Italian cruiser Lombardia

Lombardia was a protected cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) built in the 1890s. The ship was the second of six vessels in its class, but was the first to enter service. Named for the region of Lombardy, she was laid down in November 1889, was launched in July 1890, and was completed in February 1893. The ship was equipped with a main armament of four 15 cm and six 12 cm guns, and she could steam at a speed of 18 kn.

Lombardia served in a variety of roles throughout her career. She was initially assigned as a scout for the main Italian fleet before a stint abroad in South America, where an outbreak of yellow fever killed half of her crew. Another period in the main fleet followed in the late 1890s, and in 1901, the ship was deployed to the China station. In late 1903, she cruised off Italian Somaliland, and in 1906 she was converted to a depot ship for submarines. She served in this role for the remainder of her career, including during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911–12 and World War I in 1915-18. Lombardia was eventually sold for scrap in July 1920.

Design
Lombardia was 84.8 m long overall and had a beam of 12.03 m and a draft of 4.87 m. She displaced up to 3110 MT at full load. Her propulsion system consisted of a pair of horizontal triple-expansion engines, with steam supplied by four cylindrical water-tube boilers. On her speed trials, she reached a maximum of 18.4 kn at 6010 ihp. The ship had a cruising radius of about 2100 nmi at a speed of 10 kn. She had a crew of between 213–278.

Lombardia was armed with a main battery of four 15 cm L/40 guns mounted singly, with two side by side forward and two side by side aft. Six 12 cm L/40 guns were placed between them, with three on each broadside. Light armament included ten 57 mm guns and a pair of machine guns. She was also equipped with two 45 cm torpedo tubes. Lombardia was protected by a 50 mm thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.

Service history
Lombardia was built by the Castellammare shipyard in the eponymous city; her keel was laid on 19 November 1889. She was launched on 12 July 1890, and after completing fitting-out work, the new cruiser was commissioned into the Italian fleet on 16 February 1893, the first member of her class to enter service. The new ship did not immediately enter active service, however, and in 1894 was still kept in reserve status along with her sisters ITALIAN CRUISER Umbria and ITALIAN CRUISER Etruria. In 1896, Lombardia was in South American waters. An outbreak of yellow fever decimated the ship's crew while she was in Rio de Janiero; 134 men died as a result of the epidemic. The men were buried in local cemeteries and were eventually re-interred in a large mausoleum in Rio de Janiero in 1904. After returning to Italy in 1897, the ship was assigned to the cruiser squadron, alongside ITALIAN CRUISER Etna and ITALIAN CRUISER Dogali. For the periodic fleet maneuvers during the year, Lombardia was assigned to the First Division of the Reserve Squadron, which was centered on the ironclad battleships ITALIAN IRONCLAD Caio Duilio, ITALIAN IRONCLAD Ruggiero di Lauria, and ITALIAN IRONCLAD Lepanto. She remained in the Reserve Squadron the following year.

Lombardia was deployed to the China station in 1901 to replace her sister ITALIAN CRUISER Elba. She was joined on the voyage by the armored cruiser ITALIAN CRUISER Marco Polo, which in turn replaced ITALIAN CRUISER Vettor Pisani. In September 1902 Lombardia was in Nagasaki, Japan, with the Italian cruiser ITALIAN CRUISER Piemonte. The following month, she joined an international fleet that took part in the funeral of the Chinese Viceroy of Liangjiang, Liu Kunyi. Kunyi had protected Europeans during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900–01, for which he was lauded in the Western press. On 10 May 1903, Lombardia went to Shanghai and steamed up the Yangtze River. She thereafter departed the China station. Later that year, Lombardia was stationed in Italian Somaliland where she visited Illig, a small town on cliffs about 150 mi northeast of Hobyo. A landing party attempted to go to shore to negotiate with a group of raiders who had fortified the town, but they were driven off by rifle fire. Lombardia shelled the town in response, but to no effect. The ship then made a stop in Aden in late November – early December.

In 1906, Lombardia was converted into a depot ship for submarines; this work lasted until 1908. By the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in September 1911, she was still serving in this capacity, under the command of Prince Luigi Amedeo, then the Inspector of Torpedo Boats. Lombardia remained in the Adriatic Sea during the war and as a result she did not see action in the conflict. She served in this capacity through World War I until 4 July 1920, when she was sold for scrap and subsequently broken up.