Elymais

Elymais or Elamais (Ἐλυμαΐς, Graecized form of the more ancient name, Elam) was a semi-independent state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassalary under Parthian control, and located at the head of the Persian Gulf in the present-day region of Khuzestan, Iran (Susiana). It was reportedly these people were great archers and natives of Susa, which lies to the east of Elymais territory. Most of the Elymais were probably descendants of the ancient Elamites, who once had control of that area in the past. The provinces of Elymais were Massabatice (later Masabadhan), Corbiane and Gabiane.

Nothing is known of their language, even though "Elamite" was still used by the Achaemenid Empire 250 years before the Elymais came into existence. A number of Aramaic inscriptions are found in Elymais. The kingdom of Elymais survived until its extinction by Sassanid invasion in early 3rd century AD.

It is also reported in 2 Maccabees that the priests of the temple of Nanea, which is located in Susa, tricked Antiochus IV Epiphanes and murdered him by throwing rocks on him and dismembering him (2Macc 1:10–17).

Coinage
The coins depicted a king; it isn't known whether this was a Parthian king or a local ruler as such information hasn't come to light through any means. But these coins were based on Greek standards, of debased Drachms and Tetradrachms. The royal picture is generally based on "Parthian" coinage, usually with an anchor with star in crescent figure, but the reverse has only horizontal lines (this has led numismatists to believe that the engravers didn't know Greek or copied from coins whose writing was already unintelligible).

Kings of Elymais
List of rulers
 * 1) Kamnaskires I Megas Soter (c. 147- c.145 BC)
 * 2) Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c 145- C. 139 BC)
 * 3) Okkonapses (c. 139/8 BC)
 * 4) Tigraios (c. 138/7- c. 133/2 bc)
 * 5) Darius (before c. 129 BC)
 * 6) Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus (c. 85 BC)
 * 7) Kamnaskires IV (c. 82/1- c. 76/5 BC) with Anzaze (his Queen)
 * 8) Kamnaskires V (c. 73/2- c. 46 BC)
 * 9) Kamnaskires VI (c. 46- c. 28 BC)
 * 10) Kamnaskires VII (c. 28 BC- c. 1 AD)
 * 11) Kamnaskires VIII (c. 1- c. 15 AD)
 * 12) Kamnaskires IX (c. 15- c. 25 AD)
 * 13) Orodes I (c. 25- c. 50 AD)
 * 14) Orodes II (c. 50- c. 70 AD) son of Orodes I
 * 15) Phraates (c. 70- c. 90 AD) son of Orodes (I or II)
 * 16) Orodes III (c. 90- c. 100 AD) son of Orodes II
 * 17) Kamnaskires-Orodes (c. 100- c. 120 AD) son of Orodes II
 * 18) Ariobarzanes (c. 125 AD)
 * 19) Osroes (c. 125-c. 130 AD)
 * 20) Unknown King I (c. 130- c. 140 AD)
 * 21) Orodes IV & Ulpan (c. 140- c. 160 AD)
 * 22) Abarbasi (c. 160- c. 170 AD)
 * 23) Orodes V (c. 170- c. 180 AD) son of Beldusa
 * 24) Vologases (c. 180- c. 190 AD)
 * 25) Unknown King II (c. 190- c. 210 AD)
 * 26) Unknown King III (c. 210- c. 220 AD)
 * 27) Orodes VI (c. 220- 224 AD)