Louis Barthou

Jean Louis Barthou (25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as Prime Minister of France for eight months in 1913.

Personal life
Louis Barthou was born in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and served as Deputy from that constituency. He was an authority on trade union history and law. Barthou was Prime Minister in 1913, and held ministerial office 13 other times.

Death
As Foreign Minister, Barthou met King Alexander I of Yugoslavia during his state visit to Marseilles in October 1934. On 9 October, the King and Barthou were assassinated by Velicko Kerin, a Bulgarian revolutionary wielding a handgun. One of the bullets struck Barthou in the arm, passing though and fatally severing an artery. He died of excessive blood loss less than an hour later. The assassination was planned in Rome by Ante Pavelić, head of the Croatian Ustaše, in August 1934. Pavelić was assisted by Georg Percevic, a former Austro-Hungarian military officer. France unsuccessfully requested extradition of Percevic and Pavelić. This assassination ended the careers of the Bouches-du-Rhone prefect, Pierre Jouhannaud, and the director of the Surete Nationale, Jean Berthoin.

The assassination of Barthou and the King led to the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism concluded at Geneva by the League of Nations on 16 November 1937. The Convention was signed by 25 nations, ratified only by India. Barthou was granted a state funeral four days after his demise.

Career
Barthou served as Foreign Minister in 1934. He was the primary figure behind the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance of 1935, though it was signed by his successor, Pierre Laval. As a national WWI hero and a recognized author, Barthou was elected to the Académie française at the end of WWI.

In 1934 Barthou tried to create an Eastern Pact that would include Germany, Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the Baltic states on the basis of a guarantee by France of the European borders of the Soviet Union and the eastern borders of Germany by the Soviet Union. He succeeded in obtaining entry of the Soviet Union into the League of Nations in September 1934.

Barthou's ministry
22 March – 9 December 1913


 * Louis Barthou – President of the Council and Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
 * Stéphen Pichon – Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * Eugène Étienne – Minister of War
 * Louis Lucien Klotz – Minister of the Interior
 * Charles Dumont – Minister of Finance
 * Henry Chéron – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
 * Antony Ratier – Minister of Justice
 * Pierre Baudin – Minister of Marine
 * Étienne Clémentel – Minister of Agriculture
 * Jean Morel – Minister of Colonies
 * Joseph Thierry – Minister of Public Works
 * Alfred Massé – Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs