Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland



Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland, 3rd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton (c. 23 November 1620 – 20 September 1643), known as The Lord Spencer between 1636 and June 1643, was an English peer from the Spencer family who fought and died in the English civil war on the side of the Cavaliers.

Henry was born at Althorp to William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer and Lady Penelope Wriothesley, daughter of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, and was baptised on 23 November 1620 at Great Brington church. He attended Magdalen College, Oxford and graduated from there with a Master of Arts degree on 31 August 1636. He then succeeded to his father's title of Baron Spencer later that year on 19 December 1636. On 20 July 1639, he married Lady Dorothy Sidney (who had previously rejected Edmund Waller's hand in marriage), daughter of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester at Penshurst Place. It was generally believed to be a love marriage and had his father-in-law's warm approval: after Sunderland's death her father consoled his daughter by reminding her of her happy marriage, which he was happy to have helped bring about. Sunderland and his wife had three children:


 * Lady Dorothy Spencer (1640–1670), married George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax and had issue.
 * Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1641–1702)
 * Lady Penelope Spencer (c. 1642–1667), died unmarried.

Henry fought in the Battle of Edgehill in 1642 and was rewarded for his services on 8 June 1643 by being created 1st Earl of Sunderland (although the title cost him £3000). He then fought in the Siege of Gloucester in August 1643 and the First Battle of Newbury on 20 September 1643, where he was killed, aged 23, by a cannonball. Cokayne writes that "he was, according to Clarendon, ''a lord of a great fortune, tender years ... and an early judgment; who, having no command in the army, attended upon the King's person under the obligation of honour; and putting himself that day into the King's troop a volunteer, before they came to charge was taken away by a cannon bullet.'"