Cavalry scout

The Cavalry Scout is a job title and a reconnaissance specialist in the United States Army. Cavalry Scouts work to obtain, distribute and share vital combat and battlefield information on the enemy and on combat circumstances and environmental conditions. The role originated with the United States Cavalry.

The Cavalry Scout is the commander's eyes and ears on the battlefield. When information about the enemy is needed, they call on the Scouts. Cavalry Scouts gather information by dismounted and/or mounted reconnaissance patrols. They are responsible for reconnaissance and they utilize various weapons to include explosives and mines. Cavalry Scouts engage the enemy with anti-armor weapons and scout vehicles in the field, track and report enemy movement and activities, and will direct the employment of various weapon systems onto the enemy. The job of a Cavalry Scout is to operate as one of the first personnel in an area, provide forward reconnaissance and spotting for the U.S. Army, and find and relay key information about the enemy to commanders and leaders in the field. Their duties include assisting with observation and listening posts, gathering reconnaissance information, performing and helping with navigation, and helping secure and transport ammunition. The Cavalry Scout leads, serves, or assists as a member of scout crew, squad, section, or platoon in reconnaissance, security, and other combat operations.

Major Duties by Skill Level
Skill Level I (E1 Private - E4 Specialist/Corporal)


 * Performs duties as crewmember, operates, and performs operator maintenance on scout vehicles: Cavalry Fighting Vehicle (M3 Bradley CFV), HMMWV (Humvee), M1127 Reconnaissance Vehicle (Stryker), crew-served weapons, anti-armor weapons, and communications equipment.
 * Loads, clears, and fires individual and crew-served weapons.
 * Engages enemy armor with anti-armor weapons.
 * Operates and performs operator maintenance on wheeled vehicles.
 * Assists in the recovery of wheeled and tracked vehicles. Secures, prepares, and stows ammunition on scout vehicles.
 * Performs mounted and dismounted navigation.
 * Serves as member of observation and listening post.
 * Gathers and reports information on terrain features and enemy strength, disposition and equipment.
 * Applies principles of escape, and evasion.
 * Collects data for the classification of routes, fords, tunnels, and bridges.
 * Performs dismounted patrols.
 * Employs principles of cover and concealment and camouflage.
 * Assists with construction of light field fortifications, laying and removal of mines, and emplacing demolitions.
 * Requests and adjusts indirect fire.

Skill Level II (E5 Sergeant)


 * Supervises scout vehicle crew.
 * Supervises operator maintenance of tracked and wheeled scout vehicles and individual and crew-served weapons.
 * Selects, organizes, and supervises operation of observation and listening posts.
 * Supervises scout vehicle recovery operations.
 * Trains scout vehicle crew.
 * Supervises request, receipt, storage, and issue of ammunition.
 * Leads scout vehicle crew and assists in leading scout squad.
 * Serves as gunner, on CFV, HMMWV, and M1127 Stryker RV.
 * May also serve as an Operations Assistant at brigade or squadron level.

Skill Level III (E6 Staff Sergeant)


 * Supervises scout sections and squads.
 * Directs tactical deployment of section and squads in combat.
 * Supervises maintenance of assigned vehicles and equipment.
 * Collects, reports and evaluates accuracy of intelligence information.
 * Directs reconnaissance of fording sites, tunnels, and bridges.
 * Directs route / area / zone reconnaissance at section level.
 * Coordinates action of vehicles with platoon and supporting elements.
 * Evaluates terrain, selected routes, assembly areas, firing positions, and positions for combat operations.
 * Identifies, selects targets, and issues fire commands.
 * Supervises construction of hasty fortifications.
 * Supervises section and squad resupply of class I, III, and V.
 * Trains scout section.
 * Coordinates requirements for organizational maintenance.
 * Conducts scout section drills.
 * Calls for, observes, and adjusts indirect fires.
 * May also serve as an Operations Assistant in the squadron/battalion or higher level staffs and as Operations NCO at troop level.

Skill Level IV (E7 Sergeant First Class)


 * Assists the commander or operations officer in planning, organizing, directing, supervising, training, coordinating, and reporting activities of the scout or armored cavalry platoon and staff sections.
 * Directs distribution of fire in combat.
 * Supervises platoon maintenance activities.
 * Collects, evaluates, and assists in interpretation and dissemination of combat information.
 * Directs platoon tactical movement, platoon security operations (screening), and platoon route/area/zone reconnaissance.
 * Supervises the employment of OPSEC measures.
 * Coordinates the evacuation of casualties.
 * Coordinates and conducts platoon resupply.
 * Requests and adjusts aerial fires.
 * May also serve as an Assistant Operations NCO at battalion or higher level.

Uniform
Cavalry Scouts wear the ACU, or Army Combat Uniform. The standard camouflage pattern issued is the UCP (Universal Camouflage Pattern), or in certain theatres (specifically soldiers going to, or coming from Afghanistan), the OCP (OEF) Camouflage Pattern, commonly referred to as Multicam. Two unique articles, the stetson hat as well as spurs, can be worn during special events or when directed by the chain of command. Cavalry Scouts are permitted to wear the Cavalry Stetson Hat with the Dress Uniforms during formal unit functions. The Stetson is traditional accompanied by wearing the spurs which are earned when the unit conducts a "Spur Ride." Cavalry Spurs can be earned by all Cavalry Scouts. Spurs may be worn on bloused combat boots with the dress uniforms and the duty uniform. The generally-accepted Cavalry Spurs are the simplified Prince of Wales spurs (spurs without the rowel, or star-shaped 'wheel' on the back).

A Scout is authorized to wear silver spurs if he has completed a Spur Ride, a rigorous series of physical and mental tasks/events designed to test the scout's military skills, military bearing, physical endurance, mental fortitude, teamwork, ability to act under pressure and exhaustion, and ability to think and improvise quickly. The spur ride was similar to the Infantry's EIB in that only a scout could earn them. That tradition has since changed from the mid to late 90's and now anyone serving in a Cavalry unit, CA or CSS can earn them. The Spur Ride rarely lasts more than three days (sometimes as little as one very long day and night), primarily due to U.S. Army regulations against hazing traditions. In short, it once was a "gut" check or a "smoke" session but it has changed with the times but some units still practice some of the older traditions when it comes to earning the spurs. The exact details of a Spur Ride varies according to the traditions of the particular Cavalry Squadron.

A Scout who has previously earned his silver spurs and then serves in combat is eligible for brass or gold combat spurs. Scouts who have directly been involved in combat are often awarded combat spurs in lieu of the normally-prerequisite silver spurs.

The Certificate awarded to Order of the Spur inductees, while honored by Cavalrymen everywhere, is not a document that is authorized for inclusion in a soldier's permanent official military file. Regardless, induction into the Order of the Spur is for life, and once awarded is recognized no matter which duty station the Cavalry Scout is assigned to.

Although awarding of the Cavalry Spurs is often reserved for Cavalry troopers only, a deserving soldier or foreign military member who has provided great service (often in combat) to the Cavalry Squadron may be awarded Spurs.

The spurs and stetson are not authorized and are not official headgear or award. They are part of the esprit de corps that lives within the Cav.

Qualifications
Physical demands rating and qualifications for initial award of MOS; the job is not available to female personnel. Cavalry scouts must possess the following qualifications:


 * Physical Demands Rating = Very heavy
 * Physical profile (The PULHES Factor) = 111121 or better
 * Correctable vision of 20/20 in one eye and 20/100 in other eye
 * Normal color vision
 * A minimum score, of 87 in aptitude area CO (ASVAB/GT score)
 * Formal training (completion of MOS I 19D course conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Army Armor School) mandatory
 * Highest rank an individual may be reclassified into MOS 19D is rank SGT

Additional skill identifiers

 * D3 - Bradley Fighting Vehicle System (BFVS).
 * E9 - M901 (ITV) Gunner/Crew Training.
 * F7 - Pathfinder
 * J3 - Bradley Fighting Vehicle Master Gunner.
 * P5 - Master Fitness Trainer.
 * 2C - JAVELIN Gunnery.
 * 2S - Battle Staff Operations (skill level 3 and above).
 * 4A - Reclassification Training.
 * 5W - Jumpmaster
 * 2B - Air Assault
 * B4 - Sniper(Can attend training but will not be awarded ASI of B4)
 * R4 - STRYKER ARMORED VEHICLE OPERATOR

Skill qualification identifiers

 * P - Parachutist
 * Q - Equal Opportunity Adviser
 * 8 - Instructor
 * X - Drill Instructor
 * V - Airborne Ranger
 * G - Ranger
 * 4 - Recruiter

Training and School information
All Cavalry Scouts attend OSUT (One Station Unit Training) at Ft. Benning, GA. The first phase, roughly 9 weeks, is basic military training. The second phase, roughly 7 weeks long, focuses on becoming a Scout for a total of 16 weeks. During these final weeks the future Cavalry men are trained by Instructors as well as their Drill Sergeants.

The OSUT training was moved from Fort Knox, Kentucky to Fort Benning, Georgia in 2011.

Training is broken into color-coded phases, during which recruits gain increasing freedom provided, based on the recommendations of their drill instructors. Training required good physical and mental condition, and is mostly hands on, in the field.