448th Missile Squadron

The 448th Missile Squadron (448 MS) is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 321st Missile Group, stationed at Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota

The 448 MS was equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), with a mission of nuclear deterrence. With the end of the Cold War, the 448th was inactivated on 30 September 1998.

World War II
Activated in mid-1942 as a B-25 Mitchell medium bomber squadron, trained by Third Air Force in the southeastern United States. Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO), being assigned to Twelfth Air Force in Algeria in early 1943. In North Africa, the squadron engaged primarily in support and interdictory operations, bombing marshalling yards, rail lines, highways, bridges, viaducts, troop concentrations, gun emplacements, shipping, harbors, and other objectives in North Africa.

The squadron also engaged in psychological warfare missions, dropping propaganda leaflets behind enemy lines. Took part in the Allied operations against Axis forces in North Africa during March–May 1943, the reduction of Pantelleria and Lampedusain islands during June, the invasion of Sicily in July, the landing at Salerno in September, the Allied advance toward Rome during January–June 1944, the invasion of Southern France in August 1944, and the Allied operations in northern Italy from September 1944 to April 1945. Inactivated in Italy after the German Capitulation in September 1945.

Reactivated as part of the Air Force Reserve in 1947 and equipped with A-26/B-26 Invader medium bombers, then inactivated in 1949 due to budget cuts.

Strategic Air Command
Was reactivated in 1953 as a Strategic Air Command B-47 Stratojet squadron. Trained in air refueling and strategic bombardment operations with the B-47. in 1961, the squadron began transferring its B-47s to other SAC wings and became non-operational as part of the phaseout of the B-47.

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Squadron
On 1 November 1963 the 446th Strategic Missile Squadron was organized as a SAC LGM-30F Minuteman II intercontinental ballistic missile wing. Activated on 1 Sep 1965, being made operational on 7 December 1966, with a complement of 50 missiles. Participated in “Project Long Life II,” a unique reliability test in which modified Minuteman missiles were fueled to travel a few hundred yards. The first launch from a silo occurred on 19 October 1966 and was declared unsuccessful. Nine days later, a second attempt also failed. A third attempt under “Project Giant Boost” occurred in August 1968 and again proved unsuccessful.

From December 1971 to March 1973, converted to LGM-30G Minuteman III missiles. These missiles represented a significant technological advancement, having multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs). Coordinating the missile changeover required complex planning and execution.

With the restructuring of the Air Force and the disestablishment of Strategic Air Command (SAC) in the early 1990s was reassigned to Air Combat Command (ACC) in 1992 and then under Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) in 1993.

In March 1995, the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission selected the 321st Strategic Missile Wing for inactivation. Squadron was ordered to securely transfer its alert responsibilities to the 341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. Maintained nuclear alert until inactivated in 1998, nearly 40 years after it went on alert.

Lineage

 * Constituted 448th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 19 Jun 1942
 * Activated on 26 Jun 1942
 * Inactivated on 12 Sep 1945


 * Re-designated 448th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 26 May 1947
 * Activated in the reserve on 29 Jun 1947
 * Inactivated on 27 Jun 1949


 * Re-designated 448th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 25 Nov 1953
 * Activated on 15 Dec 1953
 * Discontinued, and inactivated on 25 Oct 1961


 * Re-designated 448th Strategic Missile Squadron on 1 Nov 1963
 * Organized on 1 Sep 1965
 * Re-designated 448th Missile Squadron on 1 Sep 1991
 * Inactivated on 30 Sep 1998

Assignments

 * 321st Bombardment Group, 26 Jun 1942-12 Sep 1945; 29 Jun 1947-27 Jun 1949
 * 321st Bombardment Wing, 15 Dec 1953-25 Oct 1961
 * 321st Strategic (later Missile) Wing, 1 Sep 1965
 * 321st Missile Group, 1 Jul 1994-30 Sep 1998

Stations

 * Barksdale Field, Louisiana, 26 June 1942
 * Columbia Army Air Base, South Carolina, c. 1 August 1942
 * Walterboro Army Airfield, South Carolina, September 1942
 * DeRidder Army Airbase, Louisiana, c. 1 December 1942-21 January 1943
 * Ain M'lila Airfield, Algeria, 12 March 1943
 * Souk-el-Arba Airfield, Tunisia, c. 1 June 1943
 * Soliman Airfield, Tunisia, 8 August 1943
 * Grottaglie Airfield, Italy, October 1943


 * Amendola Airfield, Italy, c. 20 November 1943
 * Vincenzo Airfield, Italy, 14 January 1944
 * Gaudo Airfield, Italy, February 1944
 * Corsica, 23 April 1944
 * Falconara Airfield, Italy, 1 April 1945
 * Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, c. September-12 September 1945
 * Stout Army Air Field, Indiana 29 June 1947-27 June 1949
 * Pinecastle AFB, Florida, 15 Dec 1953-25 Oct 1961
 * Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota, 1 Sep 1965-30 Sep 1998

Aircraft and missiles
448th Missile Squadron Launch Facilities
 * B-25 Mitchell (1942–1945)
 * AT-6 Texan (1947–1949)
 * AT-11 Kansan (1947–1949)
 * B-47E Stratojet, 1953-1961
 * LGM-30F Minuteman II, 1965-1973
 * LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1972-1998
 * Missile Alert Facilities (K-O flights, each controlling 10 missiles) are located as follows:
 * K-00 9.6 mi NE of Finley ND,      47.61694°N, -97.70389°W
 * L-00 10.5 mi W of Hope ND,        47.33417°N, -97.94°W
 * M-00 3.8 mi SxSE of Hope ND,      47.27139°N, -97.68861°W
 * N-00 6.1 mi S of Hannaford ND,    47.22333°N, -98.19167°W
 * O-00 3.6 mi N of Cooperstown ND,  47.4975°N, -98.12694°W