Dépôt de la Guerre

The Dépôt de la Guerre was France's military archive and cartography department, set up in 1688 under Louis XIV and expanded during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

History
Established by François Michel Le Tellier de Louvois, it was put in charge of gathering, conserving, engraving and publishing historical archives, military memoirs, maps and plans and all topographic activity. In the 18th century lieutenant-general Vault played a notable part in the Dépôt's work.

Effectively dissolved during the early years of the French Revolution thanks to a decision by the Constituent Assembly to suppress the military geographical-engineers corps, it was reestablished by Étienne Nicolas de Calon between April 1793 and May 1797 , under the new name Dépôt général de la Guerre et de la Géographie (in full, Dépôt général de la Guerre de terre et de mer et de la Géographie) - this underlined the military importance of creating maps and keeping them up to date. However, the staff provided for it were insufficient for its initial ambitions - a large part of its personnel shifted to the Bureau des longitudes and the Service hydrologique de la Marine.

Pierre Dupont de l'Étang was briefly put in charge of the Dépôt from May to September 1797, followed by Jean Ernouf from September 1797 to October 1798 and Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier until December 1799. Under the First French Empire it was headed by Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke from December 1799 to September 1800, Antoine François Andréossy from August 1802 to May 1803, Nicolas Antoine Sanson from June 1803 to June 1805. It flourished during this period, employing 90 geographical engineers and a huge archive of documents, mapping the Cisalpine Republic, Liguria and the newly-annexed Cisrhenian Republic among others. The corps of engineer geographers was definitively recreated in January 1909.

Réorganisé en 1814, puis en 1823, il est supprimé en 1887, où il est scindé en deux organismes distincts :
 * le Service géographique de l'armée (SGA), devenu en 1940 l'Institut géographique national (IGN) ;
 * le service historique de l'armée (SHA), ultérieurement service historique de l'armée de terre (SHAT), actuel Service historique de la défense (SHD).

Les archives du Dépôt de la Guerre sont consultables au SHD, site Château de Vincennes, Avenue de Paris à Vincennes.