SM U-10 (Austria-Hungary)

SM U-10 or U-X was the lead boat of the U-10 class of submarines for the Austro-Hungarian Navy (Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine or K.u.K. Kriegsmarine) during World War I. She was originally a German Type UB I submarine commissioned into the German Imperial Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) as SM UB-1.

SM UB-1 was constructed in Germany and shipped by rail to Pola where she was assembled and launched in January 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy later that same month and sank an Italian torpedo boat in June. The boat was handed over to Austria-Hungary and commissioned as SM U-10 in July. In May 1917, U-10 was fired upon by a British submarine, but both of the torpedoes that were launched missed. In July 1918, U-10 hit a mine and was beached with heavy damage. She was towed to Trieste for repairs which remained unfinished at the war's end. U-10 was handed over to Italy as a war reparation and scrapped in 1920.

Design and construction
U-10 was a small, coastal submarine that displaced 125.5 LT surfaced and 140.25 LT submerged. She featured a single shaft, a single 60 bhp Daimler diesel engine for surface running, and a single 120 shp electric motor for submerged travel. U-10 was capable of up to 6.5 knots while surfaced and 5.5 knots while submerged at a diving depth of up to 50 m. She was designed for a crew of 17 officers and men.

U-10 was equipped with two 45 cm torpedo tubes located in the front and carried a complement of two torpedoes. German Type UB I submarines were additionally equipped with a 8 mm machine gun, but it is not clear from sources if U-10, as a former German boat, was either equipped with one or, if so, retained it in Austro-Hungarian service. In October 1916, U-10's armament was supplemented with a 37-mm/23 (1.5 in) quick-firing (QF) gun. This gun was replaced by a 47-mm/23 (1.9 in) QF gun in November 1917.

Construction of UB-1 was started on 1 November 1914 at Germaniawerft in Kiel. After her assembly was complete UB-1 was launched on 22 January 1915.

After extended negotiations between Austro-Hungary and Germany, in March 1915 it was decided for Germany to supply five submarines of the UB I type. This model was familiar to the Austro-Hungary Navy since the Imperial German Navy had reassembled UB3, UB 8, and UB 9 at the Pola factory. The first boat was bought on April 4, 1915, a "sample" UB 1 boat. This submarine was shipped by rail in sections to Pola, where the sections were riveted together. Though there is no record of how long it took for UB-1's parts to be assembled, a sister boat, UB-3, shipped from Germany in mid-April 1915, was assembled in about two weeks.

Operational history
SM UB-1 was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Franz Wäger on 29 January. An Austro-Hungarian Navy officer was assigned to the boat for piloting and training purposes. On 26 June 1915, UB-1 sank an Italian torpedo boat Torpediniere 5 Pn in the Gulf of Venice.

On 4 June 1915, after being disassembled into three sections and transported by rail to Pola for reassembling, UB-1 was handed over to the Austro-Hungarian Navy and commissioned as U-10 under the command of Linienschiffsleutnant Karl Edler von Unczowski.

British submarine HMS H4 had an encounter with U-10 on 11 May 1917. While cruising off Pola, H4 came across U-10 and fired a spread of two torpedoes at the submarine. The torpedoes were aimed to be 5° apart at a distance of 365 m which was apparently too wide, because the captain of H4 observed the torpedoes miss just ahead and just astern of U-10.

On 9 July 1918, U-10 hit an Italian mine near Caorle in the northern Adriatic Sea at position 45.5°N, 13°W, and was beached with heavy damage. Although she was looted by Austro-Hungarian Army troops, she was later towed to Trieste for repairs, which remained unfinished at war's end; all of the 13 crew personnel were saved. U-10 was handed over to Italy as a war reparation and scrapped at Pola by 1920. U-10 sank no ships in her Austro-Hungarian service.