Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal

The Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, initially designated the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service Medal, was instituted in 1908. It could be awarded to part-time ratings in the United Kingdom's Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve after twelve years of service and good conduct. The medal was a Naval version of the Volunteer Long Service Medal and its successor, the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal.

The medal could also be awarded to part-time ratings in the Naval Volunteer Reserves of Dominion and Colonial Auxiliary Forces throughout the British Empire.

Award of the medal was discontinued in the United Kingdom in 1966 when the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, composed of civilian volunteers, was merged with the Royal Naval Reserve, composed of Merchant Navy seamen. It was superseded by its identical sister medal, the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.

The New Zealand version, the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, is still being awarded.

Origins
The Volunteer Long Service Medal was instituted in 1894 as an award for long service by other ranks of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. In 1896 the grant of the medal was extended by Royal Warrant to other ranks of the Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and a separate new medal was instituted, the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies.

In 1899 the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies was superseded by the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal, for award to part-time members of all ranks in recognition of long service in any of the organized military forces of the Dominion of Canada and the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates.

In 1908 the Volunteer Long Service Medal was superseded in the United Kingdom by the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal. In the same year a pair of distinctive Naval medals were instituted, specifically to reward long and meritorious service by part-time ratings of the Royal Naval Reserve, composed of Merchant Navy seamen, and the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, composed of civilian volunteers.

Institution
The Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service Medal was instituted in 1908 as a long service award for part-time ratings of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Colonies and India. At some point between 1936 and 1941 the title of the medal was changed to Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. It was one of a pair of Naval long service medals that were instituted simultaneously, the other being the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal that had different time-served requirements.

The two medals are identical and can only be identified by the reserve branch abbreviation impressed on the rim after the recipient's details, "R.N.R." on the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and "R.N.V.R." on the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. Both were initially hung from the same all-green ribbon inherited from the Volunteer Long Service Medal, until a new ribbon was introduced for the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in 1919.

When a third identical medal, the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, impressed "R.N.A.S.B.R.", was added to the group in 1919, a clasp to recognise further periods of long service in respect of all three medals was authorised in an Admiralty Fleet Order. This was followed in 1942 by the approval of a ribbon bar rosette, to denote the award of a clasp when ribbons alone are worn.

The medal was also awarded by several countries in the British Empire.
 * South Africa adopted the medal in 1915, two years after the South African Division of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve was established on 1 July 1913.
 * New Zealand adopted it in 1925 when the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (New Zealand) was established.
 * Canada adopted it as the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in 1938, when the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve was established.

Award criteria
The medal could be awarded to part-time Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve ratings after twelve years of efficient service, not necessarily continuous. Wartime service counted as double time for the purpose of reckoning eligibility for the medal. The clasp to the medal could be awarded for a second twelve-year qualifying period of service.

Order of wear
In the order of wear prescribed by the British Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal takes precedence after the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and before the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.

Description
The medal was struck in silver and is a disk, 36 mm in diameter, with a raised rim on each side. It is suspended from a straight silver bar, swivelling on some versions and, on all but the second Queen Elizabeth II version, affixed to the medal by means of a single-toe claw and a pin through the upper edge of the medal.

The obverse bears the effigy of the reigning monarch. Seven versions of the medal have been awarded.
 * Obverse
 * The original King Edward VII version of 1908 has his effigy in the uniform of the Admiral of the Fleet and is circumscribed "EDWARDVS VII REX IMPERATOR". The initials "De S" below the epaulette on the King's left shoulder are those of the engraver, British medallist George William de Saulles.
 * The first King George V version, introduced after his succession to the throne in 1910, shows him in the uniform of the Admiral of the Fleet and is circumscribed "GEOGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:". The initials "BM" at the bottom of the effigy are those of the designer of the obverse, Sir Bertram Mackennal KCVO, an Australian sculptor.
 * The second King George V version, introduced in 1931, has the King's coinage type effigy. It is also circumscribed "GEOGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:". The initials "BM" on the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse, Sir Bertram Mackennal.
 * The first King George VI version, introduced after his succession to the throne in 1936, has his coinage type effigy and is circumscribed "GEORGIVS VI D: G: BR: OMN: REX F: D: IND: IMP." The initials "HP" below the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse of the medal, Thomas Humphrey Paget, an English medal and coin designer. Only this version of the medal was awarded in Canada.
 * The second King George VI version was introduced in 1949, after his title was changed from Emperor of India to Monarch of India and reference to India was omitted from the medal inscription. This version has the same effigy as the first, but is circumscribed "GEORGIVS VI D: G: BRITT: OMN: REX FID: DEF:".
 * The first Queen Elizabeth II version was introduced after her succession to the throne in 1952. It has her coinage type effigy and is circumscribed "ELIZABETH II DEI GRA: BRITT: OMN: REGINA F: D:", reading around from a cross at the top. The effigy was designed by Mary Gillick OBE and was also used on general-circulation coinage for the United Kingdom from 1953, as well as in cameo form on British commemorative postage stamps since 1966.
 * The second Queen Elizabeth II version was introduced after her coronation in 1953. This version has the same effigy as the first, but is circumscribed "ELIZABETH•II•DEI•GRATIA•REGINA•F: D:", reading around from a cross at the top. Unlike all the earlier versions of the medal, the suspension mount of this version was struck in one piece with the medal.

The reverse depicts a starboard broadside view of HMS Dreadnought, the Royal Navy battleship that entered service in 1906. It is inscribed "DIUTURNE FIDELIS" ("Faithful Over Time" or "For long and faithful service") underneath. The design was by British sculptor Ernest George Gillick ARA, whose wife designed the obverse of the two Queen Elizabeth II versions of the medal.
 * Reverse

The clasp, decorated in a leaf pattern, was struck in silver and designed to be attached to the medal suspension.
 * Clasp

Two ribbons were used with the medal.
 * Ribbons
 * The original ribbon was 32 millimetres wide and dark green. It is identical to the ribbon of the Volunteer Long Service Medal.
 * A new ribbon was introduced in 1919, 32 millimetres wide with a 7 millimetres wide Navy blue band and a 3 millimetres wide dark red band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 12 millimetres wide dark green band. The ribbon colours are symbolic, with blue representing the sea, red the Royal crimson and green the original Volunteer Long Service Medal ribbon's colour.

Discontinuation
In the United Kingdom and some countries of the Commonwealth, the medal was gradually superseded by new medals.
 * On 1 January 1946 Canada was the first to discontinue the award of the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, upon the amalgamation of the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve and the Royal Canadian Navy Reserve. The medal was superseded by the Royal Canadian Navy (Reserve) Medal.
 * In South Africa, the medal was superseded on 6 April 1952 by the John Chard Medal, which could be awarded to all ranks of the Citizen Force in all Arms of the Service for twelve years of efficient service and good conduct.
 * In the United Kingdom, the medal and its equivalent award for part-time volunteer Naval officers, the Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, were discontinued in 1966 when the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve was merged with the Royal Naval Reserve. The medal was superseded by its identical sister medal, the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, which could be awarded after fifteen years of efficient service.

New Zealand continues to award the medal as the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, instituted by Royal Warrant of 6 May 1985, for fifteen years of accumulated service during which the rating must have been rated as efficient in at least twelve. The clasp can be awarded for each additional ten years of qualifying service.