Žanis Butkus

Žanis Butkus (July 29, 1906 – May 15, 1999) was a Latvian Hauptsturmführer (Captain) in the Waffen SS during World War II. Butkus was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Early life
Žanis Butkus was born on 29 July 1906, in Augstkalne, Latvia to Fricis and Anna Butkus. After leaving school, he worked on his parents farm. He joined the Latvian Army in 1927 and remained in the military until 1929. Butkus was renowned for his shooting abilities, as he won numerous championships throughout Latvia and the Baltic region. In 1932 he married a Latvian girl, Velta, with whom he had four daughters, Ulla, Inta, Mirdza and Marga. Ulla and Inta emigrated to the United States, while Marga and Mirdza remained in Latvia.

World War II
In 1941, after the Red Army's occupation his wife and daughter were deported to Siberia. Butkus joined the partisans to fight against the Soviet forces until the Germans invaded the territory of Latvia. In August 1943 on the Volchov Front, Butkus led an assault team into the Soviet lines and proceeded to capture a string of bunkers, without suffering a single casualty. His force soon returned to the German lines with numerous prisoners and a substantial amount of equipment. Butkus was given a commission on the spot and later having taken part in 59 close combat engagements, Butkus was awarded the Knight's Cross.

He survived the war and died on 15 May 1999 in Palmer, Alaska.

Miscellaneous
The Latvian Legion's attachment to the SS, unit designations and ranks were considered a formality. Latvian and Estonian soldiers regardless of whether they volunteered or were drafted, were not members of the Nazi party.

In 1949-50, United States Displaced Persons Commission investigated the Estonian and Latvian "SS" and found these military units to be neither criminal nor Nazi collaborators. On 12 September 1950, Harry N. Rosenfield, the United Nations Refugee Relief Association commissioner, wrote to Jūlijs Feldmanis, Latvia's chargé d'affaires in Washington, saying that «the Waffen-SS units of the Baltic States (the Baltic Legions) are to be seen as units that stood apart and were different from the German SS in terms of goals, ideologies, operations and constitution, and the Commission does not, therefore, consider them to be a movement that is hostile to the government of the United States under Section 13 of the Displaced Persons Act, as amended.»