George W. DeLong

George Washington DeLong (August 22, 1844 – October 31, 1881) was a United States Navy officer and explorer.

Biography
Born in New York City, he was educated at the United States Naval Academy in Newport, Rhode Island. In 1879, backed by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., owner of the New York Herald newspaper, and under the auspices of the US Navy, Lieutenant Commander DeLong sailed from San Francisco, California on the ship USS Jeannette with a plan to find a quick way to the North Pole via the Bering Strait.

As well as collecting scientific data and animal specimens, DeLong discovered and claimed three islands (De Long Islands) for the United States in the summer of 1881.

The ship became trapped in the ice and eventually was crushed and sank. DeLong and his crew abandoned ship and set out for Siberia in three small boats. After reaching open water, they became separated and one boat, commanded by Executive Officer Charles W. Chipp, was lost; no trace of it was ever found. DeLong's own boat reached land, but only two men sent ahead for aid survived. The third boat, under the command of Chief Engineer George W. Melville, reached the Lena delta and was rescued.

DeLong died of starvation near Matvay Hut, Yakutia, Siberia. Melville returned a year later and found the body of DeLong and his boat crew. Overall, the doomed voyage took the lives of nineteen expedition members, as well as additional men lost during the search operations.

DeLong and five of his men are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York.

Namesakes
Two US Navy ships have been named USS DeLong in his honor, as were the De Long Mountains in northwest Alaska.

In 1890, the officers and men of the United States Navy dedicated a granite-and-marble monument to the memory of Lieut. George Washington DeLong and the crew of the USS Jeannette. Lieut. George Partridge Colvocoresses designed the monument — a cross with carved icicles hanging from it that sits atop a cairn. The 24 ft-high structure is in the U.S. Naval Academy Cemetery overlooking the Severn River.

Publications

 * DeLong, The Voyage of the Jeannette, comprising his journals, edited by his widow, Mrs. Emma J. (Wotton) DeLong (1883)
 * Emma Wotton DeLong, Explorer's wife, introduction by Vilhjalmur Stefansson, (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1938)
 * Leonard F. Guttridge, Icebound: The Jeannette Expedition's Quest for the North Pole (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1986) ISBN 0-87021-330-X.
 * Michael Robinson, The Coldest Crucible: Arctic Exploration and American Culture (Chicago, 2006)
 * John Wilson Danenhower, The Narrative of the Jeannette (Boston, 1882)
 * Melville, In the Lena Delta (Boston, 1885)
 * Edward Ellsberg, Hell on Ice: the Saga of the Jeannette (New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1938)