Type 645 oceanographic research ship

Type 645 oceanographic research ship is an oceanographic ship developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) and other Chinese civilian establishments. A total of three were completed, with one in PLAN and the rest in civilian service.

Type 645 was an experimental program of the Fourth five-year plan of China and designed by the 2nd Directorate of 708th Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, which is also more commonly known as China Shipbuilding and Oceanic Engineering Design Academy (中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究) nowadays. Construction begun in October 1977 and the ship was launched in October 1978, entering service with PLAN in December 1978. There are a total of twelve laboratories on board totaling 257 square meters. Deployment proved that the design was successful, and two more units were built for civilian use, named as Xiangyanghong (向阳红, meaning facing the sun in red in Chinese) 14 and Xiangyanghong 16 respectively. However, on May 2, 1993, Xiangyanghong 16 was rammed and sunk by a Cypriot cargo ship more than nine time of its size (38000 ton) in East China Sea, with lost of three crew members. The hull of Type 645 is used for Type 813 spy ship. The name of the unit in PLAN service is Nan-Diao (南调) 350, meaning South Investigate 350. In 2006, the ship went through a 11-month long refit to be converted by Shanghai Lifeng Shipyard (上海立丰船厂) of China Shipping Group at Shanghai as the mother ship of Jiaolong (submersible). After conversion, the name of the ship was reverted back to its original name Xiangyanghong 9 (向阳红, meaning Facing the Sun in Red). Some oceanographic research capability is retained after the conversion in that three laboratories were retained onboard. The homeport of Xiangyanghong 9 is in Qingdao. Two additional ships, Xiangyanghong 14 and Xiangyanghong 16 were also built but both went to civilian service, and latter sunk on May 2, 1993 after being hit by a 38000-ton Cypriot LNG carrier near Jeju Island. Specification:
 * Length (m): 112.05
 * Length between perpendiculars (m): 97.55
 * Depth (m): 8.2
 * Width (m): 15.2
 * Draft (m): 5.5
 * Displacement (t): 4435
 * Speed (kt): 19.35
 * Range (nm): 10000 @ 17 kt
 * Endurance (day): 60
 * Crew: 150
 * Main propulsion: two 9ESDZ43/82B low speed diesel engines @ 3308 kW (4500 hp) w/ 200 rpm
 * Auxiliary propulsion: four 6260GZC-II, TFH-400/10 @ 70 kW (640 hp) w/ 600 rpm