Hanseatic Cross

The Hanseatic Cross (Hanseatenkreuz) was a decoration of the three Hanseatic city-states of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, who were members of the German Empire during World War I. Each republic established its own version of the cross, but the design and award criteria were similar for each.

Establishment and criteria
The Hanseatic Cross was jointly instituted by agreement of the senates of the three cities, with each senate ratifying the award on different days. The Lübeck version was established first, on August 21, 1915. The Hamburg version followed on September 10 and the Bremen version on September 14. The cross was awarded for merit in war, and could be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel. When awarded for bravery or combat merit, it was the three cities' equivalent of the Prussian Iron Cross.

The Bremen Hanseatic Cross was awarded approximately 20,000 times. There were approximately 50,000 awards of the Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg, the largest Hanseatic city. Lübeck was the smallest of the Hanseatic cities, and its Hanseatic Cross was awarded approximately 8-10,000 times. The roll for the Lübeck Hanseatic Cross have been transcribed by an international team of phaleristic researchers from Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. The complete roll was expected to be available by fall 2008/spring 2009.

Description
The Hanseatic Cross came in only one class, a cross worn from a ribbon on the left chest. The cross was a red-enameled silver cross pattée which bore the arms of the relevant city-state on the center medallion. The reverse was identical for all three versions and the center medallion bore the phrase "Für Verdienst im Kriege" ("for merit in war") and the date "1914".

Notable recipients
Bremen

Hamburg
 * Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, U-boat commander during World War I
 * Kurt Schmidt, Lieutenant General
 * Otto von Schrader
 * Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist
 * Max Immelmann, First Lieutenant and fighter ace

Lübeck
 * Felix Graf von Bothmer, General of Infantry
 * Karl von Bülow, General Field Marshal during World War I

Two medals
 * Manfred von Richthofen, Captain and World War I Ace of Aces (Bremen and Lübeck)

All three
 * Admiral Franz von Hipper, commander of the High Seas Fleet, after the Battle of Jutland