Stealth ship

A stealth ship is a ship which employs stealth technology construction techniques in an effort to ensure that it is harder to detect by one or more of radar, visual, sonar, and infrared methods. These techniques borrow from stealth aircraft technology, although some aspects such as wake and acoustic signature reduction (Acoustic quieting) are unique to stealth ships' design.

Reduction of radar cross-section (RCS), visibility and noise is not unique to stealth ships; visual masking has been employed for over two centuries and RCS reduction traces back to American and Soviet ships of the Cold War. One common feature is the inward-sloping tumblehome hull design that significantly reduces the RCS.

Examples
Several surface vessels employ stealth technology, amongst them the Russian Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate, the Swedish Visby-class corvette, the Dutch Zeven Provinciën-class frigate, the Turkish MİLGEM corvette, the Norwegian Skjold-class patrol boat, the French La Fayette-class frigate, the Chinese Houbei-class missile boat and Type 054 frigate, the German MEKO ships Braunschweig-class corvettes and Sachsen-class frigates, the Indian Shivalik-class frigate, Kolkata-class destroyer, Kamorta-class corvette, the Singaporean Formidable-class frigate, the British Type 45 destroyer, the U.S. Navy's Zumwalt-class destroyer, Finnish Hamina-class missile boats, Chilean Patrol Vessel PZM based on the German OPV80 and Indonesian 63m Stealth Fast Missile Patrol Vessel. Egypt has Ambassador MK III missile boat.

Ady Gil, operated by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, was painted with what the owners claimed to be radar-absorbent material. Thus, Ady Gil would have been a rare case of a non-military vessel employing stealth technology.

The Indonesian X3K 63m stealth fast missile patrol vessel has a trimaran design with long, but small center hull and has been built from carbon composite materials.

Shaping


In designing a ship with reduced radar signature, the main concerns are radar beams originating near or slightly above the horizon (as seen from the ship) coming from distant patrol aircraft, other ships or sea-skimming anti-ship missiles with active radar seekers. Therefore, the shape of the ship avoids vertical surfaces, which would perfectly reflect any such beams directly back to the emitter. Retro-reflective right angles are eliminated to avoid causing the cat's eye effect. A stealthy ship shape can be achieved by constructing the hull and superstructure with a series of slightly protruding and retruding surfaces. This design was developed by several German shipyards, and is thus extensively applied on ships of the German Navy.