Cannone da 47/32

The Cannone da 47/32 M35 was an Austrian artillery piece produced under license in Italy during World War II. It was used both as an infantry gun and an anti-tank gun which it proved to be successful at, especially when equipped with HEAT (Italian: "Effetto Pronto") rounds.

History
The Austrian firm of Böhler originally designed and manufactured the gun. In the 1930s Italy bought some of these guns from Böhler, and then began to produce the weapon under license, continuing its development. The Cannone da 47/32 M35 was the main armament in the M13/40 medium tank, the M14/41 medium tank, and experimentally on the AB 41 armored car (see photograph), and the 47/32 self-propelled gun. The M15/42 featured a slightly improved version of this gun (the 47/40).

The 47/32 was built in two versions, the first with semi-pneumatic disk wheels, and the second (in 1939, from which the name 47/32 mod. 39) with improved barrel and suspension (in some series also light-alloy wheels with semi-pneumatic tires). To tow this piece, the Fiat-OCI 708 CM tractor and the L3 tankette were used, but these projects were soon abandoned as the gun was subjected to breaking at the axles spindles and shanks. Due to its shape, the 47/32 was commonly called "elefantino" (little elephant) by the troops.

The 47/32 was primarily an anti-tank gun; however, it was also used as a close support weapon. In 1940 it was nonetheless an adequate weapon: it had roughly the same degree of armor penetration of its contemporaries (like the British 2-pounder gun, the German PaK 36 and the Soviet 45 mm gun, outperformed the French 25 mm gun), and its HE shell was at least successful (while other guns like the 2-Pounder or the PaK 36 were limited to the anti-tank role). Its major drawbacks were the inadequacy of the gun to be towed by truck, and the lack of a gun shield. The failure of the Italian Army to produce and deploy a more powerful gun in numbers meant that by 1942 the 47/32 gun was still seeing frontline service despite being inefficient against the improved tanks it had to face.

Characteristics

 * Caliber: 47 mm (1.85 in)
 * Length: 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)
 * Length of Bore: 1.525 m (5 ft)
 * Length of Rifling: 1.33 m (4 ft 4.3 in)
 * Travelling Weight: 315 kg (694.5 lb)
 * Weight in Action: 277 kg (610.6 lb)
 * Elevation: -15 degrees to +56 degrees
 * Traverse: 62 degrees
 * Muzzle Velocity: 630 m/s (2,067 ft/s) for AP; 250 m/s (820 ft/s) HEAT
 * Range: 7,000 m (7,655 feet) - HEAT
 * Shell Weight: 1.44 kg (3.175 lb) AP; 2.37 kg (5.225 lb) HEAT
 * Armor Penetration AP: 58 mm (2.3 in) at 100 m (110 yards); 43 mm (1.7 in) at 500 m (550 yards)
 * Armor Penetration HEAT: unknown

Users
The same weapon was also used in the Austrian, Chinese, Dutch, Finnish, Romanian, Estonian, Latvian, Soviet(Captured Ex-Latvian guns) and Swiss armies.

While not an original user, the German army captured several of these guns during their annexation of Austria and their conquest of the Netherlands (4.7 cm Pak 187(h)) and the Soviet Union (4.7 cm PaK 196(r)) and took them into service. Some of these guns were donated to the Italians. After their surrender, these were recaptured along with Italian models (4.7 cm Pak 177(i)). These guns were then reassigned to German and RSI (Axis-aligned Italian) units or donated to Croatia.