Bartel BM-5

The Bartel BM-5 was a Polish biplane advanced trainer used from 1930 to 1939 by the Polish Air Force, manufactured in the Samolot factory in Poznań.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed by Ryszard Bartel in Samolot factory in Poznań, as an advanced trainer, transitory between primary trainers and bomber or reconnaissance aircraft. Bartel had worked since 1926 on his BM-3 advanced trainer design, the preliminary design for which won a military contest, but in the meantime he developed a quite successful primary trainer Bartel BM-4 and then decided to model the advanced trainer upon that plane, to obtain better durability. The result was the BM-5 design. The BM-5 prototype was built in 1928 and flown on 27 July that year in Poznań. It had good handling, high stability and spin resistance, which made it a suitable trainer for larger aircraft. A distinguishing feature of all Bartels was an upper wing of a shorter span, because lower and upper wing halves were interchangeable (i.e. the lower wingspan included the width of the fuselage).

The first prototype was designated BM-5a and was fitted with a 220 hp Austro-Daimler inline engine. The second prototype, flown on 15 April 1929, was designated BM-5b and was fitted with a 230 hp SPA-6A inline engine, then was refitted in August with a 320 hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb V-engine and redesignated BM-5c (it was meant to utilize engine stores from the Bristol F.2 Fighter). Next 20 aircraft of each type were built: BM-5a, BM-5b and BM-5c.

A disadvantage of most BM-5s were old and faulty engines. From all the variants the BM-5a variant was the heaviest and had the worst performance. For that reason in 1935 one BM-5 was fitted at the PZL works with a 240 hp Wright Whirlwind J-5 radial engine, produced in Poland (in Polish Skoda Works, then Avia). This variant was designated the BM-5d and 20 of BM-5a and BM-5b were next converted to BM-5d.

Operational history
BM-5s were used in the Polish Air Force for training from 1930, in a central pilots' school in Dęblin. 5 BM-5c's were used in Naval Air Unit (MDLot) in Puck. Most were written off in the second half of 1930s and replaced with the PWS-26. Some survived until the German invasion of Poland in September 1939. None survived the war.

Operators

 * Polish Air Force
 * Polish Air Force

Description
Wooden construction biplane. Fuselage rectangular in cross-section, plywood covered (engine section - aluminum covered). Rectangular two-spar wings, plywood and canvas covered. Crew of two, sitting in tandem in open cockpits, with individual windshields and twin controls, instructor in rear cockpit. Fixed landing gear, with a rear skid. Engine in front, with a water radiator below fuselage nose (BM-4a,b,c). Two-blade wooden propeller. Fuel tanks in upper wings and fuselage, capacity: 235-270 l.

Engines used:
 * BM-5a: Austro-Daimler 6-cylinder straight engine, water-cooled, 220 hp nominal power
 * BM-5b: SPA-6A 6-cylinder straight engine, water-cooled, 230 hp take-off power, 220 hp nominal power
 * BM-5c: Hispano-Suiza 8Fb 8-cylinder V-engine, water-cooled, 320 hp take-off power, 300 hp nominal power
 * BM-5d: Wright Whirlwind J-5 9-cylinder radial engine, 240 hp take-off power, 220 hp nominal power