Joint CIS Air Defense System

Joint CIS Air Defense System (Объединённая система ПВО СНГ) is a unified system that comprises air defense units and elements of the former Soviet republics under control of AA Defense Coordinating Committee of the CIS. Currently there are 6 de facto members of JADS: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. It was established by 1995 Almaty agreement. This agreement was also signed by Georgia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan, however Georgia and Turkmenistan ceased their membership in 1997, while Ukraine and Uzbekistan are maintaining cooperation with Russia on bilateral basis.

Functions
General aims of Joint AD System are the following:
 * Protection of air boundaries of the CIS member states;
 * Joint control of the CIS airspace;
 * Monitoring of aerospace posture;
 * Air/missile strike early warning and coordinated repsponse to it.

Commander
The Joint CIS AD System doesn't have a single commander. It is controlled by Air Defense Coordinating Committee of the CIS whose members are commanders of air defense troops or air forces of the member states. The Chairman of the Committee is Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force colonel-general Alexander Zelin.

Composition
As for year 2005 the Joint CIS AD System included:
 * 20 fighter regiments;
 * 29 surface to air-missile regiments;
 * 22 electronic intelligence units;
 * 2 electronic warfare battalions.

SAM regiments are armed with 9K33 Osa, 9K37 Buk, S-75 Dvina, S-125 Neva/Pechora, S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna and S-300 Favorit systems. Fighter jets include MiG-23, MiG-29, MiG-31 and Su-27. Joint exercises of CIS AD System are commonly held at Ashuluk range in Astrakhan Oblast.

Early warning system
The Russian early warning system was set up in Soviet times. Its headquarters and two satellite data reception stations are located in Russia, as well as 3 out of 8 radar stations. They include the Dnepr/Daugava system in Olenegorsk, the Dnepr/Dnestr-M system in Mishelevka, Usolye-Sibirskoye, and the Daryal system in Pechora.

The remaining radar stations are:


 * Daryal radar in Azerbaijan (Qabala);
 * Dnepr/Dnestr-M system in Balkash-9, Sary Shagan, Kazakhstan;
 * Volga radar in Belarus (Gantsevichi);
 * Okno electro-optical space surveillance station in Tajikistan.

The two Dnepr radars in Ukraine (Mukachevo and Sevastopol) used to be part of the system until 2008.

The next generation of Russian radar are the Voronezh radar.