Agrippa Hull

Agrippa Hull (1759–1848) was an African-American patriot who served as an aide to Tadeusz Kościuszko, a Polish military officer, engineer and nobleman, for five years during the American Revolutionary War. He served for a total of six years and two months. After the war he received a veterans pension; as it was signed by George Washington, he treasured it for the rest of his life. Born free in Northampton, Massachusetts in 1759 in the middle of the Seven Years' War, Hull became the largest black landowner in Stockbridge, where he lived after the war. He lived to be eighty-nine.

Early life, education, military service
At eighteen years old, Hull enlisted in 1777 for six years to fight with the Patriots. For nearly five years, he was a personal aide for Thaddeus Kosciuszko, the Polish engineer and nobleman who was important to Continental defenses. He also assisted the medical corps in caring for the sick and wounded. The last two years he worked with doctors and was trained to perform simple operations, including amputations of body parts and fixing broken bones.

Impressed with Hull and other African Americans in the Continentals, Kosciuszko became a strong supporter of abolitionism. In 1798 he named his friend Thomas Jefferson as executor of his will; he intended to use his American estate to purchase freedom for black slaves, including those of Jefferson. But, after his death in 1817, neither Jefferson nor another executor carried out his plans, and his money was eventually transferred in 1852 to his heirs in Poland.

Return to Massachusetts
When the war was over, Hull returned to Massachusetts. He used his savings to buy land in Stockbridge where, over the years, he became one of the largest black landowners in the town. He steadily purchased property from his savings from work. He later worked as a servant in the household of Theodore Sedgwick, who as a young attorney had defended Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett) in her freedom suit and helped gain an end to slavery in Massachusetts after the Revolutionary War. Freeman worked for the Sedgewick household for years as well. Sedgwick became a state and national politician before being appointed as a justice for the Massachusetts State Supreme Court.