War of Independence Museum

War of Independence Museum (Kurtuluş Savaşı Müzesi), housed in the first Turkish Grand National Assembly building in the Ulus district of Ankara, Turkey, displays important photographs, documents and furniture from the Turkish War of Independence.

Construction
The one-storey andesite (Ankara stone) building was designed by architect Salim Bey, at the request of Enver Pasha, as the headquarters of the Committee of Union and Progress. Construction of commenced in 1915 under the supervision of Turkish Army Corps architect Hasip Bey but was still not complete when the decision was made for the Turkish Grand National Assembly to gather here and the completion had to be hurried through in time for the inaugural meeting.

Grand Opening
Thousands gathered in Ulus Square for the opening of the assembly on April 23, 1920 and Sinop representative Serif Bey, who as the oldest member had been chosen as President of the Assembly, made the first speech.

"Honourable members of the Assembly, it is well known that the Capitol of Caliphate and the Government has been occupied in temporary terms by the enemy forces and our independence has been restricted in every respect. Submission to these conditions means acceptance of captivity imposed by the foreign powers. However, eternally free and an independent nation of ours, determined to exist in absolute independence, rejected this captivity with final determination and by gathering its representatives, brought into being this Grand Assembly of ours. In the name of the speaker of the Grand Assembly and by the help of God, I declare the principals of absolute independence and self determination of the nation to the whole world and open the National Assembly."

Ankara representative Mustafa Kemal followed him.

"As you all know, our Grand Assembly is constituted by the re-elected honourable members charged with extraordinary powers and honourable members fleeing from the Government Capital which was attacked and occupied. The constitution of this Grand Assembly was made possible only by the new election system, which included those who were able to flee from the capital and join us. Presently your Assembly is meeting with all legalities."

Mustafa Kemel was elected President of the Assembly at the second session of the Assembly held the following day and concluded his acceptance speech by stating, “There is no power above this Grand Assembly anymore...”

Independence War
The building continued to serve as the headquarters of the Turkish Grand National Assembly throughout the War of Independence and many significant decisions were made here; Atatürk stated, “The Grand National Assembly is the living symbol of the Turkish Nation's century’s old search for self determination and consciousness...”
 * January 20, 1921: Approval of the First Turkish Constitution
 * March 12, 1921: Approval of the Turkish National Anthem
 * November 1, 1922: Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate
 * July 24, 1923: Approval of Treaty of Lausanne
 * October 13, 1923: Establishment of Ankara as the Capital City of the Turkish Republic
 * October 29, 1923: Declaration of Republic and the election of Mustafa Kemal as first president

The building continued to house the assembly until October 15, 1924.

Later use
The building subsequently served as the headquarters of the Republican People's Party and then as the School of Law before being turned over to the Turkish Ministry of Education in 1952. Work started in 1957 to convert the building into a museum and it was opened to public as the Turkish Grand National Assembly Museum on April 23, 1961.

The building was further restored, as part of celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the birth of President Atatürk, by the Antiquities and Museums General Directorate of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism and was reopened as the Independence War Museum on April 23, 1981.

Museum
The building remains open to the public, having recently undergone further renovation, as the Independence War Museum with a number of rooms currently open to view.

Corridor
The main corridor which runs the length of the building is decorated with oil paintings depicting the events of the years from 1918 to 1923 and the work of the assembly in its first and the second terms.

Masjid (Prayer Room)
The first room on the right of the corridor was used by the Assembly as a prayer room and has prayer rugs and Koran Rahle on display.

Assembly President’s Room
The second room on the right was the private study of Mustafa Kemal and the original appearance and arrangement of the room has been preserved. The Presidential seal on display in this room is described as the most important and distinguished piece of the museum’s collection.

Chambers of the Ruling Council
The first room on the left side of the corridor has been used as the Cabinet Room and the Presidential Board room. The original appearance and arrangement of the room has been preserved with the President’s pulpit and the cabinet table and chairs used at the Sivas Congress on display alongside photographs of the members of the first Cabinet of Turkey after the declaration of the Republic.

Committee Room
The second room on the left side of the corridor was used by the Assembly as the Committee Room for the study and investigation of various issues. The exhibition of documents, photographs and artefacts in this room relate to the Armistice of Mudros, Mustafa Kemal’s arrival in Samsun, the Amasya Circular, the Sivas and Erzurum Congresses, and the Misak-ı Millî, and include the seal used at the Erzurum Congress.

Lobby (Break Room)
The third room on the left side of the corridor was used as the Assembly Lobby. The exhibition of documents, photographs and artefacts in this room relate to the opening of the Assembly, the terms of Sèvres and Lausanne Agreements, and First and Second Battles of İnönü, and include an oil painting of Mustafa Kemal's arrival in Ankara, weapons and the telephone switchboard used during the Independence War and a silver cutlery set presented to Kâzım Karabekir at the Treaty of Alexandropol ceremony.

Legislative Committee Room
The fourth room on the left side of the corridor was where the Committees investigated the accordance of the bills with the Constitution. The exhibition of documents, photographs and artefacts in this room relate to The Great Offensive and include an oil painting depicting Mustafa Kemal on the balcony of the Assembly Building, Independence War medals and a rug symbolizing the National Pact.

Grand Assembly Hall
The Assembly Hall is located on the right side of the corridor. The original appearance and arrangement of the room has been preserved with the Assembly President’s and the Chair Councils pulpit in the middle surmounted by an Arabic script inscription reading, “Sovereignty belongs to the Nation”, benches from the Ankara Teachers’ Schools in the pulpit and side rows for the representatives, and mezzanines on the right and left for the diplomatic corps and the audience respectively with space underneath for press and kerosene lamps and stoves from neighbouring coffee houses.

Administration Rooms
The fifth room on the left side of the corridor and the fifth and the sixth room on the right side of the corridor were used by the Assembly as administrative offices. The sixth room on the right side continues to serve this purpose for the museum whilst the exhibition of documents, photographs and artefacts in the other two rooms include identity cards, Mauser rifles and personal artefacts of Atatürk, members of the Assembly, given to the members by the Turkish Grand National Assembly and Independence War commanders alongside the flag with the signature of Recep Peker hoisted onto the Grand National Assembly on 23 April 1920

Basement Floor
The basement is currently used for temporary exhibitions and storage as well as housing the museum’s photographic laboratory.