1st Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

"1st (Guards) Brigade" redirects here. For a similarly designated formation, see 1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom).

1st (Guards) Brigade 1st Brigade 1st Infantry Brigade (Guards) 1st Infantry Brigade 1st Mechanized Brigade 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade
Insignia of the 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade.
Active	1899–present day
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	British Army
Type	Armoured Infantry, Mechanized Infantry, Light Infantry
Size	Brigade
Part of	3rd (United Kingdom) Division
Garrison/HQ	Delhi Barracks, Tidworth Camp
Engagements	First World War Battle of Mons First Battle of the Marne First Battle of the Aisne First Battle of Ypres Battle of Aubers Ridge Battle of Loos Battle of the Somme (1916) Battle of Pozières Third Battle of Ypres Battle of Épehy Second World War Battle of France Fondouk El Kourzia Tunis Battle of Monte Cassino Liri Valley
Commanders
Current commander	Brigadier Samuel L. Humphris

The 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade is an infantry brigade of the British Army with a long history including service during both World War I and World War II. It is based at Tidworth Camp. Previously, it has been designated 1st (Guards) Brigade, 1st Infantry Brigade, 1st Mechanised Brigade (from the 1990s), and under the initial Army 2020 reforms assumed the title of 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade.

Early history

Following the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, the army was restructured and the 1st Guards Brigade was established permanently as part of the 1st Division in the 1st Army Corps, stationed at Aldershot Garrison.

First World War

Initially designated as the 1st (Guards) Brigade, the brigade was part of 1st Division during the First World War. Upon creation of the Guards Division in August 1915, the brigade lost 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards and 1st Battalion, Scots Guards, both to 2nd Guards Brigade, and was redesignated without the Guards reference in its title as the 1st Brigade. It was with the 1st Division on the Western Front throughout the war. It saw action at the Battle of Mons and subsequent Great Retreat, the First Battle of the Marne, the First Battle of the Aisne, the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of Loos, the Battle of Aubers Ridge, the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Battle of Pozières and the Battle of Épehy, part of the final Hundred Days Offensive, which broke the back of the German Army, leading to an Armistice.

Order of battle

The brigade was composed as follows during the war:

• 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards (until August 1915)
• 1st Battalion, Scots Guards (until August 1915)
• 1st Battalion, Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)
• 2nd Battalion, Royal Munster Fusiliers (until August 1914)
• 1st Battalion, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders (from September 1914)
• 1/14th Battalion, London Regiment (from November 1914, left February 1916)
• 10th (Service) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (from August 1915, disbanded February 1918)
• 8th (Service) Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment (from August 1915, left February 1918)
• 1st Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 26 January 1916, moved to 1st Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 28 February 1918)
• 1st Trench Mortar Battery (formed 27 November 1915)
• 1st Battalion, Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) (from February 1918)

Second World War

Remaining active during the interwar period as the 1st (Guards) Brigade, the brigade, still part of the 1st Infantry Division, was sent to France in September 1939 during World War II as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and it later took part in the Battle of France in May–June 1940 and the subsequent Battle of Dunkirk and were evacuated to England, spending the next few years on home defence anticipating a German invasion of England.

HM The King reviews the 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards at Bachy, France, December 1939.

On 11 April 1942, the brigade was redesignated and reorganised as 1st Independent Brigade Group (Guards), with its own support units, until August when it was transferred to the 78th Infantry Division. In late 1942, it took part in the North African Campaign in Operation Torch: the Allied landings in French North Africa, arriving in Algiers in November 1942.

The brigade participated in the Run for Tunis and was transferred to the 6th Armoured Division in early 1943 and saw action in the Tunisia Campaign at the Battle of Fondouk, Battle of El Kourzia and Battle of Tunis in April and May 1943. Subsequently, the 1st (Guards) Brigade served on the Italian Front for the rest of the war under command of various divisions, seeing action in the Battle of Monte Cassino (where the brigade played a holding "hinge" role during Operation Diadem) and the Battle of Liri Valley in May 1944. The brigade then fought on the Gothic Line and in the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy.

Order of battle

The 1st (Guards) Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:

• 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards
• 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards
• 2nd Battalion, Hampshire Regiment (until 1 June 1941, rejoined 10 September 1941 until 25 November 1942, rejoined 18 February 1943, left finally 22 February 1943)
• 1st Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (disbanded 31 December 1940)
• 8th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (from 25 December 1942 until 16 February 1943)
• 3rd Battalion, Welsh Guards (from 1 March 1943)
• 1st Battalion, Welch Regiment (from 9 March 1945 until 29 June 1945)

Between 11 April 1942 and 7 August 1942 the following units formed the 1st Independent Brigade Group (Guards):

• 8th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
• 1st Independent Brigade Group Machine Gun Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
• 1st Independent Brigade Group Reconnaissance Company, Reconnaissance Corps
• 17th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
• 204th (Oban) Anti-tank Battery, Royal Artillery (from 11 April to 7 August 1942)
• 136th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, Royal Artillery
• 214th Field Company, Royal Engineers
• 1st Independent Brigade Group Company, Royal Army Service Corps
• 152nd Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps
• 1st Independent Brigade Group Ordnance Company, Royal Army Service Corps

Postwar

After the War, the brigade, having lost its 'Guards' title, was transferred to Palestine for internal security duties and then to Egypt for a few months before going back to Palestine in April 1946. Two years later, as the British mandate over Palestine ended, the brigade and division returned to Egypt. In October 1951, British forces pulled out of Egypt outside of the Suez Canal Zone, and later the brigade returned to the United Kingdom, though it was in Cyprus during the EOKA insurgency for a period in 1957–8. In 1968 the dispatch of the entire 3rd Infantry Division began to be planned, as part of the United Kingdom Mobile Force, to reinforce Allied Land Forces Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland (LANDJUT). By the mid-1980s the British Army force earmarked as part of the UKMF to reinforce LANDJUT had shrunk to the 1st Infantry Brigade, as it had become.

In 1984-85 the brigade was subordinate to South West District. It consisted of the brigade headquarters, at Jellalabad Barracks, Tidworth; 1st Battalion, the Gloucestershire Regiment, at Lucknow Barracks; 3rd Battalion, The Light Infantry, at Aliwal Barracks; 1st Battalion, The Royal Green Jackets, at Mooltan Barracks, Tidworth, though it was seemingly actually in the Falklands; an armoured regiment, the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, at Bhurtpore Barracks, Tidworth; a reconnaissance regiment, the 16th/5th Queen's Royal Lancers, at Assaye Barracks; 26 Field Regiment Royal Artillery, at Baker Barracks on Thorney Island (West Sussex); 22nd Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers at Swinton Barracks on Perham Down; and No. 656 Squadron AAC at Netheravon Airfield.

After the end of the Cold War, the brigade was reassigned to the new 3rd (UK) Division and subsequently became a Mechanised Brigade. In 1996, it was deployed to the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, with Multi-National Division (South-West); in 2000, it was deployed to Sierra Leone and, in 2002, to Kosovo.

The brigade was deployed to Afghanistan as part of Operation Herrick XVIII. It was deployed again in 2014, commanded by Brigadier Rupert Jones.

Current formation

Under Army 2020, it was renamed as 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade and remained at Tidworth Camp, forming part of the Reaction Force. A parliamentary reply stated that the 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade will form up as a Strike Brigade by 2021.

The Brigade consists of the following units:

• 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade Headquarters, at Delhi Barracks, Tidworth Garrison
  • Strike Experimentation Group, Warminster (A Parliamentary reply states the Strike Experimentation Group falls under the headquarters of 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade)
• Royal Lancers (Queen Elizabeth's Own), at Cambrai Lines, Catterick Garrison (Armoured Reconnaissance in light tanks, to convert to Ajax (Recon/Strike Variant))
• Royal Dragoon Guards, at Battlesbury Barracks, Warminster (Armoured Reconnaissance in light tanks, to convert to Ajax (Recon/Strike Variant))
• 1st Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment, at Battlesbury Barracks, Warminster (Armoured Infantry, to convert to Mechanised Infantry equipped with the MIV (Mechanised Infantry Vehicle))
• 3rd Battalion, The Rifles, at Redford Barracks, Edinburgh (Mechanised Infantry, to be equipped with the MIV (Mechanised Infantry Vehicle))

Brigade Commanders

The following officers commanded the brigade during the Second World War:

• Brigadier M.B. Beckwith-Smith (until 31 May 1940, again from 3 June 1940 until 14 July 1940)
• Lieutenant Colonel L. Bootle-Wilbraham (acting, from 31 May 1940 until 3 June 1940)
• Brigadier F.A.V. Copland-Griffiths (from 14 July 1940 until 14 April 1943)
• Brigadier S.A. Forster (from 14 April 1943 until 24 July 1943)
• Brigadier P.G.S. Gregson-Ellis (from 24 July 1943 until 18 January 1944)
• Lieutenant Colonel A.G.W. Heber-Percy (acting, from 18 January 1944 until 3 February 1944)
• Brigadier J.C. Haydon (from 3 February 1944 until 29 July 1944)
• Brigadier C.A.M.D. Scott (from 29 July 1944 until 21 January 1945, again from 13 February 1945 until 11 March 1945)
• Lieutenant Colonel E.J.B. Nelson (acting, from 21 January 1945 until 13 February 1945)
• Brigadier G.L. Verney (from 11 March 1945)

Recent commanders have included:

• 1946–1947 Brigadier JNR Moore
• 1947–1949 Brigadier GF Johnson
• 1952–1954 Brigadier GC Gordon-Lennox
• 1997–1999 Brigadier J McColl
• 1999–2000 Brigadier JP Riley
• 2001–2002 Brigadier S Mayall
• 2012–2014 Brigadier RTH Jones
• 2014–2016 Brigadier Bill Wright
• 2016 – 2018 Brigadier Zac Stenning
• 2018 - 2020 present Brigadier James Martin
• 2020 - Brigadier Samuel L. Humphris

Sources

• Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.

External links

• 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade
• Battle and Unit History Site
• 1 Infantry Brigade (Guards) at Orders of Battle.com