Manfred Ewald

Manfred Ewald (May 17, 1926 – October 21, 2002) served as German Democratic Republic's (GDR) minister of sport (1961–1988) and president of his country's Olympic committee (1973–1990). He was convicted for his role in the state-sponsored system of the use of illicit performance-enhancing drugs that increased East Germany's Olympic successes from 1972–1988.

Life
Ewald was born in Podejuch, Province of Pomerania, Weimar Germany (Podjuchy, Poland), he was a member of the Hitler Youth, the Nazi party and, after World War II, the Socialist Unity Party (also known as the Communist Party). He was captured by the Soviet Red Army in 1944.

He was awarded the Olympic Order by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1983.

In 1985, as president of the National Olympic Committee of East Germany, Ewald authored a letter to the IOC for the 90th IOC session being held in East Berlin that year.

Ewald defended his role in sports doping in his 1994 book, Ich war der Sport.

Doping
On July 18, 2000, in Berlin, Ewald and Dr. Manfred Höppner, East Germany's top sports doctor, were convicted as accessories to "intentional bodily harm of athletes, including minors." Both received probation. During the trial, Höppner testified that they had received approval from the highest level of government.