Convoy QP 13



Convoy QP 13 was the thirteenth of the numbered series of World War II convoys of merchant ships westbound from the Arctic ports of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk to the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America. Most of the ships were returning empty after delivering war material to the Soviet Union, but some Soviet ships carried cargoes of export timber. The convoy sailed simultaneously with eastbound convoy PQ 17 so both convoys might benefit from the heavy covering force of the British aircraft carrier HMS Victorious (R38), battleship HMS Duke of York (17), cruisers HMS Cumberland (57) and HMS Nigeria (60), and destroyers HMS Ashanti (F51), HMS Douglas (D90), HMS Faulknor (H62), HMS Marne (G35), HMS Martin (G44), HMS Onslaught (G04) and HMS Onslow (G17) with the American battleship USS Washington (BB-56) and destroyers USS Mayrant (DD-402) and USS Rhind (DD-404). The covering force was commanded by Admiral John Tovey aboard the flagship Duke of York. Convoy QP 13 consisted of 35 merchant ships escorted by the anti-aircraft ship HMS Alynbank (F84) with destroyers HMS Achates (H12), HMS Garland (H37), HMS Inglefield (D02), HMS Intrepid (D10) and HMS Volunteer (D71), minesweepers HMS Hussar (J82) and HMS Niger (J73), and corvettes HMS Honeysuckle (K27), HMS Hyderabad (K212), HMS Roselys (K57) and HMS Starwort (K20).

Voyage
Convoy QP 13 left Arkhangelsk on 26 June 1942 reinforced by a local escort of Soviet destroyers Gremyaschi, Grozni and Kuibyshev with British destroyer HMS Tartar (F43) and minesweepers HMS Bramble (J11), HMS Hazard (J02), HMS Leda (J93) and HMS Seagull (J85). The local escort was replaced on 29 June by an anti-aircraft escort of Hunt-class destroyer destroyers HMS Blankney (L30), HMS Middleton (L74) and HMS Wheatland. On 30 June German air reconnaissance found convoy QP 13 180 mi north of North Cape, Norway. U-88 was shadowing the convoy by 2 July; but Admiral Nordmeer Hubert Schmundt ordered German forces to ignore the empty westbound ships and focus on the loaded ships of eastbound convoy PQ 17. The Hunt-class destroyers detached on 4 July when convoy QP 13 was out of range of German bombers.

Convoy QP 13 encountered fog on 5 July 1942. In poor visibility Niger mistook an iceberg for Iceland’s North Western Cape and six merchant ships followed her into Northern Barrage minefield SN72 laid one month earlier at the entrance to the Denmark Strait. All seven ships detonated naval mines, and there were only eight survivors of the 127 men aboard Niger. Only Exterminator could be salvaged. No crewmen were lost from Exterminator, Hybert and Rodina; but one crewman died abandoning Hefron, five drowned when John Randolph broke in two, and Massmar sank with 17 merchant seamen, 5 Naval Armed Guards, and 26 survivors she was carrying from the sinking of Alamar in convoy PQ 16.

Surviving ships destined for Reykjavík were escorted into port on 7 July by a local escort of naval trawlers Saint Elstan and Lady Madeleine.