Screamin' Jay Hawkins

Jalacy "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins (July 18, 1929 – February 12, 2000) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Famed chiefly for his powerful, operatic vocal delivery and wildly theatrical performances of songs such as "I Put a Spell on You", he sometimes used macabre props onstage, making him an early pioneer of shock rock.

Early life
Born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, Hawkins studied classical piano as a child and learned guitar in his twenties. His initial goal was to become an opera singer (Hawkins cited Paul Robeson as his musical idol in interviews), but when his initial ambitions failed he began his career as a conventional blues singer and pianist.

Hawkins was an avid and formidable boxer. In 1949, he was the middleweight boxing champion of Alaska. In 1951, he joined guitarist Tiny Grimes' band, and was subsequently featured on some of Grimes' recordings. When Hawkins became a solo performer, he often performed in a stylish wardrobe of leopard skins, red leather, and wild hats.

"I Put a Spell on You"
Hawkins' most successful recording, "I Put a Spell on You" (1956), was selected as one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. According to the AllMusic Guide to the Blues, "Hawkins originally envisioned the tune as a refined ballad." The entire band was intoxicated during a recording session where "Hawkins screamed, grunted, and gurgled his way through the tune with utter drunken abandon." The resulting performance was no ballad but instead a "raw, guttural track" that became his greatest commercial success and reportedly surpassed a million copies in sales, although it failed to make the Billboard pop or R&B charts.

The performance was mesmerizing, although Hawkins himself blacked out and was unable to remember the session. Afterward he had to relearn the song from the recorded version. Meanwhile, the record label released a second version of the single, removing most of the grunts that had embellished the original performance; this was in response to complaints about the recording's overt sexuality. Nonetheless it was banned from radio in some areas.

Soon after the release of "I Put a Spell on You", radio disc jockey Alan Freed offered Hawkins $300 to emerge from a coffin onstage. Hawkins accepted and soon created an outlandish stage persona in which performances began with the coffin and included "gold and leopardskin costumes and notable voodoo stage props, such as his smoking skull on a stick – named Henry – and rubber snakes." These props were suggestive of voodoo, but also presented with comic overtones that invited comparison to "a black Vincent Price."

"I Put a Spell On You" became a classic cult song, covered by a variety of artists such as Creedence Clearwater Revival, Nina Simone, Alan Price, The Animals, Them with Van Morrison, Arthur Brown, Bryan Ferry, Buddy Guy with Carlos Santana, Tim Curry, Leon Russell, Joe Cocker, Nick Cave in a concert only version, Marilyn Manson, Mica Paris with David Gilmore, Jeff Beck and Joss Stone, Diamanda Galas, and Annie Lennox in 2014 for her Grammy nominated album Nostalgia. Hawkins' original "I Put a Spell on You" was featured during the show and over the credits of Episode 303 of The Simpsons.

Later career
Hawkins' later releases included "Constipation Blues" (which included a spoken introduction by Hawkins in which he states he wrote the song because no one had written a blues song before about "real pain"), "Orange Colored Sky", and "Feast of the Mau Mau". Nothing he released, however, had the monumental success of "I Put a Spell on You". In Paris in 1999 and at the Taste of Chicago festival, he actually performed "Constipation Blues" with a toilet onstage.

He continued to tour and record through the 1960s and 1970s, particularly in Europe, where he was very popular. He appeared in performance (as himself) in the Alan Freed bio-pic American Hot Wax in 1978. Subsequently, filmmaker Jim Jarmusch featured "I Put a Spell on You" on the soundtrack – and deep in the plot – of his film Stranger Than Paradise (1983) and then Hawkins himself as a hotel night clerk in his Mystery Train and in roles in Álex de la Iglesia's Perdita Durango and Bill Duke's adaptation of Chester Himes' A Rage in Harlem.

His 1957 single "Frenzy" (found on the early 1980s compilation of the same name) was included in the compilation CD, Songs in the Key of X: Music from and Inspired by the X-Files, in 1996. This song was featured in the show's Season 2 episode "Humbug". It was also covered by the band Batmobile. In 1983, Hawkins relocated to the New York area. In 1984 and 1985, Hawkins collaborated with garage rockers The Fuzztones, resulting in "Screamin' Jay Hawkins and The Fuzztones Live" album recorded at Irving Plaza in December 1984. They perform in the 1986 movie Joey.

In 1990, Hawkins performed the song "Sirens Burnin'," which was featured in the 1990 horror film Night Angel.

In July 1991, Hawkins released his album Black Music for White People. The record features covers of two Tom Waits compositions: "Heart Attack and Vine" (which, later that year, was used in a European Levi's advertisement without Waits' permission, resulting in a lawsuit), and "Ice Cream Man" (which, contrary to popular belief, is a Waits original, and not a cover of the John Brim classic). Hawkins also covered the Waits song "Whistlin' Past the Graveyard", for his album Somethin' Funny Goin' On. In 1993, his version of "Heart Attack and Vine" became his only UK hit, reaching #42 on the UK singles chart.

When Dread Zeppelin recorded their "disco" album, It's Not Unusual in 1992, producer Jah Paul Jo asked Hawkins to guest. He performed the songs "Jungle Boogie" and "Disco Inferno". He also toured with The Clash and Nick Cave during this period, and not only became a fixture of blues festivals, but appeared at many film festivals as well, including the Telluride Film Festival premier of Mystery Train.

In 2001, the Greek director and writer Nicholas Triandafyllidis made the documentary Screamin' Jay Hawkins: I Put a Spell on Me about various stages of his life and career, including a filming of his last ever live performance, in Athens, on December 20, 1999, two months before his death (he played in Salonica too a day earlier). Notable artists such as Jim Jarmusch, Bo Diddley, Eric Burdon, Frank Ash, Arthur Brown and Michael Ochs talked about Screamin' Jay Hawkins' early life, personality, career and his incredible talent.

Personal life
Hawkins had six marriages; his last wife was 31 at his death. Singing partner Shoutin' Pat Newborn stabbed him in jealousy when he married Virginia Sabellona. He had three children with his first wife and claimed variously to have 57 or 75 in total. After his death, his friend and biographer Maral Nigolian set up a website to trace these children, identifying 33, at least 12 of whom met at a 2001 reunion.

Death
Hawkins died after emergency surgery for an aneurysm on February 12, 2000, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, near Paris.

Influence
Although Hawkins was not a major success as a recording artist, his highly theatrical performances from "I Put a Spell on You" onward earned him a steady career as a live performer for decades afterward, and influenced subsequent acts. He opened for Fats Domino, Tiny Grimes and the Rolling Stones. This exposure in turn influenced rock groups such as Alice Cooper,  Tom Waits, the Cramps, Screaming Lord Sutch, Black Sabbath, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Arthur Brown, Led Zeppelin, the Horrors, Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie and Glenn Danzig.

In popular culture
In 2016, "an inventive retelling of the outrageous life of Screamin' Jay Hawkins" by author Mark Binelli, entitled "Screamin' Jay Hawkins' All-Time Greatest Hits", was released by Metropolitan Books.
 * In 1995, a portion of his song "Frenzy" was used in the season 2 episode "Humbug" of the Fox TV series The X-Files.
 * In 2009 "Frenzy" can be heard during the end credits of the season 2 episode, by the same name, of the HBO series True Blood.
 * In the 2009 film, Nowhere Boy, a vinyl of "I Put A Spell On You" is presented to a young John Lennon, who then gives the vinyl to his Mother, Julia, to play on a record player.
 * In 2016, a portion of his 1957 song "Little Demon" was used as the soundtrack for a Fitbit Blaze commercial.

Studio albums

 * 1958 At Home with Screamin' Jay Hawkins (Okeh/Epic) – other editions entitled Screamin' Jay Hawkins and I Put a Spell on You
 * 1965 The Night and Day of Screamin' Jay Hawkins (Planet/52e Rue Est) – also entitled In the Night and Day of Screamin' Jay Hawkins
 * 1969 ...What That Is! (Philips)
 * 1970 Because Is in Your Mind (Armpitrubber) (Philips)
 * 1972 A Portrait of a Man and His Woman (Hotline) – reissued as I Put a Spell on You and Blues Shouter
 * 1977 I Put a Spell on You (Versatile – recordings from 1966–1976)
 * 1979 Screamin' the Blues (Red Lightnin' – recordings from 1953–1970)
 * 1979 Lawdy Miss Clawdy (Koala)
 * 1983 Real Life (Zeta)
 * 1991 Black Music for White People (Bizarre/Straight Records/Planet Records)
 * 1991 I Shake My Stick at You (Aim)
 * 1993 Stone Crazy (Bizarre/Straight/Planet)
 * 1994 Somethin' Funny Goin' On (Bizarre/Straight/Planet)
 * 1998 At Last (Last Call)

Live albums

 * 1984 Screamin' Jay Hawkins and the Fuzztones Live (Midnight Records)
 * 1988 At Home with Jay in the Wee Wee Hours (Midnight Records)
 * 1988 Live & Crazy (Blue Phoenix)
 * 1991 Screamin' Jay Hawkins and the Chikenhawks: Dr. Macabre (Trade Service)
 * 1993 Rated X (Sting S) — recorded in 1970
 * 1999 Live at the Olympia, Paris (Last Call) — live with one new studio recording

Singles

 * 1953 "Not Anymore" / "Baptize Me in Wine" [Timely 1004]
 * 1954 "I Found My Way to Wine" / "Please Try to Understand Me" [Timely 1005]
 * 1955 "Well I Tried" / "You're All of My Life to Me" [Wing 9005]
 * 1955 "This Is All" / "(She Put The) Whammee (On Me)" [Mercury 70549]
 * 1956 "Even Though" / "Talk About Me" [Wing 90055]
 * 1956 "I Put a Spell on You" / "Little Demon" [OKeh 7072]
 * 1957 "You Made Me Love You" / "Darling, Please Forgive Me" [OKeh 7084]
 * 1957 "Frenzy" / "Person to Person" [OKeh 7087]
 * 1958 "Alligator Wine" / "There's Something Wrong with You" [OKeh 7101]
 * 1958 "Armpit #6" / "The Past" [Red Top 126]
 * 1962 "I Hear Voices" / "Just Don't Care" [Enrica 1010]
 * 1962 "Ashes" / "Nitty Gritty" w/ Shoutin' Pat (Newborn) [Chancellor 1117]
 * 1966 "Poor Folks" / "Your Kind of Love" [Providence 411]
 * 1970 "Do You Really Love Me" / "Constipation Blues" [Philips 40645]
 * 1973 "Monkberry Moon Delight" / "Sweet Ginny" [Queen Bee 1313]
 * 1990 The Art of Screamin' Jay Hawkins (Spivey)
 * 1993 "Heart Attack and Vine" / "I Put a Spell on You" / "On the Job" [Columbia 6591092]

Multi-artist samplers and budget compilations

 * 1962 Screamin' Jay Hawkins and Lillian Briggs (Coronet)
 * 1963 A Night at Forbidden City (Sounds of Hawaii)
 * 1988 Screamin' Jay Hawkins- I Put A Spell on You (Elvira Presents: Haunted Hits LP)
 * 1990 Screamin' Jay Hawkins- I Put A Spell On You (Elvira Presents: Haunted Hits CD Re-Release)
 * 1994 Screamin' Jay Hawkins- Little Demon (Elvira Presents: Monster Hits CD)
 * 1996 Screamin' Jay Hawkins – Frenzy (Songs in the Key of X – The X Files)

Filmography

 * American Hot Wax (as himself, 1978)
 * Joey (as himself, 1986)
 * Mystery Train (as Night Clerk, 1989)
 * A Rage in Harlem (as himself, 1991)
 * Two Moon Junction (as Blues Club Singer, 1992)
 * Perdita Durango, (1997)
 * Peut-être (as club singer, 1999)
 * Screamin' Jay Hawkins: I Put a Spell On Me (2001)