Tapani incident

The Tapani incident in 1915 was one of the largest armed uprisings by Taiwanese Han and Aboriginals against Japanese rule in Taiwan. Alternative names used to refer to the incident include the Xilai Temple Incident (西来庵事件) after the Xilai Temple (西來庵) in Tainan, where the revolt began, and the Yu Qingfang Incident after the leader Yu Qingfang.

Revolt
Multiple Japanese police stations were stormed by Aboriginal and Han Chinese fighters under Chiang Ting (Jiang Ding) and Yü Ch'ing-fang (Yu Qingfang).

Consequences
Modern Taiwanese historiography attempts to portray the Tapani Incident as a nationalist uprising, either from a Chinese (unification) or Taiwanese (independence) perspective, whereas Japanese colonial historiography attempted to portray the incident as a large scale instance of banditry led by criminal elements. However, the Tapani Incident differs from other uprisings in Taiwan's history due to the elements of millenarianism and folk religion, which enabled Yu Qingfang to raise a significant armed force whose members believed themselves to be invulnerable to modern weaponry.

The similarities between the rhetoric of the leaders of the Tapani uprising and the Righteous Harmony Society of the recent Boxer Rebellion in China were not lost on Japanese colonial authorities, and subsequently, the colonial government paid more attention to popular religion, and took steps to improve on colonial administration in southern Taiwan.

Han Chinese violent opposition stopped after Tapani but the Aboriginals carried on with violent armed struggle against the Japanese.