United Arab Emirates Air Force

The United Arab Emirates Air Force (UAEAF) is the air force of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Its predecessor was established in 1968, when the Emirates were still under British rule. Since then, it has undergone a continual reorganization and expansion in terms of both capability and numbers of aircraft. Currently, the UAEAF has around 4,000 personnel and operates approximately 368 fixed and rotary wing aircraft.

History
The UAEAF's history starts in 1968, when the Abu Dhabi Army Air Force was formed under British rule. After becoming the ALRAMS Air Force in 1972, major investment assured an expansion in terms of capabilities, quality and quantity of aircraft. Training and instruction was provided by the Pakistan Air Force. Neighbour Emirate of Dubai maintained its own air component, the Dubai Defence Force Air Wing, until 1999, when the two were effectively merged to become what is now the United Arab Emirates Air Force. Although the integration of the two independent forces has been complete, a small degree of autonomy exists at the operational command level, with the Western Air Command being headquartered in Abu Dhabi and the Central Air Command in Dubai.

Since the 1980s, a combination of regional instability and high oil prices has resulted in an ambitious modernization of the UAEAF, with the goal of attaining a level of capability matching the highest NATO standards.

Personnel and training
The UAEAF consists of about 4,000 personnel.

In the 1970s and 80s, the UAEAF was instructed by Pakistan Air Force pilots on Dassault Mirage IIIs, the backbone of the UAEAF at the time. Even today, many of the personnel are ex-Pakistan Air Force officers and technicians. Most of the flying instructors at Al Ain are from Pakistan, training pilots using Grob G 115, Pilatus PC-7, Aermacchi MB-339, and BAE Hawk 63 aircraft. A few officers of No. 12 Squadron (Hawk 102) at Minhad Air Base, are also from the Pakistan Air Force. Some of these officers are on deputation (active service), but most are on civilian contracts with the Air Force Headquarters in Abu Dhabi. Numerous officers of other nationalities have also trained UAE pilots, among them Moroccans, Canadians, Jordanians, and South Africans.

Women have started training as pilots. The first batch consisted of engineers given approval for flight training. So far, only three women have become actual fighter pilots and one a transport pilot. One woman pilot was grounded due to an ejection from a training flight in a Hawk 63. Instructors at Al Dhafra Air Base are now mainly from the US, as the UAEAF has retired its Mirage IIIs in favour of F-16s.

Currently there are five main air bases operational, split between the Western and Central Air Command. The Special Operations Command has its own airbase and operates a wide range of helicopters.

Candidates apply to the Khalifa bin Zayed Air College, which is located at the Al Ain International Airport in Al Ain. They first go through a rigorous schedule of academics (Basic Level: Military Sciences), fitness and officer training. Those who are selected as cadets then start the second phase of academics: Flight Sciences (Aeronautical Science). Cadets who pass the assessment period of the second phase are designated aviation cadets and start flight training. The first aircraft cadets get to fly is the Grob G115 TA. Those who qualify then go on to fly the Pilatus PC-7. On this aircraft, they learn the basics of flying, take-off and landing techniques and procedures followed by a bit of aerobatics. Following the Primary Flying Course is the Basic Flight Course, piloting the Hawk 63. Graduates are graded and assigned accordingly to one of three options: the Advanced Strike course at Minhad on the Hawk 102 aircraft, transport aircraft, and helicopters. At Minhad, the new pilots learn Basic Fighters Manoeuvers, drop bombs and learn to fly cross-country to a neighbouring country, commonly Bahrain or Kuwait. Upon completion of the Advanced Strike course, officers are selected either for the F-16 (Block 60) or the Dassault Mirage 2000-9, both at Al Dhafra AB. A few pilots are selected to learn to fly the F-16 with the United States Air Force's 162d Fighter Wing in Tucson, Arizona.

Current state
2007 marked the culmination of the largest procurement programmes ever undertaken by the UAE Air Force, with the final deliveries of the 80 F-16E/F Block 60 "Desert Falcons" and approximately 60 upgraded Mirage 2000-9, giving the air force a considerable multirole capability. These two investments represented a total expenditure of around $10 billion, with additional money spent on infrastructure and logistics. A $6.4 billion contract with Lockheed Martin for the supply and support of the 80 F-16s was signed in March 2000, while a $3.4 billion deal for the purchase of 30 new Mirage 2000-9 and retrofitting of the 33 older UAE Mirage 2000s was signed earlier in 1998. Missiles were also purchased: 160 AGM-88 HARMs, 1,000 or more AGM-65 Mavericks, about 500 AIM-120 AMRAAMs, 270 AIM-9 Sidewinders and 52 AGM-84 Harpoons.

After a competition between the BAE Hawk, T-50 Golden Eagle and Alenia Aermacchi M-346, the UAEAF announced the acquisition of 48 trainer and light attack aircraft, with the first deliveries to take place in 2012. The other training types that are thought to be near replacement are the 30 Pilatus PC-7s and five Aermacchi MB-339s serving with the Air Academy at Al Ain.

The UAEAF has operated 20 IAR 330 Puma helicopters since the late 1970s. These have been recently upgraded to the IAR-330SM standard by IAR Ghimbav in Romania in cooperation with Eurocopter. These aircraft, supplemented by a further ten ex-South African Air Force reworked SA-330s, are expected to remain in service for at least 15 years. Although no replacement for the Puma fleet is required in the immediate future, the force will be supplemented by 26 Sikorsky UH-60M Battlehawks, with 390 AGM-114N Hellfire II missiles. 30 AH-64A Apache helicopters were modernized as well, to the AH-64D Longbow standard, and a dozen Eurocopter Fennecs were recently acquired for special forces use.

The most important facility of the UAEAF is the Al Dhafra Air Base, with almost the entire fighter aircraft fleet located there. However, in order to prevent all of the air defence and strike assets being located at a single base, a $1 billion, completely new facility has been constructed deep in the Abu Dhabi desert.

Structure
As of 2008, the structure of the United Arab Emirates Air Force is as follows:

Western Air Command - HQ at Abu Dhabi

 * Fighter Wing - Al Dhafra Air Base
 * 1st Shaheen Squadron - F-16E/F Block 60 Desert Falcon
 * 2nd Shaheen Squadron - F-16E/F Desert Falcon
 * 3rd Shaheen Squadron - F-16E/F Desert Falcon
 * 71st Fighter Squadron - Mirage 2000-9EAD/DAD
 * 76th Fighter Squadron - Mirage 2000-9EAD/DAD
 * 86th Fighter Squadron - Mirage 2000-9EAD/DAD (Al Safran Air Base)


 * Transport Wing - Al Bateen Air Base
 * C-130 Squadron - C-130H Hercules
 * CASA Squadron - CN-235M-110
 * Puma Squadron - IAR-330SM Puma
 * 6th Squadron - AB.412HP/SP, Bell-214B
 * Naval Squadron - AS.332B/M Super Puma, AS.565SB Panther

Central Air Command - HQ at Dubai

 * Al Minhad Air Base (helicopter base)
 * 102nd CAS Squadron - BAE Hawk Mk.102
 * Transport Squadron - C-130H-30, L-100-30 Hercules
 * Dubai International Airport (transport aircraft)

Special Operations Command - HQ at Abu Dhabi

 * Group 18 - Sas Al Nakheel Air Base
 * Special Operations Squadron - UH-60M Black Hawk, CH-47C/D Chinook, AS.365N3 Dauphin II, AS.550C3 Fennec, AgustaWestland AW139, EC 155B1, AH-64A Apache, Cessna 208B Grand Caravan II

Army Command - HQ at Abu Dhabi

 * 10th Army Aviation Brigade - Al Dhafra AB - AS.550C3 Fennec and AH-64A Apache

Future equipment
The UAE has asked Eurofighter, Boeing and Dassault for proposals for a next generation fighter. The UAE has said that it requires a more advanced aircraft than the current Rafale in service with the Armée de l’Air, and is not going to fund Dassault for a new variant development project. Reports suggest Lockheed Martin F-35A has also joined as a contender.

The United Arab Emirates Air Force has decided to buy another 25 Lockheed Martin F-16 Block 60 fighters

Historic equipment
Fixed-wing aircraft Rotary-wing aircraft
 * 🇫🇷 Dassault Mirage 5 — 12× 5AD, 14× 5EAD, 3× 5DAD, 3× RAD since 1973 (Abu Dhabi).
 * 🇮🇹 Aermacchi MB-326 — 6×MB-326KD, 1×MB-326L, 1×MB-326LD since 1976 (Dubai).
 * 🇮🇹 Aeritalia G.222 — 1×G.222L w latach 1976 (Dubai).
 * 🇪🇸 CASA C-212 — 4× C-212-200 since 1982 (Abu Dhabi).
 * 🇨🇭 Pilatus PC-6 — 2× B2-H4 between 1989-2006 (Dubai).
 * 🇫🇷 Aérospatiale Alouette III — 10× SA-316B since 1972 (Abu Dhabi).
 * 🇫🇷 Aérospatiale Gazelle — 12× SA-342L since 1979 (Abu Dhabi).
 * 🇩🇪 Bölkow Bo 105 — 3× Bo-105CBS since 1981 (Dubai).