7th Fighter Squadron

The 7th Fighter Squadron (7 FS) is a United States Air Force unit, assigned to the 49th Operations Group. It is stationed at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. The 7th flies the F-22 Raptor air supremacy fighter.

Overview
The 7th Fighter Squadron "Screamin' Demons" maintain combat readiness to deploy worldwide in accordance with Secretary of Defense taskings. Operating the F-22A Raptor, the squadron provides unsurpassed air dominance in the world's most dangerous threat arenas.

The squadron's emblem is described as a "Bunyap, an Australian aboriginal death demon". The usual spelling is Bunyip.

World War II
The 7th Fighter Squadron origins date to 16 January 1941, when it was activated as Selfridge Field, Michigan as the 7th Pursuit Squadron. It was equipped with Seversky P-35s that were transferred from the 1st Pursuit Group that departed to Rockwell Field, California. In May 1941, the squadron proceeded to Morrison Field, West Palm Beach, Florida, to train in the the Curtiss P-40 fighter.

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, training was greatly accelerated to prepare the Squadron for combat duty. By 16 February 1942, the 7th found themselves at Bankstown Airfield, Sydney, Australia, as one of the first American aviation units in the Southwest Pacific, flying the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk. The first combat action with the Japanese happened on 14 March over Horn Island, Queensland off the Cape York Peninsula, Australia, with the 7th downing 5 Japanese Zeroes, taking no losses themselves. Until September 1942, the 7th would remain in Australia, engaged primarily in air defense. The 7th moved to join the other 2 squadrons of the 49th PG, in the defense of Darwin, Northern Territory, in April 1942. It then moved North to Schwimmer Airfield, Port Moresby, New Guinea, where its P-40s flew attack and air defense missions against Japanese fortifications. During this period, the squadron originally known as the "Screamin’ Demons," adopted their mascot and emblem, the Bunyap, an Australian aboriginal death demon. Even to this day, the Bunyap remains the squadron emblem.

During World War II, the 7th had 10 of its members earn Ace status, as each of them destroyed 5 or more enemy aircraft in aerial combat. The squadron continued to function effectively during WW II scoring 36 "Kills" in December 1944. By the end of the war, the Screamin’ Demons had achieved 178 "Kills."

The squadron participated in the Allied offensive that pushed the Japanese back along the Kokoda Track, took part in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943, fought for control of the approaches to Huon Gulf, and supported ground forces during the campaign in which the Allies eventually recovered New Guinea. It covered the landings on Noemfoor and had a part in. the conquest of Biak.

After having used Lockheed P-38 Lightnings, Curtiss P-40 Warhawks and Republic P-47 Thunderbolts, the squadron was equipped completely in September 1944 with P-38's, which were used to fly long-range escort and attack missions to Mindanao, Halmahera, Seram, and Borneo. The unit arrived in the Philippines in October 1944, shortly after the assault landings on Leyte and engaged enemy fighters, attacked shipping in Ormoc Bay, supported ground forces, and covered the Allied invasion of Luzon. For or intensive operations against the Japanese on Leyte, the group was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation.

Other missions from the Philippines included strikes against industry and transportation on Formosa and against shipping along the China coast. The end of the war in August 1945 found the 7th Fighter Squadron on Okinawa, preparing for the planned invasion of Japan in November. After the Japanese Capitulation, the squadron moved to the Japanese Home Islands, initially being stationed at the former Imperial Japanese Navy Atsugi Airfield, near Tokyo on 15 September 1945. It's war-weary P-38 Lightnings were sent back to the United States and the squadron was re-equipped with P-51D Mustangs with a mission of both occupation duty and show-of-force flights. In February 1946, the squadron was moved to Chitose AB, on northern Honshu and assumed an air defense mission over Honshu and also Hokkaido Island. The pilots of the squadron were briefed not to allow any Soviet Air Force aircraft over Japanese airspace, as there was tension between the United States and the Soviet Union about Soviet occupation forces landing on Hokkaido. In April 1948, the squadron moved to the newly-rebuilt Misawa AB when the host 49th Fighter Group took up home station responsibilities. At Misawa, the squadron moved into the jet age when it was re-equipped with the F-80C Shooting Star.

Korean War
With the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, the 7th was one of the first USAF squadrons dispatched to Korea from Japan, initially operating propeller-driven F-51Ds to cover the evacuation of civilians from Kimpo and Suwon. Next, it flew close air support missions to help slow the advancing North Korean armies. Later, it turned to the interdiction of enemy troops, supplies and communications from Misawa. However its short-range F-80Cs meant that the 49th had to move to South Korea in order for them to be effective. The squadron moved to Taegu AB (K-2) on 1 October 1950, becoming the first jet fighter outfit to operate from bases in South Korea. During the autumn of 1950 and spring of 1951, the squadron flew combat missions on a daily basis from Tageu, flying escort missions for B-29 Superfortresses over North Korea and engaging Communist MiG-15 fighters in air-to-air combat. When the Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) Intervention Campaign gained momentum in 1950–1951, the squadron again concentrated on the ground support mission, attacking Communist Chinese ground units in North Korea, moving south until the line was stabilized and held just south of Seoul.

The 49th changed equipment to the F-84G Thunderjet in mid-1951, It engaged Communist forces on the ground in support of the 1st UN Counteroffensive Campaign (1951). Afterwards, it engaged primarily in air interdiction operations against the main enemy channel of transportation, the roads and railroads between Pyongyang and Sinuiju. Also, it flew close air support missions for the ground forces and attacked high value targets, including the Sui-ho hydroelectric plants in June 1952 and the Kumgang Political School in October 1952. On 27 July 1953, the squadron joined with the 58th FBG to bomb Sunan Airfield for the final action of F-84 fighter-bombers during the Korean War.

The wing remained in Korea for a time after the armistice. It was reassigned to Japan in November 1953 and returned to its air defense mission. The squadron upgraded to the F-86F Sabre in 1956. By late 1957, however, Worldwide DOD Budget restrictions during FY 1958 meant that the 49th FBW would be inactivated as part of a reduction of the USAF units based in Japan.

United States Air Forces in Europe
Due to seniority, after the 49th's inactivation in Japan, the designation replaced the 388th Fighter-Bomber Wing at Etain-Rouvres Air Base, France on 10 December 1957 in a same-day, name-only transfer. The 7th FBS assumed the aircraft, personnel and equipment of the 561st Fighter-Bomber Squadron which was inactivated. As the 49th had been a part of American forces in the Pacific since it was sent to Australia in January 1942, the assignment to Europe after fifteen years in the Pacific was a major change for the organization. Taking over the seven F-100D Super Sabres and three dual-seat F-100F trainers of the 561st, the squadron continued its normal peacetime training. The squadron began keeping four of its planes on 15-minute alert (Victor Alert) on 1 February 1958 so a portion of the squadron could react quickly in an emergency. During the fall of 1958, most of the squadron operated from Chalon-Vatry Air Base while the runway at Etan was being repaired and resurfaced.

However, the nuclear-capable F-100 was troublesome to the host French Government, the French decreed that all United States nuclear weapons and delivery aircraft had to be removed from French soil by July 1958. As a result, the F-100's of the 49th FBW had to be removed from France. After negotiations with the French, the 49th's Wing commander was informed that the wing would be departing from France on 1 July 1959 and be moved to Spangdahlem AB, West Germany. During the relocation to West Germany, the squadron deployed to Wheelus Air Base, Libya, for gunnery training. However, not all squadron personnel moved to Spangdahlem, as many of the 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing personnel there were almost at the end of their tours and did not want to move to RAF Alconbury, where the 10th was being relocated to in order to accommodate the 49th. As a result, some squadron ground support personnel instead moved to RAF Lakenheath, England to backfill vacancies there, while the 10th TRW personnel at Spandahlem were allowed to finish out their assignments.

At Spangdahlem, the squadron flew F-100s until 1961 when it converted to the Republic F-105D/F Thunderchief, commonly known as the "Thud". The 49th TFW was only the third USAF unit to operate the F-105. As part of USAFE, the 7th participated in many NATO exercises. In February 1967, the 7th opened the 49th Weapons Training Detachment at Wheelus Air Base, Libya, to begin transition to the McDonnell Douglas F-4D Phantom II, and received it's first F-4D on 9 March 1967.

In the late 1960s, the Defense Budget began to be squeezed by the costs of the ongoing Vietnam War. Secretary of Defense Robert MacNamara decided to reduce costs in Europe by "Dual Basing" United States military units in Europe by returning them permanently to the United States, and conducting annual deployment exercises in Europe, giving the units a NATO commitment for deployment to bases in Europe if tensions with the Soviet Union warranted an immediate military buildup. The 49th Tactical Fighter Wing was returned to the United States under this policy, being reassigned on 1 July 1968 to Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, to serve as the US Air Force’s first dual-based, NATO-committed wing.

Holloman Air Force Base
At Holloman, the squadron participated in Tactical Air Command tactical exercises and firepower demonstrations to maintain combat readiness. Also, the first "Tail Codes" to identify squadron aircraft were applied, rather than the traditional blue colors of the 7th which had been used since the Korean War. Initially "HB" was the tail code identifier for the 7th, however, in 1972, the Air Force issued AFM 66-1 which specified wing tail codes and the squadron's planes were standardized on the 49th's "HO" tail code. However, a blue tail stripe was applied to identify squadron aircraft. The 7th also retained its NATO commitment to return once a year to its "dual base" home in West Germany. These deployments were known as "Crested Cap", and were as follows:
 * Spangdahlem AB, West Germany, 12 September-7 October 1970 (F-4D)
 * Ramstein AB, West Germany, 9 September-6 October 1971 (F-4D)
 * Bitburg AB, West Germany, 2 March-2 April 1973 (F-4D)
 * Bitburg AB, West Germany, 2 April-3 May 1974 (F-4D)
 * Bitburg AB, West Germany, 2 October-6 November 1975 (F-4D)
 * Ramstein AB, West Germany, 24 August-25 September 1976 (F-4D)
 * CFB Lahr, West Germany, 24 August-16 September 1981 (F-15A)
 * CFB Lahr, West Germany,26 August-25 September 1983 (F-15A)
 * Gilze-Rijen AB, Netherlands, 27 May-24 June 1986 (F-15A)
 * Gilze-Rijen AB, Netherlands, 12 June-9 July 1990 (F-15A)

With the end of the Cold War and subsequent force drawdowns by USAFE, these annual exercises ended in 1991.

Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base
On 4 May 1972, after North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, the entire wing, except for a rear echelon that remained to run Holloman, deployed at Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand. Operation Constant Guard III, ordered in response to the North Vietnamese invasion, was the largest movement that the Tactical Air Command (TAC) had ever performed. In nine days, the squadron deployed its F-4D Phantom IIs from Holloman to Takhli. Airmen arriving reported that Takhli was a mess, with missing or broken plumbing fixtures, no hot water, and no drinking water - that had to be trucked in from Korat every day. Bed frames had been thrown out of the hootches into the high snake-infested grass, and mattresses or bedding consisted of sleeping bags at best.

The 7th TFS flew combat sorties in South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos from 1 July – 24 September 1972 during Operation Linebacker, the bombardment campaign in North Vietnam. During this deployment, Operation Constant Guard, the squadron flew over just about every battle zone from An Loc to vital installations in the Hanoi vicinity. During five months of combat, the squadron did not lose any aircraft or personnel. The unit officially closed out its Southwest Asia duty 6 October 1972.

F-15A Eagle era
In October 1977, the 49th TFW ended its "dual-base" commitment to NATO and changed to an air superiority mission with the wing beginning a conversion from the F-4D Phantom II to the F-15A Eagle; the 49th being the second USAF operational wing to receive the F-15A. The transition was completed 4 June 1978. Due to the change in equipment, the annual NATO deployments were taken over by the 4th Tactical Fighter Wing, Seymour Johnson AFB, in 1978, however they resumed (although not on an annual basis) in 1981. In the United States, training missions was refocused on dissimilar air combat tactics for multi-theater operations, partipating in numerous Red Flags, Joint Training exercises, and deployments in the Air Defense/Superiority Mission. Frequent deployments were made to Nellis AFB, Nevada to exercise with the F-5E Tiger II "Agressor" aircraft of the 57th Fighter Weapons Wing, and other aircraft types (including clandestine exercises with Soviet aircraft flown by the 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron at Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada). Also, after TAC absorbed the interceptor mission of Aerospace Defense Command (ADTAC) in 1979, the Squadron maintained the TAC NORAD Air Defense Alert commitment in the Eagle, with the best scramble times in NORAD.

On 12 October 1989, the squadron was called into action once again. Several F-15A aircraft deployed to Howard AFB, Panama in support of Operation Just Cause. The purpose of this deployment was to support President Bush’s national drug control strategy. During this operation, General Manuel Noriega surrendered and was transported back to Homestead AFB, Florida where he was arraigned on federal drug trafficking charges. No combat sorties however, were flown in support of the removal of Noriega and the squadron returned to Holloman by the end of October.

With the introduction of the F-15C Eagle in the mid-1980s, the upgraded Eagle began replacing the F-15A/Bs in service with all of the USAF units that had previously been operating the Eagle with the exception of the 49th TFW. By the time of Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the F-15A Eagles at Holloman had been relegated to a training role; combat deployments of the Eagle were the purview of F-15C units.

F-117 Nighthawk era
In 1992, the 49th FW underwent a number of transitions. As a result of the end of the Cold War, reduced defense budgets were the order of the day. As a result, the 7th Fighter Squadron retired its F-15A Eagles and received the F-117A Nighthawk Stealth Fighters of the 37th Fighter Wing 415th Fighter Squadron, which was subsequently inactivated.

After conversion to the F-117A in May 1992, The 7th deployed fighters and their crews to Southwest Asia during the 1990s as part of Operation Southern Watch to support United Nations weapons inspectors in Iraq, to enforce the no-fly zone over the southern part of that country to deprive Saddam Hussein of his Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) programs and to force his compliance with the UN monitoring regime. 7th F-117s fighters deployed to the Gulf in 1998 during Operation Desert Fox to upgrade the strike force's capability to attack high-value targets. But the 18 hour flight from Holloman AFB to Kuwait meant that the operation was over before the F-117 aircraft arrived in the Gulf.

In June 1999 the 7th took over the pilot transition training mission (LIFT) to the F-117A and the T-38 Talon trainers, being re-designated as the 7th Combat Training Squadron. The 7th became the mainstay of developing combat capability for the F-117, with its T-38s providing both transition training as well as dissimilar air combat training as "aggressors" against the Nighthawk. The training mission with the stealth fighters continued until 2005 when it was announced by the Air Force that the Nighthawk would be retired in favor of the F-22A Raptor stealth superiority fighter. The 7th was inactivated on 15 December 2006 after 65 continuous years of active duty.

F-22A Raptor era
The inactivation of the 7th, however, was brief as it was re-activated on 15 May 2008 as the 7th Fighter Squadron, and equipped with the F-22A Raptor. The 7th, was the first of two F-22 squadrons to be activated at Holloman. The squadron was equipped with 18 F-22s transferred from the 3d Wing at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, the last aircraft being received in late 2009.

Since its re-activation, the 7th Fighter Squadron has deployed frequently to overseas locations in support of United States objectives.

In 2012, it was announced that the 7th Fighter Squadron was to move its hundreds of F-22 support personnel and aircraft to Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, in the spring of 2013 to comply with the Air Force's F-22 fleet consolidation plan. In return, the squadron was to receive F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft from Luke Air Force Base, Arizona as part of a training restructuring plan to move the F-16 Training School from Luke to Holloman. Luke AFB is scheduled to begin the F-35A Lightning II training mission in October 2005. In August 2013, it was announced however, that the United States Congress enacted a freeze on U.S. Air Force structure changes, including aircraft transfers. These moves are currently under review.

Lineage

 * Constituted as 7th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 20 Nov 1940
 * Activated on 15 Jan 1941
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine, on 20 Aug 1943
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron, Two Engine, on 6 Nov 1944
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine, on 8 Jan 1946
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron, Jet-Propelled, on 1 May 1948
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron, Jet, on 10 Aug 1948
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 1 Feb 1950
 * Re-designated: 7th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 8 Jul 1958
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron on 1 Nov 1991
 * Organized on 1 July 1993, absorbing assets of 415th Fighter Squadron (Inactivated)
 * Re-designated: 7th Combat Training Squadron on 17 Jun 1999
 * Re-designated: 7th Fighter Squadron on 22 Jul 2005
 * Inactivated on 15 Dec 2006


 * Re-Activated on 15 May 2008
 * Deployed elements designated as 7th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron when assigned to an Air Expeditionary Unit.

Assignments

 * 49th Pursuit (later, 49th Fighter; 49th Fighter-Bomber) Group, 15 Jan 1941
 * Attached to: 49th Fighter-Bomber Wing, 9 Jul-17 Aug 1950 and 7 Aug 1956-15 Apr 1957
 * Attached to: 4th Fighter-Day Wing, 15 Apr-10 Dec 1957


 * 49th Fighter-Bomber (later, 49th Tactical Fighter; 49 Fighter) Wing, 10 Dec 1957
 * Attached to: 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, 10 Sep-6 Oct 1971
 * Attached to: 86th Tactical Fighter Wing, 2 Mar-4 Apr 1973
 * Attached to: 36th Tactical Fighter Wing, 2 Apr-3 May 1974 and 4 Oct-6 Nov 1975
 * Attached to: 86th Tactical Fighter Wing, 23 Aug-25 Sep 1976


 * 49th Operations Group, 15 Nov 1991-15 Dec 2006, 15 May 2008-Present

Stations

 * Selfridge Field, Michigan, 15 Jan 1941
 * Morrison Field, Florida, c. 23 May 1941-4 Jan 1942
 * Essendon Airport, Melbourne, Australia, 2 Feb 1942
 * Bankstown Airfield, Australia, 16 Feb 1942
 * Batchelor Airfield, Australia, 9 Apr 1942
 * Schwimmer Airfield (14 Mile Drome), Port Moresby, New Guinea, 19 Sep 1942
 * Dobodura Airfield Complex, New Guinea, 15 Apr 1943
 * Gusap Airfield, New Guinea, 16 Nov 1943
 * Finschhafen Airfield, New Guinea, 27 Apr 1944
 * Hollandia Airfield Complex, New Guinea, 3 May 1944
 * Mokmer Airfield, Biak, Netherlands East Indies, 5 Jun 1944
 * Tacloban Airfield, Leyte, Philippines, 24 Oct 1944
 * McGuire Field, Mindoro, Philippines, 30 Dec 1944
 * Lingayen Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, c. 25 Feb 1945
 * Okinawa, 17 Aug 1945
 * Atsugi Airfield, Japan, 15 Sep 1945
 * Chitose AB, Japan, c. 20 Feb 1946
 * Misawa AB, Japan, 2 Apr 1948
 * Itazuke AB, Japan, 14 Aug 1950
 * Taegu AB (K-2), South Korea, 28 Sep 1950
 * Kunsan AB (K-8), South Korea, 1 Apr 1953
 * Itazuke AB, Japan, 2 Nov 1953
 * Misawa AB, Japan, 7 Aug 1956
 * Chitose AB, Japan, 1 Jul-10 Dec 1957
 * Étain-Rouvres AB, France, 10 Dec 1957
 * Spangdahlem AB, West Germany, 25 Aug 1959-15 Jul 1968
 * Holloman AFB, New Mexico, 15 Jul 1968-15 Dec 2006
 * Deployed to: Ramstein AB, West Germany, 10 Sep-6 Oct 1971 and 2 Mar-4 Apr 1973
 * Deployed to: Takhli RTAFB, Thailand, 11 May-12 Aug 1972
 * Deployed to: Bitburg AB, West Germany, 2 Apr-3 May 1974 and 4 Oct-6 Nov 1975
 * Deployed to: Ramstein AB, West Germany, 23 Aug-25 Sep 1976


 * Holloman AFB, New Mexico, 15 May 2008 – Present

Aircraft

 * Seversky P-35, 1941
 * P-40 Warhawk, 1942-1944
 * P-47D Thunderbolt, 1943-1944
 * P-38 Lightning, 1944-1946
 * P-51D Mustang, 1946-1949
 * F-80C Shooting Star, 1949-1951
 * F-84G Thunderjet, 1951-1956
 * F-86F Sabre, 1956-1957


 * F-100D Super Sabre, 1957-1962
 * F-105 Thunderchief, 1962-1966
 * F-4D Phantom II, 1967-1977
 * F-15A/B Eagle, 1977-1993
 * F-117A Nighthawk, 1993-2008
 * AT-38 Talon, 1999-2008
 * F-22A Raptor, 2008–Present