Dewoitine D.1

The Dewoitine D.1 was a French single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1920s, built by the French industrial company Dewoitine.

Development
The D.1 was the first airplane designed by Emile Dewoitine after he established his own company. The D.1 was designed to meet requirements issued by the French Service Technique de l'Aeronautique. It was a high-wing monoplane, with a metal oval-section fuselage with duralumin sheet skinning, and a metal strut-braced parasol wing with fabric covering. The first prototype (D.1.01) flew in November 1922. Derivatives of the D.1 were fitted with a variety of engines and wing designs.

Operational history
The D.1 was demonstrated in several countries. Yugoslavia purchased 79, Switzerland two, and Japan one. Italy purchased one, but then constructed 112 of their own version under the designation Ansaldo AC.2.

The French Air Force did not put the D.1 into service, but the French Navy acquired 30 D.1ter's, 15 of which equipped Escadrille 7C1 and operated off the FRENCH AIRCRAFT CARRIER Béarn.

Variants

 * D.1.01
 * the first prototype with high set wing with no pylon or cabane struts;(1 built).


 * D.1
 * Pre-series aircraft, some without pylon and some with pylon to D.1bis standard;(15 built).


 * D.1bis
 * Improved version with the wings raised 4.75 in on a short pylon: some pre-series and production aircraft were built to this standard, but most were built or modified to D.1ter standard.


 * D.1ter
 * The ultimate production standard D.1 with the wings supported on cabane struts in place of the pylon used on the D.1bis.


 * D.8
 * A high-altitude derivative of the D.1, fitted with an enlaged wing of wooden construction and a high compression Hispano-Suiza 8Fe engine. Submitted to the CEDANA (Commission dÉxamen des Appareils Nouveaux pour lÁeronautique) for the 1921 C1 fighter competition, the D.8 failed to ataract an order due to the high altitude class specification being withdrawn. The sole D.8 went on to establish some closed circuit speed records in 1924;(1 built).


 * D.9
 * The D.9 was derived from the D.1, for entry into the 1924 C1 fighter competition, by fitting a 420 hp Gnome-Rhône 9Ab (Jupiter IV) engine and later an enlarged wing. Unsuccessful in France the D.9 had some export success with 10 delivered to overseas customers and 150 built for the Swiss Fliegertruppe as the Ansaldo AC.3;(10 built).


 * D.12
 * The D.12 was developed in parallel to the D.9 for the 1923 C1 competition, powered by a 450 hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12E. Later fitted with a high compression engine the D.12 was unsuccessful in gaining a production contract;(2 built).


 * D.19
 * The D.19 was another response to the 1923 C1 fighter competition, fitted with a 400 hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb engine. Two prototypes took part in the competition and four more were delivered to Belgium and Switzerland;(6 built).


 * D.21
 * In the latter half of 1925 the second prototype D.12 was re-engined with a 500 hp Hispano-Suiza 12Gb engine. Intended for export the D.21 garnered reasonable success acquiring orders for 34 plus licence manufacture of a further 64 in Czecho-Slovakia and Argentina;(100 built).


 * Ansaldo AC.1
 * A single example of the D.1 assembled by Aeronautica Ansaldo SA prior to production of the modified AC.2 version;(1 built).


 * Ansaldo AC.2
 * The D.1 was built under licence by Ansaldo in Italy. 112 were built for the Regia Aeronautica;(112 built).


 * Ansaldo AC.3
 * Licence production of the D.9 derivative in Switzerland;(150 built).


 * Ansaldo AC.4
 * A direct descendant of the AC.2 the AC.4 replaced the HS 42 engine with a 420 hp FIAT A.20 engine. Flown in 1927;(1 built).

Operators

 * One D.1bis aircraft.
 * 🇫🇷 France
 * French Navy
 * Escadrille 7C3 - Escadrille 6C3
 * 🇮🇹 Italy
 * Regia Aeronautica
 * One D.1bis aircraft.
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland
 * Swiss Air Force - Two D.1bis aircraft.
 * Kingdom of Yugoslavia
 * Royal Yugoslav Air Force
 * Kingdom of Yugoslavia
 * Royal Yugoslav Air Force