Alexander Litvinov

Alexander Ivanovich Litvinov (Александр Иванович Литвинов; August 22, 1853 – 1932) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army.

Biography
Litvinov was educated in the 1st Moscow military school and entered military service on August 5, 1870. He graduated from the 3rd Military Alexandrovskoye and Mikhaylovskoye Artillery School in 1873. He was appointed a lieutenant (August 10, 1873) in the 1st Horse-Artillery Brigade. He then served in the 2nd Cavalry Artillery team.

He fought in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 attaining attained the rank of captain on December 18, 1880. In 1882 he graduated from the Academy of General Staff of the Mykolayiv. He then went to the Vilensky Military District. On November 24, 1882 he was appointed Senior Staff Adjutant to the 4th Cavalry Division, attaining the rank of colonel on March 24, 1885. On September 29, 1886 he was appointed the Chief of Staff of the Vilno Military District. On April 19, 1890 he became Chief of Staff of the 2nd Cavalry Division. Then on June 12, 1896 he became commander of the 4th Pskov Dragoon Regiment. He attained the rank of major-general on June 23, 1899 and was given a special assignment with the Don Cossacks. On September 20, 1900 he was put in command of the Warsaw Military District. On November 9, 1906 he was once again made Chief of Staff of the Vilno Military District. He reached the rank of lieutenant-general on December 6, 1905 and was appointed Head of the 1st Cavalry Division on October 9, 1906. On March 9, 1911 he became commander of the 5th Army Corps and General of Cavalry on December 6, 1911.

At the head of the 7th and 10th Infantry Division, he entered the First World War in the 5th Army. However at a meeting of commanders held at Siedlce on November 17, 1914 he was appointed commander of the 1st Army replacing General Paul von Rennenkampf. After the February Revolution of April 2, 1917 he was dismissed from the service with uniform and pensions. From 1918 he served in the Red Army.