Operation Tupac

Operation Tupac is the designation and existing codename of a cold war military intelligence contingency program run by the ISI, active since 1980s. The program is designated with three-part action plan for covert support of the militancy in Indian-held Kashmir, giving authorization and initiation under the order of President Zia-ul-Haq in 1988 after the failure of "Gibraltar".

The designation is derived from Tupac Amaru II, the 18th-century prince who led the war of liberation in Peru against the Spanish rule. The program is thought to be remain active as the ISI is currently engaged in covertly supporting the Kashmiri militants in their fight against the Indian authorities in Kashmir.

The objectives of Operation Tupac were; a) to disintegrate India; b) to utilize the spy network to act as an instrument of sabotage; c) to exploit porous borders with Nepal and Bangladesh to set up bases and conduct operations.

The ISI was reported to have spent ₨. 2.4 crore per month to sponsor its activities in Kashmir. Though all the militant groups received funding the Pro Pakistani groups were reportedly favored. Under this program, the ISI helped create 6 militant groups in Kashmir including Lashkar-e-Taiba. American Intelligence officials believe ISI continues to provide protection and share intelligence with Lashkar-e-Taiba.