Tom von Prince

Tom von Prince (born January 9, 1866 - November 4, 1914) was a German East Africa Company lieutenant and plantation owner in German East Africa. He most notably died at the Battle of Tanga during World War I as a captain in the Schutztruppe.

Early Life
He was born on 9 January 1866, son of Thomas Henry Prince, a Scotsman and the British police governor of the British island colony of Mauritius and a German mother. With the early death of his father, his mother returned to Germany. After he was orphaned, von Prince and his sister were educated in England. Later his mother's family brought him to Germany, and entered him into the Kassel Military Academy (Kadettenanstalt Kassel) for young Prussian male aristocrats in Legnica, Silesia. He was classmates with his future superior Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck. He also met his future wife Magdalene von Massow here.

Military Career
In 1887 he joined the Imperial German Army and served in the Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 99, which was stationed near Strasbourg. In 1889 he retired from the army as a lieutenant; and in 1890 joined the Kaiserliche Schutztruppe, initially called the Wissmann Truppe, from which developed the protective force for German East Africa. By 1890, Tom von Prince was involved in German East Africa as a lieutenant attempting to control 'the Street of Caravans' under control of the Wissmann Truppe. In East Africa, Prince initially participated in the suppression of the coastal insurgency. In the following years he commanded military expeditions to subjugate the Hehe people. Since the Hehe, under Chief Mkwawa, had only attacked and harassed the Germans, leading to the terrible loss of Commander Emil von Zelewski and many of his men, Tom Prince was sent far inland to Lake Nyassa, with a civilian representative of the Antislavery Committee, Wynecken. Here he met Wissmann, who lent him Bauer, the Wissmann's safari leader. The three, Prince, Wynecken, and Bauer, were to encircle the Hehe under Mkwawa, with the help of more than 20 Atongas and thousand Sangu soldiers sworn enemy of the Hehe tribe. He persecuted the ruler, Chief Mkwawa, until he finally defeated him and made him fled his capital and died in wilderness later. Prince interrupted his service in Africa by several stays in Germany. There he married Magdalene of Massow, who went with him to Africa. In 1896 he was promoted to the rank of captain. Prince also worked in the district authorities of German East Africa, including as government commissioner at Nyassa Lake and later in the region of Iringa. Around 1900, Prince left the protective force and colonial administration to settle as landowner in East Africa. Together with his wife, he founded a plantation near Sakkarani in the Usambara Mountains. In 1906 Prince was raised to the (Prussian) hereditary nobility.

World War I and Tanga
At the outbreak of the First World War Prince returned to active military service and commanded two European companies of the German Schutztruppe. He was recalled to active duty as Hauptmann (captain) and given command of the Askaris of the 13th Field Company and of the 7th and 8th Schützenkompanien (rifle companies composed mainly of the sons of German settlers). Prince's exploits earned him the nickname Bwana Sakarani — the wild one — from his Askaris.

He died in the Battle of Tanga in the fight against the British 2nd Loyal North Lancashire Regiment on November 4, 1914. His funeral took place together with twelve other German officers in Tanga.

Works

 * Tom von Prince: Gegen Araber und Wahehe – Erinnerungen aus meiner ostafrikanischen Leutnantszeit 1890–1895. Mittler, Berlin 1914

Literature

 * Herbert Viktor Patera: Der weiße Herr Ohnefurcht – Das Leben des Schutztruppenhauptmanns Tom von Prince. Deutscher Verlag, Berlin 1939.
 * Hans Schmiedel: "Bwana Sakkarani – Der Schutztruppenhauptmann Tom von Prince und seine Zeit". Handschriftliches Manuskript