AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar

Hughes AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder Weapon Locating System is a mobile radar system developed by Hughes Aircraft Company and currently manufactured by ThalesRaytheonSystems. The system is a long-range version of “weapon-locating radar,” designed to detect and track incoming artillery and rocket fire to determine the point of origin for counter-battery fire. It is currently in service at brigade and higher levels in the United States Army and by other countries. The radar is trailer-mounted and towed by a 2⅓-ton truck. A typical AN/TPQ-37 system consists of the Antenna-Transceiver Group, Command Shelter and 60 kW Generator.

Operation
The AN/TPQ-37 is an electronically steered radar, meaning the radar does not actually move while in operation. The radar scans a 90-degree sector for incoming rocket, artillery and mortar fire. Upon detecting a possible incoming round, the system verifies the contact before initiating a track sequence, continuing to search for new targets. The incoming round/rocket is tracked during its initial upward/launch trajectory (i.e., the linear portion of its flight path) prior to reaching apogee. A computer program analyzes the track data and then extrapolates the round’s point of origin. This calculated point of origin is then reported to the operator with map coordinates, thus allowing friendly artillery to direct counterbattery fire towards the enemy artillery. The system has a reported range of up to 50 kilometers. The system may also be operated in a friendly fire mode to determine the accuracy of counterbattery return fire.

Main Characteristics
Capabilities
 * Frequency: S-band, 15 frequencies
 * Locates mortars, artillery, rocket launchers, and missiles
 * Locates 10 weapons simultaneously
 * Locates targets on first round
 * Performs high-burst, datum-plane, and impact registrations
 * Adjusts friendly fire
 * Interfaces with tactical fire
 * Predicts impact of hostile projectiles

Specifications
 * Maximum range: 50 km
 * Azimuth sector: 1600 mils (90 degrees)
 * Prime power: 115/200 VAC, 400 Hz, 3-phase, 43 kW
 * Peak transmitted power: 120 kW, min.

Features
 * Permanent storage for 99 targets
 * Field exercise mode
 * Digital data interface

Upgrades (1)
AN/TPQ-37V(9) Reliability Maintainability Improvement (RMI)

1. The AN/TPQ-37 Reliability, Maintainability, Improvement radar upgrade will provide significant improvements over the current AN/TPQ-37 fielded system by providing new, state-of-the-art electronics including an air-cooled modular transmitter and a new radar processor.

2. The Reliability, Maintainability, Improvement radar upgrade will extend the system service life of the AN/TPQ-37 radar and significantly reduce customer life cycle costs, allowing the system to remain the mainstay of long range artillery well into the 21st Century.

3. With the AN/TPQ-37 RMI upgrades, users will receive the following benefits:
 * Improved System Availability by 90%
 * Significant Reduction in Life Cycle Cost
 * Extended System Supportability and Useful Life beyond 2018
 * Maintain All Proven AN/TPQ-37 Performance Capabilities
 * Computer-based Training to facilitate training and sustain technical and tactical proficiency
 * Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals replace bulky paper manuals

Transmitter Features Processor Features
 * 120 kW Peak Transmitted Power (Min.)
 * 12 Air-cooled Power Amplifier Modules
 * Multi-speed Blowers Providing Cooling on-Demand
 * Maintenance-free Air Filtration on Transmitter Inlet
 * Transmitter Control Unit Automatically Manages Transmitter Operation and Built-in Test
 * Standard VME-64x Architecture
 * 3 Circuit Card Assemblies Minimize Spares and Field Support
 * Qualified to Full Military Temperature Range
 * Reuses Proven AN/TPQ-37 Operational and Maintenance Software
 * Additional Card Slots and Open Architecture Provide for Future Upgrades

Manufacturer
Before acquisition by Raytheon, the Hughes Aircraft Co. developed the AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar at its Fullerton, California facility, and manufactures it at its Forest, Mississippi plant.

Upgrades (2)
ROCS for AN/TPQ-36 and AN/TPQ-37

The 'radar operational control system upgrade' is manufactured by BES Electronic Systems Ltd in Israel


 * The WLU drum (see right-hand image on http://www.bes.co.il/FireFinder_RCS.htm) is replaced with two 19" LCD screens. Weapon Locations and impacts are displayed on electronic map.
 * Radar Shelter includes two Work-Stations for two radar operators. Additional operators can join with optional Notebooks.
 * Windows XP Embedded, menus, screens and full GIS electronic maps.
 * Automatic operation and high speed AHC using DTED Level II (30 meters between elevation points) to enhance accuracy of weapon location process.
 * Support of many digital formats of electronic maps, for example GeoTIFF, Shape files, CADRG, DXF etc.'.
 * Weapon locations are displayed on various projections such as UTM, GIS, RSO, Lambert, etc.'.
 * Automatic Initialization. High-speed radar programs loading from ROCS computer. (Raymond Cassette is removed)
 * Shelter can be controlled from remote using Notebook via LAN.
 * Recording of radar operation for off line debriefing. Recording includes weapons, impacts, Friendly registration targets etc.’.
 * Storage of up to 500 hostile targets.
 * 50 Artillery Zones, defined by clicking the electronic map.
 * Option for custom-made protocols to communicate radar data and targets to remote Users such as Command & Control, batteries, etc.'.
 * UPS with enhanced 28VDC supply system.
 * Same shelter can be connected to TPQ-36 Trailer or TPQ-37 Trailer.

Nomenclature
Per the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the nomenclature AN/TPQ-37 is thus derived:


 * “AN/” indicating a system nomenclature derived from the JETDS, meaning "Army-Navy"
 * “T” for “transportable,” indicating it is carried by a vehicle but is not an integral part of said vehicle (compare with “V” for vehicle-mounted)
 * “P” indicating a position finder (RADAR)
 * “Q” for a special-purpose radar, in this case counterbattery
 * “37” is an arbitrary numerical designator