Charles II, Duke of Guelders

Charles of Egmond (9 November 1467 – 30 June 1538) was Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen between 1492 and his death. He was the son of Adolf of Egmond and Catharine of Bourbon. He was a major protagonist in the Frisian peasant rebellion and the Guelderian Wars.

Life
Charles was born either at Arnhem or at Grave and raised at the Burgundian court of Charles the Bold, who had bought the duchy of Guelders from Adolf of Egmond in 1473. He fought in several battles against the armies of Charles VIII of France, until he was captured in the Battle of Béthune in 1487.

King Maximilian subsequently managed to acquire the Burgundian lands for the Habsburgs by marriage. In 1492, the citizens of Guelders, disenchanted with Maximilian's rule, ransomed Charles and recognized him as their Duke. Charles was supported by the French King, but in 1505, Guelders was regained by King Maximilian's son Philip the Handsome. Charles had to accompany Philip to Spain to attend Philip's coronation as King of Castile but at Antwerp, Charles managed to escape. Shortly afterwards, Philip died in Spain and by July 1513 Charles had regained control over the whole of Guelders.

In his conflict with the Habsburgs, Charles also became a major player behind the scenes of the Frisian peasant rebellion and at first financially supported the rebel leader Pier Gerlofs Donia. After the tides turned against the rebels, Charles stopped his support and switched sides together with his military commander Maarten van Rossum. In the Treaty of Gorinchem (1528), Emperor Charles, son of Philip the Handsome, proposed to recognize Charles of Egmond as Duke of Guelders under the condition that he would inherit the Duchy should the Duke die without issue. The Duke, who at the time did not have any children, delayed signing the treaty. Another battle ensued, after which the passage was removed from the treaty. In 1536 there was finally peace between Guelders and Burgundy with the Treaty of Grave.

Charles died at Arnhem, and is buried in the St. Eusebius Church there.

Family
In 1519, Charles married young Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b.1494-d.1572), daughter of Henry I of Lüneburg, Duke of Brunswick-Lunebourg and Marguerite of Saxony. The marriage remained childless. Charles however fathered several illegitimate children.

His only legitimate (twin) sister, Philippa, Duchess of Lorraine (1467–1547), survived him and died during the reign of her great-grandson, Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (1543–1608).