Young Man Afraid Of His Horses

Young-Man-Afraid-Of-His-Horses [Tȟašúŋke Kȟokípȟapi] (1836–1900), also translated as His-Horses-Are-Afraid and They-Fear-Even-His-Horses, was a chief of the Oglala Sioux. Commonly misinterpreted, his name means They fear his horse or His horse is feared meaning that the bearer of the name was so feared in battle that even the sight of his horse would inspire fear. He is known for his participation in Red Cloud's War, as a negotiator for the Sioux Nation after the Wounded Knee Massacre, and for serving on delegations to Washington, D.C.

Biography
They-Fear-Even-His-Horses was born in 1836 to the Chief Old Man Afraid of His Horses (1800–1889). In 1866, he joined forces as a lieutenant under Red Cloud when the Dakota resisted attempts by the United States government to build the Montana trail through the Sioux hunting grounds of Powder River, resulting in a two year conflict known as Red Cloud's War. After the peace settlement in 1868, Young-Man-Afraid-Of-His-Horses retired to the Pine Ridge Agency in South Dakota serving as first president of the Pine Ridge Indian Council in 1883. He was the first grandson of the Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864). Young Man Afraid was supposed to inherit the original line of leadership of the Oglala Lakota Sioux after his father Chief Old Man Afraid in 1889. But his uncle Red Cloud had too much power at the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868.

A strong supporter of friendly relations with the Federal government, he attended several delegations to Washington, D.C. for improved treatment as well as an acting negotiator with federal authorities to assist the Sioux Nation in adjusting to reservation life before and after the Wounded Knee Massacre before his death in 1900. He died on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. He is buried in Makansan Presbyterian Cemetery near Oglala, South Dakota.