Ernst Biberstein

Ernst Emil Heinrich Biberstein (or Bieberstein) (February 15, 1899, Hilchenbach - December 8, 1986) was an SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel), member of the SD and commanding officer of Einsatzkommando 6. He was born Ernst Schzymanowski or Szymanowski.

Early life
Ernst Biberstein was born Ernst Szymanowski in Hilchenbach, Province of Westphalia. His early education was at Mülheim. He was a private in World War I from March 1917 to 1919. Upon discharge, he studied theology from March 1919 through 1921 and became a Protestant pastor on December 28, 1924. In 1935 he entered the Reichskirchenministerium and was later transferred to the Reichssicherheitshauptamt.

Nazism
Biberstein joined the Nazi party in 1926 and the SS on September 13, 1936 (membership number 272692). From March through October 1940 he was again a soldier. In 1941, he changed his name from Szymanowski to Biberstein. After the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, he was assigned command of Einsatzgruppe C in June 1942.

Nuremberg and later life
Biberstein was a defendant at the Einsatzgruppen Trial during the Nuremberg Trials. His trial began in September 1947 and ended April 9, 1948. At his arraignment, along with all other defendants, he pled not guilty on all charges. Einsatzkommando 6 was charged with having executed some two to three thousand people. It was brought to light that at Rostow, Biberstein had personally supervised the execution of some 50 to 60 people. The victims were stripped of valuable articles (and partially of clothes), gassed, and left in a mass grave. He was also present at executions where victims were made to kneel at the edge of a pit and killed with a submachine gun.

Biberstein was ultimately found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging, which was later commuted to life imprisonment in 1951. He was released in 1958 and temporarily returned to the clergy. He died in 1986 in Neumünster.

In media
Biberstein was portrayed in the 1978 NBC Holocaust television miniseries by Edward Hardwicke.