SS Florizel

SS Florizel, a passenger liner, was the flagship of the Bowring Brothers' Red Cross Line of steamships and one of the first ships in the world specifically designed to navigate icy waters. During her last voyage, from St. John's to Halifax and on to New York, she sunk after striking a reef at Horn Head Point (46.84889°N, -52.93889°W), Cape Race near Cappahayden, Newfoundland, Canada, with the loss of 94 including Betty Munn, a three-year-old girl, in whose memory a statue of Peter Pan was erected at Bowring Park in St. John's.

The sinking of Florizel and the tragic loss of life, compounded by the controversy surrounding her ill-fated voyage was the subject of a book by Cassie Brown entitled A Winter's Tale - The Wreck of the Florizel, ISBN 0-9698767-4-2.

History
Florizel was primarily a passenger liner, built for the Bowring Brothers to replace an earlier ship, the SS Silvia, which had been lost at sea. Built of steel, she was one of the first ships in the world to be specifically designed to navigate the icy waters around Newfoundland and Labrador. The vessel was modified each spring to participate in the annual seal hunt off the coast of Newfoundland. Often captained by Captain Abram Kean, she broke many records on her numerous voyages to the seal hunt.

Florizel was also used as a transport vessel during World War I. In October 1914 she carried the first 540 volunteers of the Newfoundland Regiment, the Blue Puttees, to Europe.

Bowring Brothers were the operators for the New York, Newfoundland and Halifax Steamship Company, Limited. At the time of Florizel's construction she was considered a luxury liner; she had room for 145 first-class accommodations.

The Bowring fleet of ships of that era were given names from Shakespearean plays: Florizel was named after young Prince Florizel in The Winter's Tale.

Last Voyage
Florizel left St. John's on 23 February 1918, for Halifax and then on to New York, with 78 passengers and 66 crew. Among the passengers were many prominent St. John's businessmen. Shortly after the vessel left port the weather turned nasty and after nine hours of steaming southward the captain, William J. Martin, assumed that he had rounded Cape Race and consequentially turned westward. However, because of the gale force winds Florizel had actually traveled just 45 miles and was well short of the Cape. The sea crashing against the rocks at Horn Head Point was white with froth and Captain Martin mistook it for ice and eventually crashed full speed into the rocks. Most of the passengers and crew that survived the initial crash found shelter in the Marconi Shack, the least damaged portion of the ship.

The rescue
An SOS was sent out and received by the Admiralty wireless station located at Mount Pearl. By the evening of 24 February the first rescue ships had arrived to no sign of life. The weather had abated somewhat when light was spotted and a rescue attempt was carried out after the storm had calmed. Of the 138 passengers, 44 had survived the initial crash and after 27 hours, the ship struck ground and the last of the passengers and crew were rescued. Medals of bravery were awarded to several crew members of HMS Briton and HMS Prospero who had responded to the wreck; these were given by the Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VIII, while he was in St. John's in 1919.

The investigation
Captain Martin, who had survived the tragedy, was held responsible for the disaster, because of the lack of soundings taken during the course of the voyage. His certificate was suspended for twenty-one months. It was not until later that Captain Martin was found not to have been at fault. The Chief Engineer, J.V. Reader, had reduced the speed of the vessel as soon as she left port, bypassing the captain's orders to proceed at full speed. This action had caused the ship to make less distance than had been thought. The reason cited for Reader's action was to prolong the trip to Halifax such that the vessel would have to dock overnight and allow Reader time to visit his family while there.

Lost passengers of historical importance
Passengers perished
 * Patrick Laracy, owner of the Crescent theater in St. John's.
 * Betty Munn, step-granddaughter of Sir Edgar Bowring (a founder of Bowring Brothers).
 * James H. Baggs, curling, Bay Of Island
 * First class


 * 1) Frederick C. Smythe, 44
 * 2) James H. Baggs, 40
 * 3) William F. Butler, 50
 * 4) Mrs. W. F. Butler, 40
 * 5) Patrick Laracy, 50
 * 6) Edgar Froude, 38
 * 7) James J. McCoubrey, 40
 * 8) Robert Wright, 45
 * 9) James Miller, 30
 * 10) James Daley, 40
 * 11) Miss Annie Dalton, 33
 * 12) Miss Mabel Barrett, 23
 * 13) Thomas McMurdo McNeil, 45
 * 14) Frank Chown, 19
 * 15) Fred Snow, 22
 * 16) Edward Berteau
 * 17) Jack C. Parsons, 27
 * 18) Newman Sellars, 20
 * 19) George Massie, 41
 * 20) Mrs. Massie, 38
 * 21) Miss Katherine Massie, 8
 * 22) William E. Bishop, 38
 * 23) Charles H. Miller, 42
 * 24) Captain O. P. Belleveau, 38
 * 25) George A. Moulton, 33
 * 26) Master Clarence E. Moulton, 7
 * 27) F. Gerald P. St. John, 20
 * 28) William Moore
 * 29) Michael Connolly, 74
 * 30) John Connolly, 31
 * 31) George Parmiter, 25
 * 32) Captain Joseph Kean, 44
 * 33) John Shannon Munn, 37
 * 34) Miss Betty Munn, 3$1/2$
 * 35) William Earle, 42
 * 36) Michael O’Driscoll, 37
 * 37) Miss Blanche Beaumont, 11
 * 38) Miss Evelyn Trenchard, 30


 * Second class

Officers and crew perished Passengers saved Officers and crew saved
 * 1) Joseph Maloney, 29
 * 2) Mrs. Mary Maloney, 28
 * 3) Master John Maloney, 7 months
 * 4) Patrick J. Fitzpatrick, 42
 * 5) Andy Power, 24
 * 6) John Costello, 49
 * 7) William Guzzwell, 11
 * 8) Miss Elizabeth Pelley, 29
 * 9) Peter Guilfoyle, 27
 * 10) Edward Greening, 36
 * 11) George Long, 37
 * 12) R.J. Fowlow, 23
 * 13) Geo. Puddester, 42
 * 14) John Lynch, 55
 * 15) Walter J. Richards, 24
 * 16) Leonard Nicholl, 31
 * 17) James Crockwell, 50
 * 18) Herbert Piercey, 22
 * 19) James Bartlett, 25
 * 20) Charles Howell, 24
 * 21) John Forrest, 23
 * 22) George E. Stevenson, 53
 * 1) John R. King, Second Officer, Arichat, N.S.
 * 2) John V. Reader, Chief Engineer, Halifax, N.S., 45
 * 3) Charles Snow, Second Steward, St. John’s
 * 4) Miss Margaret Keough, Stewardess, St. John’s
 * 5) Fred Guthrie, Second Cook, Liverpool
 * 6) Joseph McKinnon, Baker, Glasgow
 * 7) Ramon Rez, Messroom Steward, Spain
 * 8) P. Lynch, Waiter, St. John’s
 * 9) Gordon Ivany, Waiter, St. John’s
 * 10) Austin Whitten, Waiter, St John’s
 * 11) Stan Squires, Waiter, St. John’s
 * 12) Stan Foley, Waiter, Grey Islands
 * 13) M. L. Dunphy, Waiter, St. John’s
 * 14) Thomas Hennebury, Oiler, St. John’s
 * 15) A. Moody, Butcher, New Hampshire
 * 16) Geo Crocker, Sailor, St. John’s
 * 17) William Walters, Sailor, Trinity
 * 18) Charles Bailey, Sailor, Port Rexton
 * 19) John Power, Sailor, Paradise, P.B.
 * 1) Lieut. Alexander Ledingham, 30
 * 2) Ralph Burnham, 23
 * 3) Joseph Stockley, 22
 * 4) Major Michael S. Sullivan, 42
 * 5) John J. Cleary, 27
 * 6) William Parmiter, 40
 * 7) John P. Kiely, 32
 * 8) William Dodd, 22
 * 9) W. Noah Dauphinee, 36
 * 10) Archibald E. Gardiner, 32
 * 11) Albert G. Fagan, 29
 * 12) Dave Griffiths, 24
 * 13) Miss Kitty Cantwell, 21
 * 14) Miss Minnie Denief, 21
 * 15) Thomas Whelan, 27
 * 16) G. M. Mullowney
 * 17) John G. Sparrow, 27
 * 1) Captain William J. Martin, 43
 * 2) Chief Officer William James, 35
 * 3) 3rd Officer Philip Jackman, 31
 * 4) 2nd Engineer Thomas Lumsden, 35
 * 5) 3rd Engineer Eric Collier, 26
 * 6) 4th Engineer Herbert Taylor, 22
 * 7) Marconi Operator Cecil Sidney Carter
 * 8) Asst. Marconi Operator Bernard John Murphy, 24
 * 9) Bosun Michael F. Power
 * 10) Carpenter Jacob Pinsent, 32
 * 11) John Johnston, Pantry Waiter, 22
 * 12) James Dwyer, Waiter, 22
 * 13) Joseph Moore, Cook
 * 14) Fred Roberts, Cook, 27
 * 15) Edward Timmons, Oiler
 * 16) John Davis, Oiler
 * 17) A Hatchard, Sailor
 * 18) Henry Dodd, Waiter, 21
 * 19) Alex Fleet, Waiter
 * 20) William Dooley, Sailor, 34
 * 21) Joseph Burry, Sailor
 * 22) Thomas Greene, Sailor
 * 23) George Curtis, Gunner
 * 24) Henry Snow, Waiter
 * 25) Charles Reelis, Waiter
 * 26) Jose Fernandez, Fireman
 * 27) Wm. Molloy, Sailor.

Survivors of historical importance

 * J.P. Kiely, owner/manager of the Nickel Theatre in St. John's.

Bodies not recovered

 * Francisco Fornas, fireman, Spain.
 * Edward Greening, Bonavista.
 * Charles Howell, Trinity.
 * Gordon Ivany, St. John's.
 * Clarence E. Moulton, St. John's.
 * Leonard Nicholl, St. John's.

The SS Gordon C

 * Captain E. C. Perry
 * Chief Engineer Robert Pierson
 * Seaman Joseph Budden

The SS Hawk

 * Captain Martin Dalton, R.N.R.
 * Seaman Daniel Ralph, R.N.R.
 * Seaman Michael Whelan, R.N.R.

These men, along with H. Clouter, C. W. Penny, R.N.R., Adolphus "Dolf" Morey, R.N.R., G. Westcott, R. Pierson, and J. Budden, also received the Board of Trade Medal for Gallantry in Saving Life at Sea (Sea Gallantry Medal or S.G.M).