Italian monitor Faà di Bruno

Faà di Bruno was an Italian monitor built during World War I. Although called a monitor, Faà di Bruno was more of a self-propelled barge with a bow welded on. She was decommissioned in 1924, but returned to service as the floating battery GM 194 at the beginning of World War II. She was towed to Genoa and spent the rest of the war there. She was captured by Germans and entered Kriegsmarine as monitor Biber. She was surrendered in May 1945 and scrapped after WW2.

Development and description
Faà di Bruno was built when Cannone navali da 381/40 guns from the s became available after their construction was suspended in 1916. Her guns were built by Ansaldo-Schneider and originally destined for the ITALIAN BATTLESHIP Cristoforo Colombo. Her navigation bridge was placed on a prominent tripod abaft the turret. She displaced 2584 LT, with a length between perpendiculars of 55.56 m, a beam of 27 m and a draft of 2.24 m. Faà di Bruno was powered by two surplus Thornycroft vertical triple-expansion steam engines from discarded torpedo boats. One Kess boilers provided enough steam to power a total of 465 ihp between them. On sea trials the ship reached a maximum speed of 3.31 kn, but her maximum speed in regular service was about 2.5 kn.

Her hull was surrounded by a concrete cofferdam 2.9 m thick. Her deck armor had a thickness of 40 mm. It sloped down from the center and had a peak of 7 ft. Her guns were mounted in an open-topped turret covered in a curious-looking armored dome. The turret sides had a total thickness of 110 mm and its barbette had armor 60 mm thick.

Her main guns could elevate 15° and her turret could traverse 30° to either side. They fired an 884 kg armor-piercing shell at a muzzle velocity of 700 m/s to a range of 27300 m at maximum elevation. She was fitted with four 76.2 mm 40-caliber Ansaldo anti-aircraft guns. They fired a 6.5 kg high explosive shell at a muzzle velocity of 680 m/s to a range of 10000 m at a rate of fifteen rounds per minute. She also mounted two water-cooled 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni 1915/1917 light AA guns. Their shells were set to self-destruct at a range of 4475 yd.

Service
Faà di Bruno was laid down on 10 October 1915, even before the battleships were officially suspended, by the Venice Naval Yard to a design by Rear Admiral Giuseppe Rota. The ship was launched on 30 January 1916 and commissioned on 1 April 1917. Her first action came during the 11th Battle of the Isonzo in August 1917. She, in company with the Italian monitor ITALIAN MONITOR Alfredo Cappellini and the British monitors HMS Earl of Peterborough and HMS Sir Thomas Picton, bombarded Austrian positions with little noticeable effect. She was driven ashore in a storm in November 1917, but was not salvaged for almost a full year.

She was stricken from the Navy List on 13 November 1924, but was placed back into service at the beginning of World War II as the floating battery GM 194. She was towed from Venice to Genoa, where she remained for the rest of the war. When the British bombarded Genoa on 9 February 1941 she could not return fire because one of the first British shells damaged the cables that provided electrical power to her guns. She was captured by Germans after Italian capitulation and entered Kriegsmarine as monitor Biber, receiving extensive modification that increased ship length from 56 to 130m. She was surrendered in May 1945 and scrapped after WW2.