X Corps (Grande Armée)

The X Corps of the Grande Armée was the name of a French military formation that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was first formed in 1807 and placed under the command of Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre. The unit was responsible for bringing the 1807 Siege of Danzig to a successful conclusion. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the corps was reconstituted and Marshal Jacques MacDonald appointed to lead it. The corps contained the Prussian contingent that went on to form the core of the reconstituted Prussian army in 1813. After the retreat from Russia, the corps was given the assignment of holding Danzig under the leadership of General of Division Jean Rapp. The 1813 Siege of Danzig lasted from January until November when the garrison surrendered to the Allies.

Order of Battle 1812
The Corps Commander was the experienced Maréchal de France Jacques-Étienne Macdonald, duc de Tarente, who had among his Aides-de-camp Chef d'escadron Seguier of the 14th Chasseurs à Cheval, Capitaine Jules J.-G. de Tamney and M. de Beurnonville, son of a one-time revolutionary Ministre de la Guerre.


 * Chief of Staff: Adjudant-commandant Jacques Terrier.
 * Chief, Artillery: General de division Albert-L.-V. Taviel.
 * Chief, Engineers: General de division Jacques-D.-M. de Campredon.
 * Aide-de-camp: Capitaine Garola.
 * Chef de bataillon Jean Marion de Beaulieu

7th Division

 * Commander: General de division Charles Louis baron Grandjean.
 * Aides de Camp: Chief d'batallion Theodore Meynier, Capitain Perrin (Perin), Lt. Maisonneuve.


 * Chief, Div. gen. staff : Plk. Jozef Nowicki.
 * Chief, Artillery : Chief d'batallion Farjon
 * Adjutant: Capt. Louis Chapuis
 * Chief, Engineers : Capt. 1er cl. Roger-P-M-A de Riencourt
 * Inspecteur aux revues : S.-ins. aux r. Reybaud (Rayband).


 * 1st Brigade

Commander: General de brigade Etienne Pierre baron Ricard


 * 5th Polish Line Regt. Plk. Stefan Oskierko.
 * 1st Battalion CdB Ludwik Kaminski.
 * 2nd Battalion CdB Jan Godlewski.
 * 3rd Battalion CdB Feliks Stokowski.
 * 4th Battalion N. (not present)


 * Regt Artillery Kapt. Ignacy Kulesza.


 * 13th Bavarian Line Regt.: Obst. Franz Baron Schlossberg
 * 1st Battalion Major Caspar Poyk (Poeck).
 * 2nd Battalion Major Franz v. Pillement.
 * As regimental artillery: 1 Zug, 2nd Bavarian 6 lb. Battery: Untlt. Alois Escher(t) II.

Commander General brygady ksiaze Michal Radziwill. Aide-de-Camp: Kpt. Antoni Niesiolowski.
 * 2nd Brigade


 * 10th Polish Line Regt. Plk. Henryk Kamienski.
 * 1st Battalion CdB Jan Krassin (Crassin, Krassyn).
 * 2nd Battalion CdB Franciszek Czyzewski.
 * 3rd Battalion Nicolas-Joseph (Mikolaj) Daine.
 * 4th Battalion N. (not present)


 * Regt. Artillery: Kapt. Leneke.

Commander General_de brigade Gilbert baron Bachelu.
 * 3rd Brigade


 * 11th Polish Line Regt. Plk. Aleksander Chlebowski.
 * 1st Battalion CdB Piotr Tzembeck (Szembeck).
 * 2nd Battalion CdB Kazimierz Poniatowski.
 * 3rd Battalion CdB Karol Jon(n)emann.
 * 4th Battalion N. (not present)


 * Regt. Artillery Kapt. Ostrowski.


 * 1st Westphalian Line Regt. Col. Georg Ferdinand v. Plessmann
 * 1st Battalion: C. de bat. Johann Philipp Bauer
 * 2nd Battalion: Capt. (later c. de bat.) David v. Kruse
 * Regt. Artillery: Kapt. v. Haustein.

Commander Obst. Karl F. v. Hunerbein.
 * Division Cavalry (from the 27th Division)


 * 1st Prussian Combined Hussar Regt.: Major Dietrich C. G. v. Cosel


 * 1st Lieb-Hussaren Regt.:
 * 3rd Sqdrn. Rittm. Karl L. F. Dallmer
 * 4th Sqdrn. Rittm. Meyer.


 * 2nd Lieb-Hussaren Regt.:
 * 2nd Sqdrn. Maj. v. Kurnatowsky.
 * 3rd Sqdrn. Rittm. Karl L. Zastrow.

Division Artillery and Engineers
 * 6th Polish Foot Comp. Kpt. Turdeski
 * 1st Polish Horse Comp. Kpt. Wladyslaw Tomasz Ostrowski.
 * Garde d'Artie. Polonaise (detachment).
 * 4th Polish Sapper Company Kpt. Jozef Dobrzyński

Military equipages:
 * 12th Battalion (a l'allemande):
 * 6th Company S.-lieutenant Benoist (?).

27th Infantry Division (Prussian)
Division Commander: Gen. der Inf. Julius A. v. Grawert. Chief of Staff : Oberst Friedrich E. v. Roeder (Gen. Adj., Kav.). Quartermaster: Obstlt. Johann F. K. v. Lossau (Genstab.). General Staff : Pr.-Lieut. Friedrich Aug. Karl v. Brandenstein (Genstab.). Chief Engineer : Maj. Markoff. 2nd in Command: Gen.-Lieut. Hans David Ludwig Graf Yorck ( later von Wartenburg). Adjutant Maj. Anton F. F. v. Seydlitz. General Staff: * Maj. Johann Alexander v. Traubenfeld (Genstab.) * Kapt. Wilhelm K. v. Schack (Genstab.) * Pr.-Lieut. Lollhofel v. Lowensprung (Genstab.) Infantry: Commander Gen.-Maj. Friedrich Emil Ferd. Graf Kleist v. Nollendorf. General Staff: Maj. Ernest H. W. v. Perbandt (Genstab.). Adjutant: Maj. Johann F. W. v. Schon. General Staff: * Maj. Heinrich A. E. v. Thile II (Genstab.) * Sec.-Lt. v. Rudiger (aggr. zum Genstab.)

Commander Obst. Hans Franz v. Below. Adjutant: Stabs-Kapit. v. Drygalski.
 * 1st Brigade


 * Inft. Regt. Nr. 1: Maj. Friedrich Wilhelm v. Sjoholm I (2nd O.P.).

Fus. Bat, 1st Opr Inft. Regt Maj. Christoph J. H. v. Erammon. I Bat, 2nd. Opr. Inft. Regt Maj. Ludwig v. Krauthof. II Bat, 1st Opr. Inft. Regt Maj. Carl v. Kurnatowsky.


 * Inft. Regt. Nr. 2 Maj. Ludwig F. v. Sjoholm II (3rd O. P.)

Fus. Bat, 4th Opr. Inft. Regt Maj. Johann F. v. Pfeiffer I Bat, 4th Opr. Inft. Regt Maj. v. Lubtow I Bat, 3rd Opr. Inft. Regt Maj. Karl R. W. v. Beckedorff


 * Fus. Bat. Nr. 7

Fus. Bat, 2nd Opr. Inft. Regt Maj. Friedrich W. v. Funck

Commander Obstlt. Heinrich Wilh. v. Horn Adjutant St. Kapt. August W. Graf Kanitz
 * 2nd Brigade


 * Inft. Regt. Nr. 3 Maj. Karl F. F. v. Steinmetz, Colberg Inft. Regt.

Fus. Bat, 1st Pom. Inft Regt Maj. August Ferdinand v. Borcke I Bat, Colb. Inft. Regt. Maj. Friedrich W. v. Quednow II Bat, 1st Pomm. Inft. Regt Maj. Carl Ludwig Frhr. v. Linsingen


 * Inft. Regt. Nr. 4 Maj. v. Tippelskirch

Fus. Bat, Lieb-Regt Maj. August Heinrich v. Reuss I Bat, Lieb-Regt Maj. Konstantin G. L. v. Zepelin and Maj. Friedrich Christoph v. Oertzen II Bat, Lieb-Regt. Maj. Julius Gustav Friedrich v. Both

Commander Oberst Eugen v. Raumer Adjutant Maj. v. Collrepp
 * 3rd Brigade


 * Inft. Regt. Nr. 5 Maj. Ludwig D. K. v. Schmalensee

Fus. Bat, 2nd Wpr. Inft. Regt Maj. Julius L. v. Rudolphi Maj. Georg W. v Lettow I Bat, 1st Wpr. Inft. Regt Maj. v. Imbrecht I Bat, 2nd Wpr. Inft. Regt Maj. Friedrich E. v. Loebell


 * Inft. Regt. Nr. 6 Maj. Arwed K. v. Carnall

Fus. Bat, 2nd Sch. Inft. Regt Maj. Karl G. S. v. Lessel II Bat, 2nd Sch. Inft. Regt Maj. Karl Heinriich v. Ziemietzi II Bat, 1st Sch. Inft. Regt Maj. v. Happe
 * Ostprussishe Jager Bat. Maj. Vollmar K. F. v._Clausewitz

attached to Bat. 1st 3 lb Bttr. Pr. Art. Brigade Uffz. Staffehl (one 3-lbr)

Division Cavalry Commander Gen.-Lt. Friedrich E. v. Massenbach General Staff Maj. Ludwig E. C. v. Kyckpusch (Genstab.) Adjutants

Commander Obst. Wilhelm Jeannert 1st Combined Dragoner-Regt. Maj. Karl A. W. v. Treskow
 * 1st Brigade
 * Litth. Dragoner-Regt.

2nd Sqdrn. Maj. v. Kameke 4th Sqdrn. St. Rittm. Dresler


 * 2nd Westpr. Dragoner-Regt Maj. Ernst T. v. Eicke

1st sqdrn. Maj. v. Manstein 2nd sqdrn Maj. Friedrich Frhr. v. Stiern


 * 2nd Combined Dragoner-Regt.Obstlt. Alexander G. L. M. M. v. Wahlen-Jurgass
 * 1st Westpr. Dragoner-Regt.

1st sqdrn. Rittm. Karl Weiss 3rd sqdrn. Rittm. Ernst L. B. v. Printz 3rd Combined Hussaren-Regt. Maj. Ernest T. v. Eicke
 * 1st. Schles. Hussaren-Regt.

1st sqdrn. St. Rittm. Friedrich A. Kehler 3rd sqdrn. St. Rittm. Muller


 * 2nd Schles. Hussaren-Regt

1st sqdrn Maj. Johann H. v. Schill 2nd sqdrn

Corps Artillery Commander Major Johann H. v. Schmidt


 * Foot Artillery: Commander Maj. Joh. Friedr. v. Fiebig (I)

6 lb Foot Battery No. 1: Pr.-Kapit. Huet 6 lb Foot Battery No. 2: Stabs-Kapit. Wegner 6 lb Foot Battery No. 3: Stabs-Kapit. Ziegler 6 lb Foot Battery No. 4: Pr.-Kapit. Ludwig 12 lb half Battery: Pr.-Kapit. v. Roszynski


 * Horse Artillery: Commander Maj. Gustav v. Feibig (II)

1st Horse Battery: Stabs-Kapit. Johann K. L. v. Zincken 2nd Horse Battery: Pr.-Kapit. Georg W. v. Rentzell 3rd Horse Battery: Pr.Kapit. v. Graumann


 * Artillery Park:

Park (Munitions) columns: No. 1 Sec.-Lieut. Schliew No. 2 Sec.-Lieut. Herrmann No. 3 Prem.-Lieut. Barenkampff No. 4 Pr.-Kapit. Meyer (4th Ft. Comp., Pr. Brig.) No. 5 Sec.-Lieut. v. Hertig I (Brand) (8th Ft. Comp., Brand. Brig.)

Bridging Column: Handwerk Columns: from Pr. Art. Brigade: Sec.-Lieut. Lieben (2nd Ft. Btry.) No. 1: No. 2:

60 cannon total artillery


 * Siege Train

Miners: 1st Battalion: 3rd Company: 5th Company:

2nd Battalion: 1st Company:

Sappers: 1st Battalion: 5th Company (with II Corps)

Sapeurs de I'ile d'Elbe: 1st Company 2nd Company

Polish: 4th Company (with 7th Div.) Prussian: (2 companies with X Corps)

Marine: Bataillion d'ouviers de l'Escaut: Company: Company:

17th equipage de flottille:

Recommended reading

 * Akademja Umiejetnosci, Kraków. Polski Slownik Biograficzny. Kraków, 1935-.
 * Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 56 vols. Leipzig, 1875-1912.
 * Almanach Royal de Wesphalie. Cassel, 1812-1813.
 * Almanach Imperial. 1812-13. Paris, 1812-13.
 * Auriol, Charles. "Retraite du 10e Corps de la Grande-Armée de la Dwina sur Dantzig (1812), Documents Inedits". In La Spectateur Militaire. Vol. 42. Paris, 1888. pp. 226–296.
 * Baltische Monatsschrift. 1910-1912.
 *  Beihefte zum Militar-Wochenblatt. Nr. 8-9. Berlin, 1894. pp. 268–298.
 * Bogdanovich, Modest I. Istoriia Otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda. 3 vols. Spb., 1859-60.
 * Charbanier, Jean. "La Grande Armée en Lithuanie et en Courland". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1973. pp. 29–47.
 * Chelminski, Jan and A. Malibran. L'Armee du Duche de Varsovie. Paris, 1913.
 * Costantini, A. "Le Marechal Macdonald, Chef du 10e Corps Juin 1812 - Janvier 1813". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1971. pp. 58–78.
 * Dziennik dzialan wojennych 7 dywizji (gdanskiej) w 1812 r. Edited by Janusz Staszewskii. In ARocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1937.
 * Defense de Dantzig en 1813 : Journal de Siege : Journal Personnel et Notes du General du Division de Campredon Commandant le Genie du Xe Corps : Lettres Diverses / annotés et publiés par Charles Auriol.@ Paris, 1888.
 * Droysen. Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen York von Wartenberg. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1913.
 * Eckardt. York und Paulucci. Aktenstucke und Beitrage zur Geschichte der Convention von Tauroggen. Leipzig, 1865.
 * Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de 1812, Documents Relatifs a l'Aile Gauche 20 Aout - 4 Decembre. Paris, 1912.
 * Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de Russie, 1812. 5 vols. Paris, 1900-03.
 * Hartwich, Julius von. 1812. Der Feldzug in Kurland. Nach den tagbuchern und briefen des Leutnants Julius v. Hartwich zusammengestellt von Rugiger v. Schoeler. Berlin, 1910.
 * Gembarzewski, Bronislav. Wojska Polskie, Ksiestwo Warszawskie 1807-1814. Warsaw, 1912.
 * Kirkor, Stanislaw. Pod Sztandarami Napoleona. London, 1982.
 * Kreuzwendedich von der Borne. Geschichte des Infanterie-Regiments Prinz Louis Ferdinand v. Preussen, 2. Magdeburgisches Nr 27 von 1815-1895. Berlin, 1896.
 * Lossberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von. Briefe in die Heimat. Cassel, 1844.
 * Loza, Stanislaw. Legia Honorowa w Polsce 1803-1923. Zamość, 1923.
 * Lunsmann, Fritz. Die Armee des Koniglichs Westfalen 1807-1813. Berlin, 1935.
 * Marco de Saint-Hilaire, Emile. Histoire de la Campagne de Russie pendant l'Annee 1812.... 2 vols. Paris, [1846-1848].
 * Margueron, Cmdt. Campagne de Russie. 3 vols. in 4. Paris, n.d.
 * Martinien, A. Tableaux par corps et par batailles des officiers tues et blesses pedant les guerres de l'Empire (1805–1815). Reprint edition.. Paris, Editions Militaires Europeennes, S.d.
 * Nafziger, George et al. Poles and Saxons of the Napoleonic Wars. Chicago, 1991.
 * Nekrolog of Georg Plessmann in "Frankfurther patriotisches Wochenblatt ...." Nro. 10, 1817.
 * Ostrowski, Ant. Zywot Thomasza Ostrowskiego. vol. 1. Lvov, 1872.
 * Otechestvennaia voina 1812 goda. Part I, 21 volumes (in 22); Part II, 1 volume. St.-Petersburg, Tipografia ABerezhlivost, 1900-1914. The first 7 volumes of Part I were translated into French by E. Cazalas and published, at the direction of the Section Historique of the French General Staff, under the title ALa guerre nationale de 1812", beginning in 1902.
 * Polotsko-vitebskaia starina. Vitebsk, 1911-1916.
 * Poniatowski, Jozef, prince. Korrespondencya ksiecia Jozefa Poniatowskiego z Francya. 5 vols. Poznań, 1921-29.
 * Das Preussische Heer der Befreiungskriege. Vol.1. Berlin, 1912. Reprint edition, 1982.
 * Priesdorf, Kurt von. Soldatisches Fuhrertum. 10 vols. Hamburg, 1936-45.
 * Quintin, Danielle et Bernard. Dictionnaire de Colonels de Napoleon. 1996. S.P.M., Paris.
 * Rangliste der Koniglich Bayerischen Armee fur das Jahr 1811. Neudruch der Ausgabe 1811. Osnabrück, 1982.
 * Rang- und Quartierliste der Preussischen Armee von 1812. Unveranderter Faksimiledruck mit einer Einleitung von Werner Hahlweg. Osnabrück, 1968.
 * Rousset, Camille editor. Souvenirs du Marechal Macdonald, duc de Tarente. Paris, 1892.
 * Schoning, Kurd Wolfgang v. Historisch-biographische Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Brandenburgisch-Preussischen Artillerie. Vol. 3. Berlin, 1845.
 * Schubert, Franz and Hans Vara. Geschichte des K. B. 13. Infanterie-Regiments Kaiser Franz Joseph von Osterreich. Vol 1. Munich, 1910.
 * Seraphim. Der Feldzeug in Kurland 1812. Riga, 1910.
 * Seydlitz. Tagebuch des K. Preussischen Armeecorps im Feldzuge 1812. Berlin, 1823.
 * "10e Corps d'Armee - Situation au 20. Juin 1812" in Marshal Davout's archive at the S. H. A. T.
 * Six, Georges. Dictionaire Biographique des Généraux & Admiraux Français de la Revolution et de l'Empire (1792–1814). 2 volumes. Reprint edition. Paris, Georges Saffroy, 1974.
 * Stalins, Jean-Luc. Ordre Imperial de la Reunion. Paris, 1958.
 * Strotha, von. Die Koniglich Preussische Reitende Artillerie vom Jahre 1759 bis 1816. Berlin, 1861. Reprint edition Wiesbaden, 1981.
 * Staszewski, Janusz. "Dywizja gdanska w walkach nad Dzwina i w obronie Gdanska (1812–13)". In Rocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1933-34.
 * Staszewski, Janusz. "Z dziejow garizonu polskiego w Gdansku w latach 1808-1812". In ARocznik Gdanski Vol. 7/8. Gdańsk, 1937.
 * "Die Theilnahme des Preussischen Hulfscorps an dem Feldzuge gegen Russland im Jahre 1812". In Kriegsgeschichtliche Einzelschriften Vol. 4, Heft 24. Berlin, 1898. Pp. vii, 433-566, 5 folding maps.
 * Voenno-istoricheskii sbornik. Spb., 1911-16.
 * Voigt, Gunter. Deutschlands Heere bis 1918. Ursprung und Entwicklung der eizelnen Formationen. Vol 1 - Die Garde- und die Grenadier-Regimenter 1-12 der preussoischen Armee. Osnabrück, 1980.
 * Wesolowski, Zdzislaw P. The Order of the Virtuti Militari and its Cavaliers 1792-1992 (sic)... Miami, 1992.
 * Zych, Gabriel. Armia Ksiestwa Warszawskiego 1807-1812. Warsaw, 1961.