Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military

Conduct Unbecoming: Lesbians and Gays in the US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf War was a non-fiction book by Randy Shilts (And the Band Played On), published in 1993 shortly before Shilts' 1994 death.

The book traces the participation of gay and lesbian personnel from the Revolutionary War to the late 20th century.

In 1994, Clinton Fein's ApolloMedia, with the blessing of Shilts, purchased the electronic rights from St. Martin's Press, and in January 1995 released Conduct Unbecoming, the first ever CD-ROM to tackle social issues by providing technological tools. Conduct Unbecoming pioneered digital activism through its 'e-post' feature - the first ever technology allowing the user to communicate with their elected representatives electronically.

The controversial subject matter dealing with gays in the United States military provoked the United States Navy to threaten a First Amendment lawsuit—the first time a court would be required to determine whether First Amendment protections afforded to traditional media applied to electronic publishing as well.

Days before the release of Conduct Unbecoming, the Navy attempted to bar the use of a 1972 recruiting poster featuring the first African American used in a Navy recruiting campaign. Servicemember Boyd Ed Graves had been honorably discharged from the Navy in 1977 after allegations of fraternization disclosed he was gay. ApolloMedia refused to pull the image.

Following high profile press attention ApolloMedia announced its intent to defy, the Navy obliged and withdrew their initial threats.

ApolloMedia, represented by Michael Traynor at Cooley Godward, effectively established the de facto acknowledgement that First Amendment protections must be extended to CD-ROM publishers.

The book was well received in a review in the Los Angeles Times which described it as "gripping reading" and "an irrefutable indictment of unconscionable government behavior in a cause that the military seems still unable to explain". The CD-ROM version did not get such positive coverage, with The Advocate saying that "this well-intentioned multimedia rendition of an important book just doesn't pass muster".