List of United States treaties

This is a list of treaties to which the United States has been a party or which have had direct relevance to U.S. history.

It is a very incomplete list. For an official list, updated at least annually, of U.S. treaties and international agreements currently in force (i.e., excluding those, some of which are included on this page, that are no longer in force, and that are signed but not ratified or otherwise have not yet entered into force), divided between (1) bilateral treaties organized by state and then by topic, and (2) multilateral treaties organized by topic, see the annual State Department publication Treaties in Force.

Pre-Revolutionary War treaties
Before the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, the sovereign of the United Kingdom and the leaders of various North American colonies negotiated treaties that affected the territory of what would later become the USA.


 * 1722 – Great Treaty of 1722
 * 1726 – Deed in Trust from Three of the Five Nations of Indians to the King
 * 1744 – Treaty of Lancaster
 * 1752 – Treaty of Logstown
 * 1754 – Treaty of Albany
 * 1758 – Treaty of Easton
 * 1760 – Treaty of Pittsburgh
 * 1763 – Treaty of Paris
 * 1768 – Treaty of Hard Labour
 * 1768 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix
 * 1770 – Treaty of Lochaber
 * 1774 – Treaty of Camp Charlotte

U.S. international treaties
These are treaties which the United States has made with other sovereign international states. This is mostly to distinguish them from the next category. Under the treaty clause of the United States Constitution, treaties come into effect upon final ratification by the President of the United States, provided that a two-thirds majority of the United States Senate concurs.

1776–1799

 * 1776 – Model Treaty passed by the Continental Congress becomes the template for its future international treaties
 * 1778 – Treaty of Alliance – American Revolutionary War alliance with France
 * 1778 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States – France)
 * 1782 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce – with Dutch Republic
 * 1783 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States – Sweden) – with Sweden
 * 1783 – Second Treaty of Paris Ended the American Revolutionary War
 * 1785 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Prussia–United States) – with Prussia
 * 1786 – Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship – Morocco — first Sovereign state to recognize the U.S; oldest unbroken U.S. treaty
 * – trade treaty with Spain (not ratified)
 * 1794 – Jay Treaty AKA Treaty of London – attempts to settle post-Revolution disputes with Great Britain
 * 1795 – Treaty of Greenville – opened most of Ohio to white settlement
 * 1795 – Treaty with Algeria
 * 1795 – Pinckney's Treaty AKA Treaty of Madrid, Treaty of San Lorenzo – defines boundaries of U.S. with Spanish colonies
 * 1796 – Treaty with Tripoli – tribute payments to Tripoli to protect Americans from seizure and ransom
 * 1797 – Treaty with Tunis – increases tribute payments to Tripoli

1800–1849

 * 1800 – Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine) – Ends the Quasi War between France and the U.S.
 * 1803 - Louisiana Purchase Treaty - Acquire Louisiana Territory from the French Republic.
 * 1805 – Treaty with Tripoli – Secure release of Americans being held and proclaim peace and amity.
 * 1814 – Treaty of Ghent – Ends the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Great Britain
 * 1815 – Commercial treaty with Great Britain – Established free trade between the United States, England, and much of the British Empire (Ireland was among the areas excluded)
 * 1817 – Rush–Bagot Treaty – The United States and Great Britain agree to demilitarize the Great Lakes.
 * 1818 – Treaty of 1818 – resolved boundary issues between U.S. and Great Britain
 * 1819 – Adams–Onís Treaty – purchase of Florida from Spain
 * 1824 – Russo-American Treaty – gave Russian claims on land off the Northwest Pacific coast of North America (north of the Oregon Country)
 * 1824 – Anderson–Gual Treaty – between U.S. and Gran Colombia; first bilateral treaty with another American country
 * 1828 – Treaty of Limits – between Mexico and the U.S.; confirms the boundary agreed to with Spain in the Adams–Onís Treaty.
 * 1830 – Treaty with the Ottoman Porte Also see Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
 * 1831 – Franco-American Treaty of 1831 - France agreed to pay reparations of 25 million francs for damage to American shipping during the Napoleonic wars (ratified in 1835 under Victor de Broglie's government – see July Monarchy)
 * 1833 – Siamese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce – commercial treaty between the Kingdom of Siam and the United States, first treaty with an East Asian nation
 * 1833 – Treaty with Muscat
 * 1842 – Webster–Ashburton Treaty – settles boundary disputes between the U.S. and Canada
 * 1844 - Treaty of Wanghia - between China and the U.S.; established five U.S. treaty ports in China with extraterritoriality
 * 1846 – Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty with the Republic of New Granada (Colombia)
 * 1846 – Oregon Treaty – brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country
 * 1847 – Treaty of Cahuenga – ends the Mexican–American War in California
 * 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – fully ends the Mexican–American War
 * 1849 – Hawaiian–American Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation – Treaty between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States

1850–1899

 * 1850 – Clayton–Bulwer Treaty – U.S. and United Kingdom agree not to colonize Central America
 * 1851 - Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) - with the Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapaho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations
 * 1851 - California Indian Reservations and Cessions - 18 lost treaties of California
 * 1854 – Convention of Kanagawa – forcibly opens Japan to American trade
 * 1855 – Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty – with Canada on trade and tariffs
 * 1855 - Treaty of Detroit (1855) - U. S. and Ottawa and Chippewa Nations of Indians which severed the link between the two Native American groups for further treaty negotiations and prepared the way for allotment of tribal land to individuals.
 * 1857 – American treaty is kept with france- Treaty between American and Russia
 * 1858 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan), also known as Harris Treaty – forces the opening of treaty ports on Japan
 * 1858 - Treaty of Tientsin - with China; established peace, amity, and commerce
 * 1862 – Ottoman-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
 * 1864 – Geneva Convention governing the treatment of sick and wounded combatants – established rules for the treatment of battlefield casualties
 * 1867 – Alaska Purchase – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia
 * 1868 – Burlingame Treaty – with China; established improved relations
 * 1868 – Naturalization Convention – with North German Confederation; first recognition by a European power of the legal right of its subjects to become American citizens
 * 1868 – Naturalization Convention – with Belgium
 * 1868 - Treaty of Bosque Redondo - With the Navajo
 * 1868 - Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) - with the Sioux and Arapaho
 * 1869 – Naturalization Convention – with Sweden and Norway.
 * 1870 – Naturalization Convention – with United Kingdom
 * 1871 – Treaty of Washington – settles grievances between the U.S. and Canada
 * 1872 – Naturalization Convention – with Denmark
 * 1883 – Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property – intellectual property systems, including patents, of any contracting state become accessible to the nationals of other states party to the Convention
 * 1886 – Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (ratified by U.S. in 1989)
 * 1898 – Sixth Treaty of Paris – ends the Spanish–American War
 * 1899 – Hague Conventions – one of the first formal statements of the laws of war

1900–1949

 * 1900 – Treaty between Spain and the United States for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines. Concluded November 7, 1900; ratification advised by Senate January 22, 1901 .. ratified by the President January 30, 1901; ratifications exchanged March 23, 1901; proclaimed March 23, 1901.
 * 1901 – Hay–Pauncefote Treaty – nullified Clayton–Bulwer Treaty in exchange for free access to build a canal across Central America
 * 1901 – Boxer Protocol AKA Treaty of 1901, Peace Agreement between the Great Powers and China – one of the Unequal Treaties with China
 * 1902 – Naturalization Convention – with Haiti
 * 1903 – Hay–Herrán Treaty – the U.S. attempt to acquire a lease on Panama from Colombia (not ratified by Colombia)
 * 1903 – Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty – establishes the Panama Canal Zone
 * 1903 – Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903) –
 * 1905 – Treaty of Portsmouth – ends Russo-Japanese War; negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt
 * 1905 – Taft–Katsura Agreement – Japan and U.S. agree on spheres of influence in Asia
 * 1906 – Geneva Convention governing the sick and wounded at sea – treatment of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea
 * 1906 – Inter-American Convention Establishing the Status of Naturalized Citizens Who Again Take Up Residence in the Country of Their Origin
 * 1907 – Gentlemen's Agreement – limiting Japanese immigration to the U.S.
 * 1907 – Naturalization Convention – with Peru
 * 1908 – Naturalization Convention – with Portugal
 * 1908 – Naturalization Convention – with El Salvador
 * 1908 – Naturalization Convention – with Honduras
 * 1908 – Naturalization Convention – with Nicaragua
 * 1908 – Naturalization Convention – with Uruguay
 * 1909 – Boundary Waters Treaty – regulates water quantity and water quality along the boundary between Canada and the United States.
 * 1911 – Naturalization Convention – with Costa Rica
 * 1911 – North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 – first international treaty for wildlife preservation
 * 1912 – International Opium Convention – first international drug control treaty
 * 1916 – Treaty of the Danish West Indies – U.S. purchase of the Danish West Indies, renaming them the United States Virgin Islands
 * 1917 – Lansing–Ishii Agreement – trade treaty between the U.S. and Japan
 * 1918 – Migratory Bird Treaty – Environment treaty with the United Kingdom representing Canada, to protect birds which migrate between Canada and the U.S.
 * 1919 - Treaty of Versailles, 1919 - ended the conflict between Germany and the Allied forces.
 * 1921 – U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty (1921) – separate World War I peace agreement between United States and Austria
 * 1921 – Treaty of Berlin – separate World War I peace agreement between United States and Germany
 * 1921 – U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921) – separate World War I peace agreement between United States and Hungary
 * 1922 – Washington Naval Treaty – limits the naval armaments race, supplement to restrict submarine warfare and ban chemical warfare was rejected by France.
 * 1923 – Treaty of Lausanne – sets the boundaries of modern Turkey
 * 1925 – Anglo-American Convention – American acceptance of the provisions of the Mandate for Palestine and supervision of British performance as mandatory of the Mandate for Palestine.
 * 1925 – Hay-Quesada Treaty – America accepts Cuban ownership of Isle of Pines.
 * 1928 – Kellogg–Briand Pact – calls "for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy"
 * 1929 – Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War – establishes rules for the treatment of prisoners of war
 * 1930 – London Naval Treaty – regulates submarine warfare and shipbuilding
 * 1930 – Convention Between the United States and Great Britain – Definitely delimits the boundary between North Borneo (then a British protectorate) and the Philippine archipelago (then a U.S. Territory)
 * 1934 – Treaty of Relations – agreements between United States and Cuba United States – Cuban Agreements and Treaty of 1934
 * 1937 – Treaty Defining Liability for Military Service, etc. – with Lithuania
 * 1943 - Treaty for Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China - relinquished previous U.S. rights to extraterritoriality in China
 * 1944 – Bretton Woods Agreement – establishes the rules for commercial and financial relations among the major industrial states
 * 1945 – UN Charter – establishes the United Nations
 * 1946 – Bermuda Agreement – bilateral treaty on Civil Aviation between U.S. and United Kingdom
 * 1946 – Treaty of Manila (1946) – United States recognizes independence of the Republic of the Philippines
 * 1947 – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) – establishes rules for international trade
 * 1947 – Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 – establishes peace in Europe after World War II
 * 1947 – Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) – Western Hemisphere mutual defense
 * 1947 – Convention on International Civil Aviation AKA Chicago Convention – establishes International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 * 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty (Treaty of Washington) – establishes NATO mutual defense organization
 * 1949 – Fourth Geneva Convention – establishes rules for the protection of civilians during times of war
 * 1949 – Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China – establishes amiable relations between the U.S. and China.

1950–1999

 * 1951 – Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide – (with U.S. qualifications)
 * 1951 – Treaty of San Francisco – a peace treaty between the Allied powers and Japan; ends the Pacific conflict of World War II
 * 1951 – Mutual Defense Treaty – alliance between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America
 * 1951 – Treaty of Security between the United States and Japan (updated 1960)
 * 1952 – ANZUS Treaty – mutual defense alliance between Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S.
 * 1953 – Mutual Defense Treaty – Created an alliance with South Korea, and established the basis of South Korean adherence with U.S. Government consulations on North Korean policy
 * 1954 – U.S. and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement
 * 1954 – Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty – creates SEATO mutual defense organization
 * 1954 – Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty
 * 1955 – Central Treaty Organization AKA CENTO, the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO), Baghdad Pact – creates CENTO mutual defense organization
 * 1955 – The Open Skies Treaty – allow access to other nations' military activities by means of aerial surveillance flights
 * 1955 – Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights (United States–Iran)
 * 1956 – Dutch-American Friendship Treaty
 * 1957 – International Atomic Energy Treaty (US PL 85-177)
 * 1958 – 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement – with United Kingdom
 * 1960 – Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan – mutual defense treaty with Japan
 * 1961 – Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (US PL 87-297)
 * 1961 – Antarctic Treaty – governs international relations in Antarctica
 * 1961 – Columbia River Treaty (ratified in 1964) – with Canada to manage water in the Columbia River valley
 * 1961 – Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
 * 1961 – Alliance for Progress
 * 1961 – Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
 * 1962 – Nassau Agreement – defense treaty with United Kingdom
 * 1963 – Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
 * 1963 – Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
 * 1963 – Partial Test Ban Treaty
 * 1966 – Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations (Thailand–United States) – commercial treaty with the Kingdom of Thailand
 * 1966 - International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
 * 1967 – Outer Space Treaty
 * 1968 – Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
 * 1968 - Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
 * 1969 – Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
 * 1970 – Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
 * 1970 – Boundary Treaty of 1970 – settles U.S. – Mexico border on Rio Grande
 * 1971 – Geneva Phonograms Convention
 * 1971 – Convention on Psychotropic Substances
 * 1972 – Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty AKA ABM Treaty (U.S. withdrew in 2002)
 * 1972 – SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)
 * 1972 – Biological Weapons Convention
 * 1972 – Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) (implemented by U.S., but not signed)
 * 1972 – Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement – regulates water quality along the U.S.-Canada border
 * 1973 – Paris Peace Accords – with North Vietnam ending the Vietnam War
 * 1974 – Threshold Test Ban Treaty
 * 1977 – Torrijos-Carter Treaties – transfer of Panama Canal to Panama
 * 1978 – Camp David Accords – between Israel and Egypt; negotiated and signed in U.S.
 * 1978 – Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (1978) – regulates water quality along the U.S.-Canada border
 * 1979 – SALT II (not ratified by U.S.)
 * 1985 – Plaza Accord – G-5 agreed to devalue the US dollar in relation to the Japanese yen and German Deutsche Mark by intervening in currency markets
 * 1986 – Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or Between International Organizations
 * 1986 – United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
 * 1988 – Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) – with U.S. and USSR
 * 1988 – United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
 * 1988 – United Nations Convention Against Torture
 * 1989 – Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
 * 1990 – Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany – final World War II peace with Germany and Allies
 * 1991 – Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe – Signed by all 16 NATO members and Warsaw Pact nations; ratified by all 16 NATO states, the eight successor states to the USSR that have territory in Europe, and the six former Warsaw Pact nations
 * 1991 – START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) – with US and USSR
 * 1992 – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ratified with qualifications by U.S. Senate)
 * 1992 – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
 * 1993 – Oslo Accords – between PLO and Israel; negotiated with U.S. involvement
 * 1993 – Chemical Weapons Convention
 * 1993 – START II (ratified by U.S. and Russia)
 * 1994 – North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
 * 1994 – Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods
 * 1994 – Kremlin accords – US and USSR missile and nuclear weapons control
 * 1994 – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea AKA Law of the Sea, LOS (not ratified by U.S.)
 * 1994 – Colorado river dispute – with Mexico on water quality and quantity
 * 1995 – Dayton Agreement – ends war and determines the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina; negotiated and signed in U.S.
 * 1995 – General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
 * 1996 – WIPO Copyright Treaty – protects computer programs and databases
 * 1996 – WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
 * 1996 – Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (signed but not ratified by U.S.)
 * 1997 – Worldwide Chemical Weapons Convention
 * 1998 – Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ("unsigned" by the U.S.)

2000–current

 * 2000 – Patents Law Treaty (PLT) – (not ratified by U.S.)
 * 2001 – Convention on Cybercrime – a highly controversial proposal (U.S. Senate ratified August 2006 )
 * 2002 – SORT (Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty) AKA Moscow Treaty – limits the nuclear arsenals of Russia and the U.S.
 * 2004 – International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture AKA "International Seed Treaty" – to assure farmers' access to seeds of the world's food security crops
 * 2005 – Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement
 * 2010 – New START (The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) U.S./Russia Treaty – limits the nuclear arsenal capabilities of Russia and the U.S. while allowing for inspection.
 * 2012 – United States–Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA)
 * 2013 – UN Arms Treaty (U.S./U.N. Treaty) – regulates the international arms trade (signed but not ratified by U.S.)

U.S.–Native American treaties
From 1778 to 1871, the United States government entered into more than 500 treaties with the Native American tribes; all of these treaties have since been violated in some way or outright broken by the US government,   while at least one treaty was violated or broken by Native American tribes. However, violations by one party do not nullify the treaties under US law; the treaties still have legal effect today, and Native Americans and First Nations peoples are still fighting for their treaty rights in federal courts and at the United Nations.

In addition to treaties, which are ratified by the US Senate and signed by the US President, there were also Acts of Congress and Executive Orders which dealt with land agreements. The U.S. military and representatives of a tribe, or sub unit of a tribe, signed documents which were understood at the time to be treaties, rather than armistices, ceasefires and truces.


 * The entries from 1784 to 1895 were initially created by information gather by Charles C. Royce and published in the U.S. Serial Set, Number 4015, 56th Congress, 1st Session, in 1899. The purpose of the Schedule of Indian Land Cessions was to indicate the location of each cession by or reservation for the Indian Tribes. Royce's column headings are titled: "Date, Where or how concluded, Reference, Tribe, Description of cession or reservation, historical data and remarks, Designation of cession on map, Number, Location".

1870–1879
Treaty-making between various Native American governments and the United States officially concluded on March 3, 1871 with the passing of the United States Code Title 25, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1, Section 71. Pre-existing treaties were grandfathered, and further agreements were made under domestic law.