Western Air Defense Sector

The Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) is a unit of the Washington Air National Guard located at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, Washington.

As a state militia unit, the Western Air Defense Sector is not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. It is under the jurisdiction of the Washington Air National Guard unless it is federalized by order of the President of the United States. It is operationally gained by Air Combat Command.

The WADS is one of two Sectors responsible to the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and the Continental NORAD Region for peacetime air sovereignty, strategic air defense, and airborne counter-drug operations in the continental United States. The other sector is the Eastern Air Defense Sector (EADS). There was a third Sector, the Southeast Air Defense Sector, located at Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida; but it was closed in 2006.

Overview
WADS operates a Sector Operations Control Center (SOCC) at McChord AFB, as part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS) which had replaced SAGE in 1983. This system enjoins state-of-the-art air defense systems and cutting-edge computer technology to significantly increase surveillance and identification capabilities, and better protect the nation's airways from intrusion and attack. It relies on digitized radar inputs from Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR) sites jointly operated by the Federal Aviation Administration and the Air Force, and tethered aerostat radar balloons. It is fully integrated with the E-3A Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) system and the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (E-8 Joint STARS).

The SOCC employs 27 NORAD contingency suites, and 31 Battle Control System-Fixed (BCS-F) displays. A next-generation air sovereignty system, BCS-F fuses data from airborne, ground and naval elements and civil air traffic sensors into an integrated air picture. This allows commanders to surveil and monitor the airspace above, beyond and within U.S. and Canadian borders, providing a major component for homeland defense.

It also incorporates a newly-developed situational awareness system that gives WADS unprecedented tools and technology to assist state and local responders in dealing with natural disasters. It has the redundant capability to cover the EADS if the call arises.

WADS is a Washington Air National Guard unit which reports directly to AFNORTH/1st Air Force at Tyndall AFB, Florida. The Sector reports to Air Combat Command (ACC) and to NORAD headquarters, in Colorado Springs, Colorado in its federal role. NORAD is a bi-national United States and Canadian organization charged with the missions of aerospace warning and aerospace control for North America.

Other NORAD air defense organizations include the Eastern Air Defense Sector (EADS), the Hawaii Region Air Operations Center (HIRAOC), the Alaska Region Air Operations Center (AKRAOC) and the Canada Air Defense Sector (CADS).

Mission
The Sector’s primary mission is Guarding America’s Skies. This 24/7 guardian role involves the use of radar and communications systems to monitor air traffic from the Mississippi River west to the Pacific Ocean, and from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border.

The WADS works closely with other federal agencies including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Secret Service and U.S. Customs Service as well as its sister military services – the U.S. Navy, U.S. Army and U.S. Coast Guard.

As part of the Washington Air National Guard, WADS reports to the Governor through the Washington National Guard offices at Camp Murray. The Sector works with state agencies to provide rapid response in the event natural or manmade disasters, and participate in disaster preparedness exercises. The Sector is able to provide an air picture to help in rescue operations in the event of disasters.

Units
Air National Guard units aligned under 1AF (AFNORTH) with an air defense mission under WADS are:


 * 144th Fighter Wing (F-16), California ANG, Fresno ANGB, California
 * 140th Wing (F-16), Colorado ANG, Buckley AFB, Colorado
 * 132d Fighter Wing (F-16), Iowa ANG, Des Moines, Iowa
 * 120th Fighter Wing (F-16), Montana ANG (F-15), Great Falls, Montana
 * 150th Fighter Wing (F-16), New Mexico ANG, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico


 * 138th Fighter Wing (F-16), Oklahoma ANG, Tulsa, Oklahoma
 * 142d Fighter Wing (F-15), Oregon ANG, Portland, Oregon
 * 173d Fighter Wing (F-15), Oregon ANG, Klamath Falls, Oregon
 * 114th Fighter Wing (F-16), South Dakota ANG, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
 * 149th Fighter Wing (F-16), Texas ANG, Lackland AFB, Texas

Cold War
The WADS predecessor unit, the Seattle Air Defense Sector was established by the USAF Air Defense Command on 8 January 1958 with a mission to train and maintain tactical flying units in state of readiness in order to defend the Seattle area, assuming control of former ADC Western Air Defense Force units located in western Washington west of the Cascade Range. The Sector was inactivated on 1 April 1966 as part of an ADC consolidation and reorganization; and its units were reassigned to the 25th Air Division.

Beginning on 1 July 1958 it began operations of a SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Direction Center DC-1247.12167°N, -122.50389°W at McChord AFB. It also operated a SAGE Combat Center (CC-03). SAGE inactivated 31 August 1983

On 1 April 1966, SEADS was inactivated, as did the other 22 sectors in the country. Most of its assets were assumed by the 25th Air Division. The DC-12 SAGE Direction Center was assigned to the 25th Air Division, remaining in operation until 31 December 1969. Today it is used as the Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) Joint Surveillance System (JSS) Sector Operations Control Center (SOCC)

Modern era
On 1 July 1987, the Seattle Air Defense Sector (SEADS) became the Northwest Air Defense Sector or NWADS, and was assigned to 25th Air Division, co-locating with the 25th AD. The 25th Air Division was inactivated on 30 September 1990, transferring its assets and responsibility for atmospheric defense to NWADS.

On 1 January 1995, the Northwest Air Defense Sector consolidated with the Southwest Air Defense Sector, its counterpart at March AFB, California, to become the Western Air Defense Sector (WADS). WADS assumed responsibility for the air sovereignty of the western United States from Texas around the west coast and across to North Dakota. Its area of responsibility is approximately 1.9 million square miles, about 63% of the continental United States.

On 1 October 1997, the Western Air Defense Sector completed a seamless transition from the active duty Air Force to the Air National Guard. Citizen-soldiers of the Washington Air National Guard are currently guarding America’s skies. The Continental NORAD Region (CONR) has responsibility for the Western Air Defense Sector and Eastern Air Defense Sector. It is headquartered at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

At the end of 2005, the outdated Q-93 radar system was replaced with modernized computer systems which was a major shift in how CONUS is defended since the Q-93 system had been in use since 1983. Also, in 2005 Western Air Defense Sector assumed responsibility of more airspace shifting from down the center of the US to East of Mississippi totalling roughly 75% of the US airspace. There have been a few system updates since 2005 but only upgrades to the firmware and program versions, not the hardware itself like what happened in 2005.

Lineage

 * Established as Seattle Air Defense Sector on 8 January 1958
 * Inactivated on 1 April 1966


 * Re-designated as Northwest Air Defense Sector (NWADS) and activated, 1 July 1987
 * Designation transferred from the USAF to the National Guard Bureau, 1 October 1997


 * Allotted to Washington ANG, 1 October 1997
 * Re-designated as  Western Air Defense Sector (WADS), extended federal recognition and activated, 1 October 1997

Assignments

 * 25th Air Division, 8 January 1958-1 April 1966
 * 25th Air Division, 1 July 1987
 * First Air Force, 1 October 1990
 * Washington Air National Guard
 * Gained by: First Air Force, Air Combat Command, 1 October 1997

Stations

 * McChord AFB (later McChord Field), Washington, 8 January 1958–1 April 1966; 1 July 1987–Present

Wing

 * 325th Fighter Wing (Air Defense)
 * McChord AFB, Washington, 10 February 1960 – 1 April 1966

Groups

 * 57th Fighter Group (Air Defense)
 * Paine Field, Washington, 1 April 1961-1 April 1966


 * 326th Fighter Group (Air Defense)
 * Paine Field, Washington, 10 February 1960-1 April 1961

Interceptor Squadrons

 * 5th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 1 December 1987-1 July 1988

Radar Squadrons

 * 635th Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Fort Lawton AFS, Washington, 11 June 1960-1 January 1963


 * 636th Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Condon AFS, Oregon, 1 June 1963-1 April 1966


 * 637th Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Othello AFS, Washington, 1 September 1963-1 April 1966


 * 757th Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Blaine AFS, Washington, 1 March 1960-1 April 1966


 * 758th Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Makah AFS, Washington, 1 March 1960-1 April 1966


 * 759th Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Naselle AFS, Washington, 1 March 1960-1 April 1966


 * 822d Radar Squadron (SAGE)
 * Cottonwood AFS, Idaho, 1 June 1963-25 June 1965


 * 917th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
 * Puntzi Mountain AS, British Columbia, 1 March 1960-1 February 1963


 * 918th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
 * Baldy Hughes AS, British Columbia, 1 March 1960-1 March 1963