HMS Lively (G40)

HMS Lively was an L-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She served during the Second World War, and was sunk in the Mediterranean in an air attack on 11 May 1942.

Commissioned in 1941 she was briefly active in British waters, sailing in the North Sea, but was soon reassigned to the Mediterranean, where she was active as part of the Mediterranean Fleet, and Force K, based at Malta. Lively played a role in escorting several convoys to and from the island, as well as intercepting enemy supply convoys to North Africa. She took part in the First and Second Battles of Sirte, and was damaged on a number of occasions in air and surface attacks. She was eventually sunk off Tobruk in May 1942 while attempting to intercept an enemy convoy.

Construction and commissioning
Lively was ordered on 31 March 1938 from Cammell Laird, of Birkenhead as part of the 1937 Programme. She was laid down on 20 December 1938, launched on 29 January 1941, and commissioned on 20 July 1941. Her initial armament was altered slightly during construction in 1940, and she became one of four ships of her class to be rated as anti-aircraft destroyers.

North Sea and Mediterranean
After working up in July 1941, Lively was assigned to Western Approaches Command in August, and was based at Greenock. One of her first duties was to deploy from Scapa Flow on 22 August with HMS Lightning (G55) and the cruiser HMS Curacoa (D41) to escort the damaged French submarine Rubis back to Dundee. In September she was assigned to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla based at Gibraltar, where she was one of the destroyers assigned to screen the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (91), and other capital ships, making deliveries of aircraft to Malta. On 24 September she sailed from Gibraltar as part of the escort for Ark Royal, and the battleships HMS Nelson (28), HMS Rodney (29) and HMS Prince of Wales (53), which were supporting Operation Halberd. The ships came under air attack which left Rodney slightly damaged, but the destroyers were able to drive off the enemy aircraft. While returning to Gibraltar on 30 September, the ships were attacked by the Italian submarine Adua. Lively supported the hunt for her, which eventually sank the Adua.

Malta and convoys
Lively remained at Gibraltar until being assigned to Force K in October and despatched to escort Force H, which was delivering aircraft to Malta. She was then based out of Malta, and on 8 November she sailed with HMS Lance (G87) and the cruisers HMS Aurora (12) and HMS Penelope (97) to intercept an enemy supply convoy in the central Mediterranean. The convoy was brought to action on 9 November, and the Battle of the Duisburg Convoy broke out between the British attackers and the Italian escorts. During the battle all seven of the merchants and one of the escorts, the destroyer Fulmine were sunk.

Another convoy was detected near Malta by aircraft later in the month, and Force K put to sea again on 23 November to intercept it. The following day the convoy, consisting of the German supply ships Maritza and Procidas, and two escorting Italian torpedo boats, was attacked and both merchants sunk. On 1 December the Italian troop transport Adriatio was sunk by Aurora and Penelope, with some survivors being rescued by Lively. Later that day the damaged Italian tanker Irido Mantovani, which was being towed by the destroyer Alvise da Mosta, was intercepted, and both ships sunk.

On 5 December Lively joined the cruisers HMS Ajax (22) and HMS Neptune (20) and the destroyers HMS Kimberley (F50) and HMS Kingston (F64) in escorting the supply ship Breconshire from Malta to Crete, and then joining the Breconshire on her return leg from Alexandria carrying supplies on 16 December. The following day they moved into the range of an Axis supply convoy being escorted by several Italian capital ships, and the First Battle of Sirte broke out. Lively took part in the confusing exchange, before being detached to escort the Breconshire and several other warships into Malta. She returned to sea on 18 December with Aurora, Penelope and Neptune, and the destroyers HMS Kandahar (F28), HMS Havock (H43) and HMS Lance (G87) in an attempt to intercept an Italian supply convoy, but on 19 December the force ran into a minefield and Neptune and Kandahar were sunk and Aurora and Penelope were damaged.

Lively spent January and February escorting relief convoys to and from Malta, before sailing with a force to locate a reported damaged Italian cruiser on 9 March. The force came under air attack on 11 March, with the cruiser HMS Naiad (93) being sunk by a torpedo. Lively helped to rescue survivors. On 22 March Lively became involved in the Second Battle of Sirte, carrying out torpedo attacks and being damaged when a 15 inch shell exploded alongside. Detached to sail to Tobruk the following day, she suffered further damage from air attacks, but reached the port. Lively sailed from Tobruk to Alexandria in April, and then rejoined her flotilla after repairs had been completed.

Sinking
On 10 May she sailed from Alexandria with HMS Jervis (F00), HMS Jackal (F22) and HMS Kipling (F91) to transport indispensable supplies to Malta. The force was ordered to return if spotted by enemy aircraft, as there was only limited allied air cover available. On 11 May the British force came under heavy air attack, with Lively being dive-bombed and sunk 100 miles north east of Tobruk, with the loss of 77 of her crew. Jervis and Jackal were both damaged in these attacks, with Jackal having to be scuttled by Jervis after attempts to tow her failed. Jervis took on board survivors from both Lively and Jackal, and returned them to Alexandria. Despite a wartime career lasting less than a year since her commissioning, she won five battle honours: Atlantic 1941, Mediterranean 1941, Malta Convoys 1941-2, Libya 1942, and Sirte 1942.