 * undefined: Knight of the Order of the Garter - 24 June 1858

Ancestry
The ancestry of Peter V, comprising five generations: