John Church Hamilton

John Church Hamilton (August 22, 1792 − July 25, 1882) was a historian, biographer, and lawyer. He was a son of Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Early life
Hamilton was born on August 22, 1792 in Philadelphia. He was the fourth son, and the fifth of eight children, born to Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton. His maternal grandparents were Philip Schuyler, a Revolutionary War hero and United States senator from New York, and Catherine Van Rensselaer.

He was eleven years old when his father was killed in a duel with Vice President Aaron Burr. In 1809, he graduated from Columbia College, and subsequently studied law.

Army service
Hamilton began serving in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812, attaining the rank of second lieutenant. During this time he served as an aide-de-camp to Major General William Henry Harrison, a future president of the United States. In June 1814, without having ever been actively engaged in the field, he resigned his position in the army and returned to private life.

Historian
According to his obituary in the New York Times, upon returning from military service, "he did not apply himself to the practice of law, but, having strong literary tastes, devoted himself to the study of history, with a view to writing his father's life." Between 1834 and 1840, he sorted through his father's letters and other papers. He wrote a two-volume biography titled The Life of Alexander Hamilton, published 1840–1841; however, nearly all copies were destroyed in a fire while in the process of binding. Under the authority of the Joint Library Committee of the United States Congress, he subsequently edited an authorized collection of his father's writings, The Works of Alexander Hamilton: Containing His Correspondence, and His Political and Official Writings, Exclusive of the Federalist, published in seven volumes in 1850–1851.

Between 1857 and 1864, Hamilton published his seven-volume Life of Alexander Hamilton, combining a biography of his father with a history of the United States "as traced in his writings and in those of his contemporaries." After several other biographers had abandoned the project, Hamilton had been prompted to write the comprehensive biography by his mother, who died prior to its publication.

In 1869, Hamilton published an edition of The Federalist, with historical notes and commentary.

Politics
Hamilton was a member of the Whig Party and later a Republican, but never held elected office, having lost a run for Congress to represent part of New York City.

His opinions on economics were at different times solicited by Presidents Ulysses S. Grant and Chester A. Arthur.

Later life
In 1880, he presented a statue of Alexander Hamilton to the city of New York, "though preferring it were the act of others." At the November 22, 1880 unveiling of the statue in Central Park near the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he said that after a century of the nation's existence, time had shown "the utility of [Hamilton's] public services and the lessons of his polity," and that he trusted "that this memorial may aid in their being recalled and usefully appreciated."

On July 25, 1882, the 89-year-old Hamilton died at Stockton Cottage, on Ocean Avenue in Long Branch, New Jersey, due to complications of jaundice and catarrh. His funeral was held at Trinity Church in Manhattan.

Family
He was married to Maria Eliza van den Heuvel (January 4, 1795 – September 13, 1873), daughter of Jan "John" Cornelis van den Heuvel, a prominent and wealthy merchant of New York City, and Charlotte Augusta Apthorp. Together they had the following children:


 * General Alexander Hamilton (1815–1907), a major general in the Civil War, author of Dramas and Poems (1887).
 * Charlotte Augusta Hamilton (1819–1896)
 * Schuyler Hamilton (1822–1903), who served in the Mexican War
 * Mary E. Hamilton (1825–1887), who married Judge Charles A. Peabody (1814–1901)
 * Charles Apthorpe Hamilton (July 23, 1826 – November 29, 1901), was educated in New York, England, and Germany. After clerking for a New York law firm, he practiced law in Wisconsin. He enlisted in the Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry at the start of the Civil War in 1861, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. A severe battle injury to both legs compelled his resignation in March 1863, and he returned to practicing law. In 1881, he was elected judge of the circuit court for Milwaukee.
 * Adelaide Hamilton (1830–1915)
 * Elizabeth Hamilton (1831–1884), who first married Henry Wager Halleck in 1855 and after his death, married George Washington Cullum in 1875.
 * William Gaston Hamilton (1832–1913), a consulting engineer of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company
 * Laurens Hamilton (1834 – July 6, 1858), an 1854 graduate of Columbia College, who died at the age of 23. He had served for one year as a private in the Seventh Regiment of New York, and drowned accidentally while serving as part of a military escort aboard a ship returning the remains of President James Monroe to Richmond, Virginia.
 * Alice Hamilton (September 11, 1838 – September 15, 1905)