Bill Stone

William Frederick "Bill" Stone (23 September 1900 – 10 January 2009) was one of the last five First World War veterans who served in the United Kingdom's armed forces and one of the last two seamen worldwide, along with Claude Choules. They were also the last two to also serve in the Second World War, although Stone saw action only in the Second World War as he was still in training when the First World War ended.

Stone was born in Ledstone, Kingsbridge, Devon and enlisted in the Royal Navy on his 18th birthday. He served onboard HMS Tiger shortly after the end of the First World War, before serving on a number of ships including HMS Hood (51). At the beginning of the Second World War Stone was serving on the minesweeper HMS Salamander before moving onto the light cruiser HMS Newfoundland in 1941. After the war, he ran his own barber's shop. In his later years Stone was present at many memorial services including the 90th anniversary commemorations at the Cenotaph in London. He died on 10 January 2009.

Early life
Stone was born in Ledstone, Devon, as the tenth of fourteen children, and enlisted into the Royal Navy on his 18th birthday. Two of his older brothers had already joined the navy, and a third was in the army. He had first tried to join up at the age of fifteen, walking three miles from where he was working on a farm, to Kingsbridge, to collect the attestation papers, but his father refused to countersign them.

Naval service
The first record of his naval service describes him as being 5'5.5" (1.66 m) tall, with a 32.5" (83 cm) chest, brown hair and blue eyes, and his prior occupation as stationary engine driver. He trained as a Stoker in Plymouth, and could remember the dancing in the streets on Armistice Day. His first position was as a Stoker aboard the battlecruiser HMS Tiger, and by summer 1919 was at the main wartime Royal Navy base at Scapa Flow, here he was a witness to the scuttling of the German fleet.

He remained in the navy after the war, serving on HMS Hood during the 1920s, including a round-the-world "Empire Cruise" showing the flag in British colonies from 1922–24. He married Lily in 1938, the marriage lasting until her death in 1995; they had one daughter, Anne. By the outbreak of the Second World War he was Chief Stoker of the Halcyon class minesweeper HMS Salamander. On her he participated in the evacuation of Dunkirk, with Salamander making five shuttle trips and picking up over a 1,000 men from the beaches. He later described his experience there for the Oxford Mail:

"Dunkirk was the worst experience of my life ... I saw hundreds of people killed in front of me. Some had no clothes on and were shot and bombed as they swam out to boats. There were oil tanks burning, ships sinking and hundreds of soldiers lined up on the beaches."

He served on the Arctic convoys and in the Mediterranean, and was also torpedoed twice. The second time was while serving aboard the Crown Colony class light cruiser HMS Newfoundland during the Allied invasion of Sicily, when it was hit by U-407. Following temporary repairs in Malta, the ship limped across the Atlantic steering using only its two propellers, for full repair at the Boston Navy Yard. He was Mentioned in Despatches on 21 December 1943 for his service on this occasion. He served with the occupation forces in north Germany, and was a Stoker Chief Petty Officer when he left the navy in 1945. After the war, he ran his own barber's shop, where he also sold cigarettes and smoking tobacco, he retired in 1968.

Later life
Some time after his retirement he moved to Watlington in Oxfordshire. He attended the 60th anniversary of the Dunkirk evacuations in 2000, outliving the Dunkirk Veterans' Association which disbanded after this commemoration. In 2005, he became Fox FM's Local Hero and Central Television's Personality of the Year. He broke his hip in 2006, at age 106, which forced him to leave Watlington, Oxfordshire. He moved into a retirement facility in Sindlesham, a suburb of Winnersh, which lies between Reading and Wokingham, in 2007.

On 11 November 2008, marking the 90th anniversary of the end of the First World War, together with fellow veterans Henry Allingham and Harry Patch, Stone laid a commemorative wreath for the Act of Remembrance at the Cenotaph in London.

Stone died on 10 January 2009. His daughter described him as a "very determined character [...] a man of great faith and his recipe for long life was: 'Clean living, contented mind and trust in God.' His motto: 'Keep going.'" His funeral was held on 29 January 2009 at St Leonard's Church, Watlington. In September 2009, memoirs detailing Stone's experience of the two world wars were published.

Medals
Stone received many medals in his 27 year career in the Navy. These included campaign medals and commemorative medals issued on anniversaries and commemorations.


 * British Empire Campaign Medals
 * British War Medal BAR.svg British War Medal for the First World War 1914-1920 campaign


 * British Commonwealth Campaign Medals
 * 1939-45 Star.gif 1939-1945 Star for the Second World War campaign
 * Atlantic Star w clasp BAR.svg Atlantic Star (with clasp) for the Second World War Battle of the Atlantic campaign (clasp denotes entitlement to the 'France and Germany Star')
 * Africa Star.gif Africa Star for the Second World War Africa 1940-43 campaign
 * Italy Star ribbon.png Italy Star for the Second World War 1943-45 campaign
 * Defence Medal ribbon.png Defence Medal for the Second World War 1939-45 campaign
 * War Medal 39-45 BAR MID.png War Medal 1939-1945 (with Oak Leaf) for the Second World War 1939-45 campaign (Oak Leaf signifying a Mention in Despatches)
 * Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (UK) ribbon.png Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal for 15 years or longer service with the Royal Navy


 * Foreign Medals
 * Malta George Cross Fiftieth Anniversary Medal Ribbon.png Malta George Cross Fiftieth Anniversary Medal for qualifying service on Malta 10 June 1940 to 8 September 1943
 * 40 years of victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" (for Arctic convoy service), also known as the Russian Convoy Medal 1941-1945 40th Anniversary Medal
 * 50 years of victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" (for Arctic convoy service), also known as the Russian Convoy Medal 1941-1945 50th Anniversary Medal.


 * Commemorative Medals
 * Dunkirk Medal for Veterans of the Dunkirk Evacuation 1940

The Dunkirk and 50th Anniversary Russian commemorative medals are not officially recognised by The Queen and should not be worn on formal occasions. However it is usual to wear official medals on the left chest lapel and have unofficial medals form a second row underneath. Bill Stone wore his medals in this manner.

Ships
Listed here are the seagoing vessels that Stone served on. At various times he was posted to shore establishments for training or other duties. Smaller vessels were also officially assigned to a depot ship.
 * HMS Tiger Battle cruiser – 1919-1922
 * HMS Hood (51) Battle cruiser – 1922-1924
 * HMS Chrysanthemum Sloop – 1925-1927
 * HMS P40 Submarine Chaser – 1928-29
 * HMS Eagle Aircraft carrier – 1929-1931
 * HMS Harebell Sloop – 1931-1933
 * HMS Thanet Destroyer – 1933-1934
 * HMS Tenedos Destroyer – 1933-1934
 * HMS Carlisle Light cruiser – 1934-1937
 * HMS Salamander Mine sweeper – 1937-1941
 * HMS Newfoundland Light cruiser – 1941-1944