John Hackett (British Army officer)

General Sir John Winthrop Hackett GCB, CBE, DSO & Bar, MC (5 November 1910 – 9 September 1997) was an Australian-born British soldier, painter, university administrator, author and in later life, respected and sought-after commentator.

Early life
Hackett, who was nicknamed "Shan", was born in Perth, Western Australia.

His Irish Australian father, also named Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848–1916), originally from Tipperary, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1871; M.A., 1874), and migrated to Australia in 1875, eventually settling in Western Australia in 1882 where he became a newspaper proprietor and editor, and a politician.

His mother was Deborah Drake-Brockman. Her parents were prominent members of Western Australian society: Grace Bussell, famous for rescuing shipwreck survivors as a teenager and Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman, a prominent surveyor and explorer. Deborah had three sisters and three brothers.

On 3 August 1905, aged 57, Hackett senior married eighteen-year-old Deborah Drake-Brockman (1887–1965) &mdash; later Deborah, Lady Hackett; Deborah, Lady Moulden; and Dr Deborah Buller Murphy &mdash; a director of mining companies. They had four daughters and son. Hackett senior died in 1916. Lady Hackett remarried in 1918 and moved to Adelaide to live.

Hackett junior received secondary schooling at Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, after which he travelled to London to study painting at the Central School of Art. He then studied Greats and Modern History at New College, Oxford, earning an M.A. As his degree was not good enough for an academic career, Hackett joined the British Army and was commissioned into the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars in 1933, having previously joined the Supplementary Reserve of Officers in 1931. During his military training he completed a thesis in history with focus on the crusades and the early Middle Ages, particularly Saladin’s campaign in the Third Crusade, for which he was awarded a B. Litt. He also qualified as an interpreter in French, German and Italian, studied Arabic, and eventually became fluent in ten languages.

He served in Mandate Palestine and was mentioned in despatches in 1936 and then with the Trans-Jordan Frontier Force from 1937–1941 and was twice mentioned in despatches.

Second World War
Hackett fought with the British Army in the Second World War Syria-Lebanon campaign, where he was wounded and as a result of his actions was awarded the Military Cross. During his recovery in Palestine he met Margaret Fena, the Austrian widow of a German. Despite the difficulties involved, he persisted and eventually gained permission from the authorities; they married in Jerusalem in 1942.

In the North African campaign he commanded C Squadron of the 8th Hussars (his parent unit) and was wounded again when his Stuart tank was hit during the battles for Sidi Rezegh airfield. He was severely burnt when escaping the stricken vehicle. He received his first Distinguished Service Order for this event.

Whilst recuperating at GHQ in Cairo he was instrumental in the formation of the Long Range Desert Group, the Special Air Service and Popski's Private Army.

In 1944, Hackett raised and commanded the 4th Parachute Brigade for the Allied assault on Arnhem, in Operation Market Garden. In the battle at Arnhem Brigadier Hackett was severely wounded in the stomach, was captured and taken to the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Arnhem. A German doctor at the hospital wanted to administer a lethal injection to Hackett, because he thought that the case was hopeless. However he was operated on by Alexander Lipmann-Kessel, who with superb surgery managed to save the brigadier's life. After a period of recuperation, he managed to escape with the help of the Dutch underground. Although he was unfit to be moved, the Germans were about to move him to a POW camp. He was taken by 'Piet van Arnhem', a resistance worker from Ede, and driven to Ede. They were stopped on the way but Hackett had extra bloody bandages applied, to make him look even worse than he was. Piet told the checkpoint that they were taking him to hospital. They were let through despite the hospital being in the opposite direction, from which they had just come.

He was hidden by a Dutch family called de Nooij who lived at No. 5 Torenstraat in Ede, an address that no longer exists due to development. The de Nooij family nursed the brigadier back to health over a period of several months and he then managed to escape again with the help of the underground. He remained friends with the de Nooij family for the rest of their lives, visiting them immediately after they were liberated, bearing gifts. Hackett wrote about this experience in his book I Was A Stranger in 1978. He received his second DSO for his service at Arnhem.

Post-war career
He returned to Palestine in 1947 where he assumed command of the Trans-Jordan Frontier Force. Under his direction the force was disbanded as part of the British withdrawal from the region. He attended university at Graz as a postgraduate in Post Mediæval Studies. After attending Staff College in 1951 he was appointed to command the 20th Armoured Brigade and, on being promoted to Major General, assumed command of the 7th Armoured Division. In 1958 he became Commandant of the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham, and was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1961. He became General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Northern Ireland Command in 1961 and was knighted (KCB) on 2 June 1962. In 1963, he was appointed to Ministry of Defence as Deputy Chief of the General Staff, responsible for forces organisation and weapon development and became the leading figure in the reorganisation of the Territorial Army, something which made him unpopular. It was a controversial decision therefore to promote him to general and, in 1965, give him command of the British Army of the Rhine and the parallel command of NATO's Northern Army Group, but his ability to speak several languages made him a natural choice, as did his friendship with foreign soldiers such as General Kielmansegg of the Bundeswehr. In 1968 he wrote a highly controversial letter to The Times, critical of the British Government's apparent lack of concern over the strength of NATO forces in Europe but signed the letter as a NATO officer, not as a British commander.

After retirement from the Army, Sir John continued to be active in several areas. From 1968 to 1975 he was Principal of King's College London. He proved to be a popular figure, addressing gatherings of students on several occasions, and attending at least one NUS demonstration for higher student grants.

In 1978, Sir John wrote a novel, The Third World War: August 1985, which was a fictionalized scenario of the Third World War based on a Soviet Army invasion of West Germany in 1985. It was followed in 1982 by The Third World War: The Untold Story, which elaborated on the original, including more detail from a Soviet perspective. The American author Max Brooks has cited Hackett's work as one source of inspiration for the latter's World War Z novel.

His (British) military decorations included the Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Distinguished Service Order and Bar, Military Cross, and six times Mentioned in Dispatches.

His obituary in The Times called him a man of "intellect and prodigious courage."

Publications
(Note: authorship dates may not be reliable and are for guidance only)


 * Popski's Private Army, 1950, ISBN 0-304-36143-7 (Foreword only)
 * The Profession Of Arms, 1963, ISBN 0-02-547120-1
 * I Was A Stranger, 1978, ISBN 0-395-27087-1
 * The Third World War, 1978, ISBN 0-425-04477-7
 * Third World War: Lecture, 1979 ISBN 0-85287-132-5
 * Arnhem Doctor, 1981, ISBN 0-85613-324-8 (Foreword only)
 * The Third World War: The Untold Story, 1982, ISBN 0-283-98863-0
 * The Middle East Commandos, 1988, ISBN 0-7183-0645-7 (Foreword only)
 * Warfare In the Ancient World, 1989, ISBN 0-283-99591-2
 * The Desert Rats: History of the 7th Armoured Division, 1990, ISBN 1-85367-063-4 (Introduction only)
 * The Devil's Birthday: Bridges to Arnhem, 1944, 1992, ISBN 0-85052-352-4
 * The History of the Glider Pilot Regiment: An Official History, 1992, ISBN 0-85052-326-5
 * One Night In June, 1994, 1853104922 (Introduction only)
 * Map of the D-Day Landings, 1994, ISBN 0-7028-2668-5 (Foreword only)
 * To Save A Life, 1995, ISBN 1-898094-10-1

Honours and awards
Sources:

Hackett was also mentioned in despatches six times:
 * 1) 1936 Palestine
 * 2) 1937 "Trans-Jordan Frontier Force"
 * 3) 1937 "Trans-Jordan Frontier Force"
 * 4) 1944 Italy
 * 5) 1945 Arnhem
 * 6) 1949 Palestine

More information

 * The Biography of General Sir John "Shan" Hackett GCB DSO MC, by Roy Fullick 2003, ISBN 0-85052-975-1

Obituaries

 * Arthur, Max. 'Obituary – General Sir John Hackett', The Independent (London), 11 September 1997, p. 12.
 * Obituary of General Sir John Hackett, The Times, 10 September 1997, p. 21.
 * Barker, Dennis. 'Obituary – General Sir John Hackett' The Guardian (Manchester), 10 September 1997, p. 15.