Special Deployment Commando



Spezialeinsatzkommandos (SEK; Special Operations Commando) are specialized police tactical units of each of the sixteen German State Police forces. With the MEKs and the Negotiation Teams (in some states) they are part of the police Special Forces of each state respectively.

Mainly unrecognized by the media and public, the main missions of SEK units are to serve high-risk arrest warrants and to deal with barricaded suspects. Hostage sieges, kidnappings and raids also belong to their missions as well as other scenarios like personal security detail for VIPs or witnesses. Since the 1970s, each SEK has handled several thousand deployments. The front-runner is the SEK of the Berlin Police with up to 500 deployments a year, an average of 1.4 deployments a day.

The comparable unit of the German Federal Police is the GSG 9.

History
In 1974, the first SEK unit was raised in police forces of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

After West and East Germany were unified in 1990, some ex-officers of the Diensteinheit IX in the Volkspolizei were merged into the SEKs after thorough political evaluation procedures, such as with SEK units in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in Sachsen-Anhalt.

During a raid on Hell's Angel properties, a SEK operator was hit twice in the chest by an armed biker before other operators intervened and disarmed the biker without using any firearms. He later died due to blood loss.

The SEK received a name change from Sondereinsatzkommando to Spezialeinsatzkommando when it was announced in 2013 because the former is usually associated with Sondereinsatzkommando Eichmann (Special Operations Group Eichmann), a unit in the SS tasked with overseeing the deportation of Hungary's Jewish residents.

In 2015, the SEK was called in to intervene in Erfurt, Thuringia after a 48-year old man barricaded himself in his apartment and acted violently towards EMT personnel with an SEK operator wounded during the raid.

A Reichsbürgerbewegung supporter was confronted by the police in 2016 in Bavaria with the SEK deployed with one operator shot dead after they were ordered to seize the man's weapons due to being mentally unfit to handle them.

Organization
The organization of special police forces varies from state to state. Whilst most states have created one Special Deployment Commando which is based in their capital city, others have more than one. North Rhine-Westphalia Police or Rheinland-Pfalz State Police have established Special Deployment Commandos in other major cities as needed. The Bavarian State Police and Hessen State Police both have two Special Deployment Commandos - one each for the north and the south.

Most SEKs would have 40 to 70 operators attached, depending on the state.

A SEK unit can be attached to the (barracked) Rapid Reaction Police or to big regional police headquarters. However, the common trend is to put the SEK units under control of the State Investigation Bureau, the LKA. Many LKA have special divisions which consist of the SEK, MEK and crisis negotiation teams.

In some states the Personenschutzkommando (Personal Protection Commandos) are attached to the police Special Operation Forces as well. They are plain clothes unit that provide personal security to protect politicians and VIPs.

The internal organisation of SEKs rests with the units and therefore differs as well.

The SEK of South Bavaria has an alpine component and the SEK units of Bremen and Hamburg have elements trained for maritime tasks. Some SEKs also have specialized negotiation groups (Verhandlungsgruppen, commonly abbreviated as VGs) for cases like hostage situations or suicide attempts.

Eligibility and training
Any state police officer is eligible to apply for service in a SEK unit, but it is common only to consider applications from officers with at least three years of duty experience. The age limit is mostly between 23 and 35 years, whilst operatives have to leave the entry teams when they reach the age of 42 (or 45 in some states). Both sexes can be recruited; however, only a few policewomen have been able to handle the extensive and challenging tests.

At the moment, only the SEK units of Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Southern Hesse have women in their ranks.

The requirements demand physical and mental strength, discernment and capacity for teamwork. About 30 percent of all candidates pass the tests. The length of the training necessary to become an operative in a SEK unit differs but is generally five to eight months long and covers a wide range of required skills. Some of their training requires SEK operators to train with other police forces in Europe and North America.

All applications made to join the SEK are made online. SEK operators usually get a stipend between 150 to 400 Euros, depending on the state police force where they work in.

Equipment


The following used by SEK:


 * Glock 17
 * Heckler & Koch VP9, used by Saxony SEK.
 * SIG P226
 * SIG P228
 * Korth-type revolvers
 * Smith & Wesson Model 625, modified to be suppressed for Northrhine-Westphalia SEK operators.
 * Heckler & Koch MP5
 * Heckler & Koch MP7
 * Heckler & Koch UMP
 * Heckler & Koch G36, used by Brandenburg SEK.
 * FN SCAR Mk 16
 * FN SCAR Mk 17
 * Steyr AUG, only used by Bavaria SEK.
 * Haenel CR223 carbine, only used by Hamburg SEKs/MEKs and Saxony SEKs.
 * Heckler & Koch PSG1

The North Rhine-Westphalia SEK use Ford F-550 pickups modified to use MARS tactical ladders for raids on hard to reach places. The Saxony Police use the RMMV Survivor R and the Toyota Land Cruiser equipped with V8 engines as a first response vehicle. The Brandenburg State Police use the PMV Survivor I for its SEK units.

Uniforms
SEK members do not always operate in uniform and wear masks to protect their identities, as well as to protect their bodies from burns. If cited in a trial they are only referred to by numbers.

When off-duty SEK officers are called to a crime scene, they may appear plain-clothed, only wearing their special protective gear and carrying their weapons.

Controversies
The SEK Cologne has been accused of harassment while performing a initiation ritual on a new member. These charges were later dropped. Meanwhile Ex-GSG9 commander Ulrich Wegener accused the SEK of being badly disciplined since the officers were not punished.

MEK
Mobile Mission Commands (Mobile Einsatzkommandos or MEKs) operate hand-in-hand with the SEKs.

These plain-clothed units are specialized in surveillance, quick arrests and mobile hostage sieges or kidnappings are often used in investigations against organized crime or blackmailers. However, the deployment of the MEK units is requested only for serious offenses.

MEKs often, also, provide close protection for the state's senior leaders, including the state's minister president. Requirements for the duty as a MEK officer are similar or partially less strict than the requirements for the SEK.