Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg

Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg (Фёдор Викторович Винберг, 27.06.1868 - 14.02.1927) — Russian military officer, publisher and journalist.

Biography
Born in Kiev in the family of a general, Vinberg studied in high school in Kiev and in the Alexander Lyceum. From 1891-1892 he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1893 he entered military service. Serving in the cavalry, he rose to the rank of colonel in 1911.

In the years before World War I, he became involved in extreme right-wing politics, joining The Union of Archangel Michael and writing for right-wing publications.

During the First World War he commanded the 2nd Baltic cavalry regiment. He became personally acquainted with Tsarina Aleksandra for whom he developed a strong emotional attachment. There were even rumours of an affair. After the February Revolution he left the army.

After the October revolution he was imprisoned by the Bolsheviks for his role in an alleged plot to overthrow the provisional government. He pleaded not guilty and pointed to the absurdity of such charges by the Bolsheviks, who had overthrown the Provisional government themselves. He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment by the revolutionary tribunal, but released in early 1918. There he met fellow rightwingers including Piotr Shabelsky-Bork who became his friend and collaborator. In prison he kept notes, which he published later.

He made a dangerous journey to Kiev to fight with the White army, where he was arrested and rescued by German forces, accompanying them in their retreat. In 1919 he was in Berlin, where he published the short-lived right-wing newspapers Prizyv ("The Call") and Luch Sveta ("A Ray of Light") magazine. In his magazine he republished the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.

In the wake of the Kapp Putsch of March 1920, Vinberg moved from Berlin to Munich. In 1921 he published in Russian a book Krestny Put (The Way of the Cross) translated into German as Via Dolorosa. There in 1922 as a leading member of the conspiratorial Aufbau Vereinigung (Reconstruction Organisation) he had lengthy and detailed discussions with Hitler on ideological matters. Later that year, under suspicion for his involvement in the assassination of Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, he moved to France, where he died in 1927.

Ideas
Vinberg was a loyal Russian monarchist with an aristocratic contempt for the masses. He was much influenced by the anti-Semitic speculations in Dostoyevsky’s Diary of a Writer. He called for "Aryan peoples" to unite against the "Jewish plan for world domination". For Russia he advocated a return to the strong authority of the Tsar, which he hoped to restore with German help, and that Orthodoxy should unite with Catholicism and learn from its methods in waging ideological war against the enemy, beginning by anathematising the Masons and all of Satan's servants "at Easter Week in all the churches and all the cathedrals of our homeland". Burbank comments- "...in other words a nation wide pogrom".

Walter Laqueur describes his ideas as "a half-way house between the old Black Hundred and National Socialism" and claims that Vinberg distinguished two kinds of anti-semitism: the "higher", concerned with restrictive laws against the Jews, and the "lower", the brutal and homicidal behaviour of the lower classes, which was terrible but essential if the Jewish menace, recently responsible for communist revolution, is finally to be laid to rest.

Norman Cohn says that "in all his writings Vinberg insists that one way or another the Jews must be got rid of". Although as a political programme his ideas could not be taken seriously he correctly foresaw the propaganda success of the Protocols in Germany.

According to Kellogg neither Vinberg nor his Aufbau colleagues publicly proposed "exterminating Jews along the lines of the National Socialist policy that became known as the Final Solution". Nevertheless his apocalyptic language was so extreme that Laqueur concluded:- "Vinberg is quite emphatic about this, the only solution is total physical extermination." Richard Pipes writes: -"... it was Vinberg and his friends who first called publicly for the physical extermination of the Jews", giving Laqueur as reference.

Notwithstanding Laqueur’s conviction that his upper class ideas would have been of little interest or value to Hitler, Vinberg does appear to have been responsible for Hitler’s conversion to the idea of worldwide Jewish-Bolshevist conspiracy. Also many of Rosenberg’s own ideas were said to be have been lifted straight from his friend Vinberg's writings. Although his influence on Nazi thought declined following the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, and anti-Slav sentiment gained ascendancy in Nazi policy, Kellogg argues it revived with the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 and bears some responsibility for the horrors which ensued.

Publications

 * Akhad-Kham, Asher Gint︠s︡berg.
 * Taĭnyĭ vozhdʹ īudeĭskīĭ.: Perevod s frantsuzskago
 * [of Miss L. Fry by Th. Vinberg, being an attempt to prove
 * the "Protokoly Sīonskikh Mudret︠s︡ov"
 * published in a work by S. A. Nilus
 * to be a work by U. Ginzberg].
 * by Leslie Fry; Thedor Viktorovich Vinberg Berlin, 1922.
 * OCLC:	84780936


 * Krestny Put (Via Dolorosa)- 1921