Battle of Bukhara

The Battle of Bukhara took place in 557 when the Sassanid Empire allied with the Göktürks against the Hephthalite Empire.

Context
In 484, Peroz I, grandfather of Khosrau I, was killed in a ruinous campaign by the Hephthalites that allowed them to annex much of Khorasan from the Sassanids.

After a stable peace agreement with the Byzantines in the west, Khosrau I was able to focus his attention on the Eastern Hephthalites and avenge the death of his grandfather. Even with the growth of Persian military power under Khosrau's reforms, the Sassanians were still uneasy at the prospect of attacking the Hephthalites on their own and sought allies. Their answer came in the form of Turkic incursions into Central Asia. The movement of Turkic people into Central Asia quickly made them natural enemies and competitors to the Hephthalites.

The Hephthalites possessed military power, but they lacked the organization to fight on multiple fronts. The Persians and the Turkic tribes made an alliance and launched a two pronged attack on the Hephthalites, taking advantage of their disorganization and disunity. As a result, the Turkic tribes took the territory north of the Oxus river, while the Persians annexed the land south of the river.

Aftermath
Even though the Hephthalites lost control of Transoxania, Hephthalite kingdoms remained in Afghanistan.

Friendly relations between the Turks and the Persians quickly deteriorated after the conquest of the Hephthalite peoples. Both the Turks and the Persians wanted to dominate the Silk Road and the trade between the west and the far east. In 568, a Turkish ambassador was sent to Byzantine to propose an alliance and a two-pronged attack on the Sassanian Empire. Fortunately for the Persians, nothing came from this proposal.