Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–53)

The Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–53) (Crnogorsko-turski rat (1852—1853) broke out after Ottoman retaliation for Montenegrin secret aid to Herzegovinian rebels.

Background
In 1852, Metropolitan Danilo II, returning from the Russian Empire, proclaimed himself Prince of Montenegro and the Hills, thus elevating the status of his polity from a theocracy into a principality. Montenegro remained an Ottoman vassal, until the Ottomans attacked Montenegro after the unraveling of Montenegrin secret aid to Herzegovinian rebels.

History

 * Omar Pasha and Osman Pasha of Scutari attacked Montenegro in November 1852.

Aftermath and legacy

 * Battle of Grahovac
 * Convention of Shkodër