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2017 North Korea crisis

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2017 North Korea crisis
Part of Korean conflict and post-armistice Korean War battles
Kim Jong-un's order for first test of Hwasong 14
Kim Jong-un's order for the first test of Hwasong-14
DateApril 8, 2017 – present (7 years, 1 week and 4 days)
LocationKorean Peninsula
Sea of Japan
North Pacific Ocean
Status Ongoing
Parties involved in the crisis
Flag of North Korea North Korea Flag of South Korea South Korea
Flag of Japan Japan
United States
Flag of Australia Australia
Commanders and leaders
North Korea Kim Jong-un South Korea Moon Jae-in
Japan Shinzō Abe
United States Donald Trump
Australia Malcolm Turnbull[1][2]
Australia Jacinda Ardern

In 2017, North Korea conducted a series of missile and nuclear tests that demonstrated the country's ability to launch ballistic missiles beyond its immediate region and suggested that North Korea's nuclear weapons capability was developing at a faster rate than had been assessed by the U.S. intelligence community.[3][4][5] This, coupled with a regular joint U.S.–South Korea military exercise undertaken in August 2017 as well as U.S. retaliatory threats, raised international tensions in the region and beyond.[6]

Background[]

See also: Korean War, Korean Armistice Agreement, and North Korea–South Korea relations
Further information: Surrender of Japan and Division of Korea

North Korea's nuclear weapons program[]

See also: North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
0957 - Nordkorea 2015 - Pjöngjang - Parade zum 75

Military parade in Pyongyang

In his New Year's Day speech on January 2, 2017, Kim Jong-un, the leader of North Korea, said that the country was in the "last stage" of preparations to test-fire an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).[7]

On May 3, North Korea issued a rare and harshly worded criticism of its chief ally, China, stating that "One must clearly understand that the D.P.R.K.'s line of access to nukes for the existence and development of the country can neither be changed nor shaken[...] And that the D.P.R.K. will never beg for the maintenance of friendship with China, risking its nuclear program which is as precious as its own life, no matter how valuable the friendship is... China should no longer try to test the limits of the D.P.R.K.'s patience[...] China had better ponder over the grave consequences to be entailed by its reckless act of chopping down the pillar of the D.P.R.K.-China relations." The harsh commentary also accused the Chinese media (which is tightly controlled by the government) of dancing to the tune of the U.S.[8]

In early August 2017, The Washington Post reported an assessment, made by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency in July 2017, which said that North Korea had successfully developed nuclear warheads for missiles capable of reaching the U.S. mainland (a miniaturized nuclear warhead that can fit inside its missiles).[4]

Sanctions on North Korea; trade with China[]

See also: Sanctions against North Korea, UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea, China–North Korea relations, and Juche

Since North Korea's first nuclear test in 2006, the UN Security Council had passed a number of resolutions that imposed various sanctions on the DPRK, including restrictions on economic activity. Nevertheless, North Korea's gross domestic product grew by an estimated 3.9 percent in 2016, to about $28.5 billion, the fastest pace in 17 years; the progress was largely attributed to continued trade with China, which accounted for more than 90% of North Korea's international trade.[9][10]

In late February 2017, following North Korea's February 12 test of the Pukguksong-2 medium-range ballistic missile, China, which regards its trade with North Korea and the putative missile threat to the U.S. as separate issues,[11] said it would comply with UN Resolution 2321[12] and halt all coal imports (North Korea's main export) from North Korea.[13] The halt notwithstanding, in April 2017, China said that its trade with North Korean had expanded.[14] In July 2017, China's trade with North Korea, while the ban on North Korean coal was said to have slowed imports from the DPRK, was worth $456 million, up from $426 million in July 2016, the year-to-date trade being up 10.2 percent at $3.01 billion.[15]

China has been opposed to secondary sanctions that may be imposed on Chinese firms that do business with North Korea.[14][16]

Imprisonment of U.S. citizens[]

See also: List of foreign nationals detained in North Korea and North Korea–United States relations

American university student Otto Warmbier was freed from North Korea in June 2017, while in a coma after nearly 18 months of captivity.[17] Warmbier died without regaining consciousness on June 19, 2017, six days after his return to the United States.[18] Some U.S. officials blamed North Korea for his death.[19] In July 2017, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson authorized a "Geographical Travel Restriction" which banned Americans from entering North Korea.[20]

THAAD in South Korea[]

Main article: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense#Korean peninsula

Ostensibly to counter North Korea′s missile threat, United States Forces Korea (USFK) had been planning deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea, which is designed to detect and destroy intermediate- and medium-range ballistic missiles (not intercontinental ballistic missile).[21] The deployment had faced strong oppositions from China, Russia, and North Korea.[22][23] In late April 2017, it was reported that while THAAD had originally been scheduled to become operational by the end of 2017, this could occur sooner.[24] According to U.S. Forces Korea′s announcement, THAAD stationed in South Korea had reached initial operating capability (IOC) on May 1, 2017.[25]

Timeline[]

See also: North Korea and weapons of mass destruction#2017, 2017 North Korean missile tests, and 2017 in North Korea

USS Carl Vinson's movements: April 2017[]

After the 2017 Shayrat missile strike in Syria in response to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack, tensions increased greatly with North Korea as it saw the attack on Syria as a reason for its nuclear program. Following North Korea′s test-firing of a medium-range ballistic missile from its eastern port of Sinpo into the Sea of Japan on April 5, which came a month after four ballistic missiles were fired towards the Sea of Japan, tensions increased as U.S. president Donald Trump had said the U.S. was prepared to act alone to deal with the nuclear threat from North Korea.[26][27] On April 9, the U.S. Navy announced it was sending a navy strike group headed by the USS Carl Vinson supercarrier to the West Pacific ("to sail north and report on station in the Western Pacific Ocean after departing Singapore April 8"), but due to apparent miscommunication inside the U.S. administration, the naval move was presented as one towards the Korean peninsula.[27][28][29][30] This information was backtracked by the U.S. government a few days later.[31][32]

The April 8 announcement by the Navy led to a "glitch-ridden sequence of events".[33] On April 17, North Korea's deputy United Nations ambassador accused the United States of turning the Korean peninsula into "the world's biggest hotspot" and the North Korean government stated "its readiness to declare war on the United States if North Korean forces were to be attacked."[34] In reality on April 18, the Carl Vinson and its escorts were 3,500 miles from Korea engaged in scheduled joint Royal Australian Navy exercises in the Indian Ocean.[33][35][36] On April 24 the Japanese destroyers Ashigara and Samidare participated with the USS Carl Vinson in tactical training drills near the Philippines; North Korea threatened to sink her with a single strike.[37] The Carl Vinson aircraft carrier had been in the South China Sea in 2015 and again in February 2017 on routine patrols.[38] In late April 2017, Trump stated that "[t]here is a chance that we [the United States] could end up having a major, major conflict with North Korea".[39]

On April 24, North Korea marked the 85th anniversary of the Korean People's Army by what was said to be "its largest ever military drill", conducted in Wonsan.[40] The following day, it was reported that the United States and South Korea had begun installing key elements of the THAAD missile defense in South Korea's Seongju County.[41]

ICBM test-flight on 4 July[]

Main article: Hwasong-14

On July 4[lower-roman 1] North Korea conducted the first publicly announced flight test of its ICBM Hwasong-14, timed to coincide with the U.S. Independence Day celebrations. This flight had a claimed range of 933 kilometres (580 mi) eastwards into the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea) and reached an altitude of 2,802 kilometres (9,193,000 ft) during a 39-minute flight.[42][43] The U.S. government experts classified the missile launch as a big step in Pyongyang's quest to acquire a nuclear-tipped weapon capable of hitting the U.S.[44] North Korea declared it was now "a full-fledged nuclear power that has been possessed of the most powerful inter-continental ballistic rocket capable of hitting any part of the world".[45][46]

USFK said in a statement dated July 4, 2017: ″Eighth U.S. Army and Republic of Korea (ROK) military personnel conducted a combined event exercising assets countering North Korea’s destabilizing and unlawful actions on July 4.″[47] South Korea′s Hyunmoo-2B and U.S. Army Tactical Missile System missiles were launched during the drill.[48][49]

Rhetorical escalation in August 2017[]

On August 8, 2017, President Donald Trump warned that North Korean nuclear threats would "be met with fire, fury and frankly power, the likes of which the world has never seen before", after the mass media reported that a US intelligence assessment had found that the country had successfully produced a miniaturised nuclear warhead capable of fitting inside its missiles.[4] President Trump also remarked of North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un: "He has been very threatening beyond a normal state."[50] Within hours, North Korea responded by announcing that it was considering attacking U.S. military bases in the US territory of Guam.[51]

On August 10, 2017, North Korean Lt. Gen. Kim Rak-gyom responded to Trump's speech of "fire and fury", saying his words were "nonsense" and asserting that "reasonable dialogue" wasn't possible with Trump as president of the US. The North Korean governmental news agency KCNA reported that Kim Jong-un's military was considering a plan to fire four ICBMs, type Hwasong-12, into the Philippine Sea just 30–40 kilometres away from the island Guam. The flight time of missiles was estimated to be exactly 17 minutes and 45 seconds. A report by the KCNA suggested the plan would be put into operation in mid-August.[52] U.S. officials stated that Joseph Y. Yun, the US envoy for North Korea policy, and Pak Song-il, a senior North Korean diplomat at the country’s UN mission, were making regular contact during this dispute, through a conduit of communication they called the New York channel.[53]

On August 11, Donald Trump wrote on Twitter that ″military solutions″ were "fully in place, locked and loaded, should North Korea act unwisely".[54] Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations John Bolton and former U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta stated that the standoff between the U.S. and North Korea over Pyongyang's nuclear weapons program was comparable to the Cuban Missile Crisis.[55][56]

On August 14, Ukraine's Chairman of the National Security and Defense Council, Oleksandr Turchynov denied that it had ever supplied defense technology to North Korea, responding to an article in the New York Times that said North Korea might have purchased rocket engines from Ukrainian factory Yuzhmash, who have also denied the report.[57]

On August 15, the North Korean leader said he was delaying a decision on firing missiles towards the US Pacific territory of Guam while he waits to see what Trump does next.[58]

From August 21—31, the U.S and South Korea conducted the 2017 Ulchi-Freedom Guardian exercise that was billed by U.S. Forces Korea as slightly smaller than the previous year's, with 17,500 U.S. troops participating;[59] an editorial carried by North Korea's official Rodong Sinmun newspaper condemned the drills as "the most explicit expression of hostility against us".[60][61]

On August 25, North Korea fired three missiles from Kangwon Province in the southeastern part of the country. According to Cmdr. Dave Benham of US Pacific Command, one of the missiles exploded on launch while the other two suffered critical failures in flight, splashing down in the Sea of Japan after flying a distance of 250 kilometers.[62]

Missile test over Japan on 29 August[]

On August 29, just before 6:00 AM JST, North Korea launched a missile which flew over Hokkaido, Japan. The missile reached an altitude of 550 km and flew a total distance of around 2,700 km before crashing into the Pacific. The missile was not shot down by the Japanese military.[63] This was the third time, with two prior events in 1998 and 2009, that a North Korean missile had passed over Japanese territory. However, in both of those prior cases, North Korea had claimed that they were launching satellites.[64] The missile prompted activation of the J-Alert warning system in Tohoku and Hokkaido, advising people to seek shelter.[65][66] The launch was scheduled on the 107th anniversary of the Japan-Korea annexation treaty, and KCNA said that it was "a bold plan to make the cruel Japanese islanders insensible on bloody August 29".[67] The missile launched was said to have followed a much flatter trajectory than those tested earlier in 2017.[68]

An emergency UN Security Council meeting was called for later that day to discuss the event.[69] In a statement issued by the White House in response to the launch, US President Donald Trump said that "All options are on the table" regarding North Korea.[70]

U.S. response at the end of August[]

On August 30, President Trump issued a statement via Twitter saying "The U.S. has been talking to North Korea and paying them extortion money, for 25 years. Talking is not the answer!".[71] However, when asked by reporters at a meeting with South Korean Defence Minister Song Young-Moo whether diplomacy was off the table, US Secretary of Defence James Mattis stated that "We're never out of diplomatic solutions" and "We always look for more. We're never complacent".[72]

On August 31, the US flew a squadron of bombers, including two nuclear-capable B-1B's and four F-35's, and conducted bombing drills in what US Pacific Command described as a "direct response to North Korea's intermediate range ballistic missile launch", referring to North Korea's IRBM launch on August 29.[73]

Sixth nuclear test and aftermath: September 2017[]

See also: North Korea and weapons of mass destruction#2006 and 2017 North Korean nuclear test

On September 3, at 3:31 AM UTC, the United States Geological Survey reported that it had detected a magnitude 6.3 earthquake in North Korea near the Punggye-ri test site. Given the shallow depth of the quake and its proximity to North Korea's primary nuclear weapons testing facility, experts concluded that the country had conducted a sixth nuclear weapon test since the country first exploded a nuclear device in 2006.[74] North Korea claimed that they had tested a hydrogen bomb capable of being mounted on an ICBM.[75] The independent seismic monitoring agency NORSAR estimated that the blast had a yield of around 120 kilotons.[76] An official KCNA statement of September 3, also claimed North Korea's ability to conduct a "super-powerful EMP attack".[77]

On the same day, U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis speaking on behalf of the White House, warned there would be "a massive military response" to any threat from North Korea against the United States, including Guam, or its allies.[78]

Early on September 4, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) conducted a ballistic missile exercise that involved the South's Hyunmoo ballistic missile and the F-15K fighter jets, which was billed to be in response to North's detonation. The state news agency Yonhap said the South's military had carried out a live-fire exercise simulating an attack on the North's nuclear site, hitting "designated targets in the East Sea".[79][80]

On the same day, the UN Security Council convened to discuss further measures against North Korea;[81] the leaked draft the relevant UNSC resolution prepared by the U.S. was said to call for an oil embargo on North Korea, ban on the country's exports of textiles, on the hiring of North Korean workers abroad as well as personal sanctions against Kim Jong-un.[82] Despite resistance from China and Russia, the United States on 8 September formally requested a vote of the United Nations Security Council on the U.S. resolution.[83] UNSC 2375 passed on September 11 as a significantly watered-down version of the United States' request.[84]

In an interview on September 4, Liu Jieyi, China's ambassador to the United Nations, called for dialogue, saying that the issue needed to be resolved "peacefully". He said, "China will never allow chaos and war on the peninsula."[85]

President Vladimir Putin speaking to the Chinese press on September 5, 2017, described U.S. proposals for further sanctions on Pyongyang as "useless"; he said, "Ramping up military hysteria in such conditions is senseless; it's a dead end."[86] Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has likened the war of words between U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to a kindergarten fight between two children, saying "Together with China we'll continue to strive for a reasonable approach and not an emotional one like when children in a kindergarten start fighting and no-one can stop them."[87]

A plan proposed by both China and Russia calls for a joint freeze (freeze-for-freeze) — of North's missile tests, and U.S. and South Korean military exercises; the next step would be starting talks.[84][88] The joint initiative of Russia and China envisages the involved parties' commitment to "four nos": concerning regime change, regime collapse, accelerated reunification, and military deployment north of the thirty-eighth parallel.[89][not in citation given]

On September 6, Donald Trump, after a telephone conversation with China′s Xi Jinping, said that the United States would not tolerate North Korea′s provocations, although military action was not his "first choice".[82]

On September 10, the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Jens Stoltenberg said in an interview with BBC television: "The reckless behavior of North Korea is a global threat and requires a global response and that of course also includes NATO"; when asked whether an attack on the U.S. Pacific territory of Guam would trigger NATO's Article 5, he said: "I will not speculate about whether Article 5 will be applied in such a situation."[90]

Missile test over Japan on September 15[]

On September 14, North Korea issued a threat to "sink" Japan, and turn the US to "ashes and darkness". The statement drew strong condemnation from Yoshihide Suga, who described the speech as "extremely provocative and egregious".[91] The next day, an IRBM was fired from near Pyongyang and flew over Hokkaido, Japan before splashing down in the western Pacific about two thousand kilometers off Cape Erimo at about 7:16 AM local time.

The missile traveled 3,700 kilometres (2,300 mi) achieving a maximum apogee of 770 kilometres (480 mi) during its 19 minute flight. It is the furthest any North Korean IRBM missile has gone above and beyond Japan.[92] On September 18, North Korea announced that any further sanctions would only cause acceleration of their nuclear program.[93]

U.S. and China agree on "pressure"[]

On September 18, the White House said president Donald Trump and Chinese president Xi Jinping had discussed North Korea's continued nuclear weapons and ballistic missile tests and committed to "maximising pressure on North Korea through vigorous enforcement" of UN Security Council resolutions on North Korea; North Korea said the sanctions would accelerate its nuclear program.[94]

Donald Trump's speech at UN General Assembly, Kim Jong-un's response, and further developments[]

On September 19, Donald Trump, in his first address to the United Nations General Assembly, said that the United States: "if it is forced to defend itself or its allies, we will have no choice but to totally destroy North Korea. Rocket Man [Kim Jong-un] is on a suicide mission for himself and for his regime. The United States is ready, willing and able, but hopefully this will not be necessary."[95][96] Also, without mentioning it by name, Donald Trump criticised China for maintaining relations with NK, calling it "an outrage that some nations would not only trade with such a regime, but would arm, supply, and financially support a country that imperils the world with nuclear conflict".[95][96]

On September 20, U.S. president Donald Trump signed an executive order that further toughened U.S. sanctions against North Korea: the U.S. Treasury was thereby authorised to target firms and financial institutions conducting business with NK.[97][98] Commenting on the executive order, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said, "Foreign financial institutions are now on notice that going forward they can choose to do business with the United States or North Korea, but not both."[99][100]

On September 21, responding directly for the first time to President Trump’s threat,[101] North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un in his capacity of Chairman of State Affairs of DPRK[102] called Trump a "mentally deranged U.S. dotard" and vowed the "highest level of hard-line countermeasure in history."[103] (The ad hominem insults aside, no reference was made to the "hostile policy" of the United States, a staple of North Korean statements otherwise.)[104] Foreign minister Ri Yong-ho likewise alluded to Trump as a barking dog,[105] and furthermore remarked that North Korea might be considering the largest test of a hydrogen bomb ever in the Pacific Ocean,[103] which would constitute the first atmospheric nuclear test in the world since 1980 (last performed by China).[104]

On September 25, North Korea's Foreign Minister Ri Yong Ho accused Trump of declaring war[106] on his country, referring to Trump's recent tweet that North Korea "won't be around much longer." The White House responded that the USA has not declared war.

On September 30, Rex Tillerson stated while on a trip to China, that the U.S and North Korea were in "direct contact". "We have lines of communications to Pyongyang" he said, "We're not in a dark situation". He further stated that the U.S was "probing" the possibility of direct talks. "So stay tuned".[107] The Associated Press has claimed that a long-used back-channel has been re-opened in the past months, the 'New York Channel', facilitating communication between Washington and Pyongyang.[108] The next day however, Trump made a series of posts on Twitter which seemed to undermine Tillerson's efforts, claiming that Tillerson was "wasting his time" trying to negotiate with North Korea and that "we'll do what has to be done".[109]

Former CIA Director John O. Brennan, during a Q&A session at Fordham University on October 18, remarked that "I think the prospects of military conflict in the Korean peninsula are greater than they have been in several decades... I don't think it's likely or probable, but if it's a 1-in-4 or 1-in-5 chance, that's too high."[110]

Argument about nuclear armament of South Korea and Japan[]

An argument emerged in both South Korea and Japan about the nuclear option, driven by worry that the United States might hesitate to defend the countries if doing so might provoke a missile launched from the North at major U.S. cities.[111] In South Korea, polls show that 60 percent of the population favors building nuclear weapons, and that nearly 70 percent want the United States to reintroduce tactical nuclear weapons, which were withdrawn in the 90s.[111] In October, Hong Jun-pyo, one of the leading South Korean opposition figures, argued "only by deploying tactical nuclear weapons on South Korean territory can we negotiate with North Korea on an equal footing."[112] Republican Senator John McCain urged that the U.S. should consider deploying nuclear weapons to South Korea.[112] Former United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger mentioned “If North Korea continues to have nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons must spread in the rest of Asia.”[111]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ There is a 12½ hour time difference from North Korean local time to Eastern Daylight Time. The missile was launched at 9am, North Korean local time, on the morning of 4th July. This was 8:30pm Washington time on the evening of 3rd July.

References[]

  1. ↑ "North Korea threatens Australia with nuclear strike over US allegiance". April 24, 2017. http://www.news.com.au/world/asia/north-korea-threatens-australia-with-nuclear-strike-over-us-allegiance/news-story/fa28ccb9eaaff6c02f5c12bdc19bc227. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  2. ↑ "North Korea threatens Australia with disaster if it continues to support US stance on Pyongyang". October 15, 2017. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-15/north-korea-warns-australia-face-disaster-continues-support-us/9051156. Retrieved October 17, 2017. 
  3. ↑ Intelligence Agencies Say North Korean Missile Could Reach U.S. in a Year NYT, July 25, 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Warrick, Joby (August 8, 2017). "North Korea now making missile-ready nuclear weapons, U.S. analysts say". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/north-korea-now-making-missile-ready-nuclear-weapons-us-analysts-say/2017/08/08/e14b882a-7b6b-11e7-9d08-b79f191668ed_story.html. Retrieved August 9, 2017. 
  5. ↑ Three things to know about North Korea's missile tests: With advances in its long-range missile programme, here are three technical milestones and why they matter. Aljazeera, September 3, 2017.
  6. ↑ North Korea’s Potential Targets: Guam, South Korea and Japan NYT, August 9, 2017.
  7. ↑ Kim, Jong-Un. "Kim Jong Un's 2017 New Year's Address (KCNA – speech full text)". Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. https://archive.is/20170111073915/http://www.ncnk.org/resources/news-items/kim-jong-uns-speeches-and-public-statements-1/kim-jong-uns-2017-new-years-address. Retrieved January 10, 2017. 
  8. ↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (May 4, 2017). "North Korean Media, in Rare Critique of China, Says Nuclear Program Will Continue". https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/world/asia/north-korea-nuclear-weapons-china.html. 
  9. ↑ North Korea's Secret Weapon? Economic Growth. Rising living standards will limit the effect of sanctions. Bloomberg, 14 September 2017.
  10. ↑ China imposes import bans on North Korean iron, coal and seafood BBC, 15 August 2017.
  11. ↑ China Has Nothing To Gain From Sanctioning North Korea Forbes, August 13, 2017.
  12. ↑ "United Nations Security Council: Resolution 2321 (2016): Adopted by the Security Council at its 7821st meeting, on 30 November 2016" (PDF). United Nations. November 30, 2016. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N16/407/50/PDF/N1640750.pdf?OpenElement. Retrieved September 26, 2017. 
  13. ↑ China bans all coal imports from North Korea amid growing tensions CNN, February 20, 2017.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 China Says Its Trade With North Korea Has Increased NYT, April 13, 2017.
  15. ↑ China July trade with North Korea slows from June as coal ban bites Reuters, August 23, 2017.
  16. ↑ Exclusive: U.S. prepares new sanctions on Chinese firms over North Korea ties - officials Reuters, July 13, 2017.
  17. ↑ "Coma-stricken student released from North Korea arrives back in US" Archived June 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine., ABC News, June 12, 2017
  18. ↑ Svrluga, Susan (June 19, 2017). "Otto Warmbier dies days after release from North Korean detainment". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/06/19/otto-warmbier-dies-days-after-release-from-north-korean-detainmen. (subscription required)
  19. ↑ "John McCain: Otto Warmbier 'murdered by the Kim Jong-un regime'" Archived June 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine., Washington Examiner, June 19, 2017
  20. ↑ Torbati, Yeganeh; Lee, Se Young (July 21, 2017). "U.S. State Department to clamp ban on travel to North Korea". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-tours-idUSKBN1A60SE. Retrieved July 21, 2017. 
  21. ↑ U.S. Forces Korea Commander confident THAAD will enhance Alliance’s defense against North Korean Threats 주한미군 사령관, 사드 (THAAD)가 북한 위협으로부터 한미동맹의 방어력을 제고할 것을 확신 USFK, August 1, 2017.
  22. ↑ "China, Russia share opposition to U.S. THAAD in South Korea: Xi". Reuters. July 3, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-thaad-russia-idUSKBN19O0N8. 
  23. ↑ "North Korea Warns of a 'Physical' Response if U.S. Missile Deployment Goes Ahead". Time. July 11, 2016. http://time.com/4400367/thaad-north-south-korea-missiles-us/. 
  24. ↑ We are a target': South Korean village wakes up on frontline with North: Arrival of Thaad defence system in Seongju fails to reassure villagers as voters in Seoul call for engagement with Pyongyang not threats The Guardian, 27 April 2017.
  25. ↑ It's Official: THAAD Missile Defense Is Up and Running in South Korea The Diplomat, May 2, 2017.
  26. ↑ Trump ready to 'solve' North Korea problem without China BBC, April 3, 2017.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "North Korea missiles: US warships deployed to Korean peninsula". BBC. April 9, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39542990. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  28. ↑ Carl Vinson Strike Group Departs Singapore for Western Pacific navy.mil, Story Number: NNS170409-02 Release Date: April 9, 2017.
  29. ↑ Ryan Browne (April 8, 2017). "US aircraft carrier-led strike group headed toward Korean Peninsula". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/08/politics/navy-korean-peninsula/. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  30. ↑ "U.S. armada heads to Korea". RT. April 13, 2017. https://www.rt.com/news/384554-us-armada-china-korea-menace/. Retrieved April 18, 2017. "We are sending an armada. Very powerful," Trump told Fox. "We have submarines. Very powerful. Far more powerful than the aircraft carrier. That I can tell you." 
  31. ↑ 'Armada' Trump claimed was deployed to North Korea actually heading to Australia The Independent, April 19, 2017.
  32. ↑ Landler, Mark (April 18, 2017). "Aircraft Carrier Wasn't Sailing to Deter North Korea, as U.S. Suggested". https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/world/asia/aircraft-carrier-north-korea-carl-vinson.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Aircraft carrier 3500 miles from Korea". April 18, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/world/asia/aircraft-carrier-north-korea-carl-vinson.html. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  34. ↑ Edith M. Lederer (April 17, 2017). "North Korea says it's ready to react to any mode of war desired by the US". https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/04/17/north-korea-says-ready-react-any-mode-war-desired/TwaYevWNnv94anCon5jXxJ/story.html. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  35. ↑ Cavas, Christopher P. (April 17, 2017). "Nothing to see here: US carrier still thousands of miles from Korea". Defense News. http://www.defensenews.com/articles/us-carrier-still-thousands-of-miles-from-korea. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  36. ↑ Acosta, Jim; Ryan Browne (April 18, 2017). "Official: White House, Pentagon miscommunicated on aircraft carrier's location". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/18/politics/carl-vinson-korea-trump/. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  37. ↑ Junko, Ogura (April 24, 2014). "North Korea threatens to sink US aircraft carrier". http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/23/politics/uss-carl-vinson-japan-us-drills/index.html. 
  38. ↑ "South China Sea: US carrier group begins 'routine' patrols". February 19, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-39018882. Retrieved April 18, 2017. 
  39. ↑ "Trump fears 'major, major conflict' with North Korea". April 28, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39741671. Retrieved April 28, 2017. 
  40. ↑ North Korea marks anniversary with massive artillery drill CNN, April 26, 2017.
  41. ↑ Missile Defense System Takes Shape in South Korea as North Holds Drills NYT, April 25, 2017.
  42. ↑ "North Korea's Kim Jong Un says ICBM an Independence Day 'gift' to 'American b**tards': KCNA". July 5, 2017. http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/north-koreas-kim-jong-un-says-icbm-an-independence-day-gift-to-american-btards-kcna. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  43. ↑ "What is True and Not True About North Korea’s Hwasong-14 ICBM: A Technical Evaluation". 38 North. July 10, 2017. http://www.38north.org/2017/07/jschilling071017/. "As was noted at the time, the Hwasong-14 was launched on a very high angle "lofted" trajectory to avoid overflying Japan, ..." 
  44. ↑ US bombers fly over Korean Peninsula in response to N. Korea's ICBM test CNN, July 8, 2017.
  45. ↑ Trump warns North Korea of 'severe' options over missile test BBC, July 6, 2017.
  46. ↑ North Korea missile: US confirms long-range test BBC, July 5, 2017.
  47. ↑ ROK-US Alliance Demonstrates Precision Firing Capability USFK, July 4, 2017.
  48. ↑ U.S., South Korea stage show of force after North Korea ICBM test Reuters, July 5, 2017.
  49. ↑ US, ROK Conduct Precision-Strike Drill in Response to North Korean ICBM Launch: The U.S. Army and Republic of Korea military personnel test fired missiles in response to North Korea’s most recent ICBM test. The Diplomat, July 5, 2017.
  50. ↑ Trump promised 'fire and fury' for North Korea if it continued threats — hours later, it threatened strikes on Guam Business Insider, August 8, 2017.
  51. ↑ "North Korea considering firing missiles at Guam, per state media". August 8, 2017. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/08/08/north-korea-considering-firing-missile-at-guam-per-state-media.html. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  52. ↑ "Atom: Nordkorea legt detaillierten Plan für Raketenangriff Richtung Guam vor - WELT". https://www.welt.de/newsticker/news1/article167550388/Nordkorea-legt-detaillierten-Plan-fuer-Raketenangriff-Richtung-Guam-vor.html. 
  53. ↑ Bob Fredericks (August 11, 2017). "White House has quietly engaged in back-channel talks with North Korea". http://nypost.com/2017/08/11/white-house-has-quietly-engaged-in-back-channel-talks-with-north-korea/. 
  54. ↑ "Trump: military solutions 'locked and loaded' against North Korea threat". Reuters. August 11, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-trump-idUSKBN1AR15M. Retrieved August 12, 2017. 
  55. ↑ "John Bolton: North Korea standoff comparable to Cuban Missile Crisis". Fox News. August 11, 2017. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/08/11/john-bolton-north-korea-standoff-comparable-to-cuban-missile-crisis.html. Retrieved August 12, 2017. 
  56. ↑ "Panetta: North Korea 'most serious crisis' involving nukes since Cuba". CNN. August 12, 2017. http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/11/politics/leon-panetta-nuclear-war/index.html. Retrieved August 12, 2017. 
  57. ↑ "Ukraine denies selling missile technology to North Korea". Reuters. August 14, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-ukraine-idUSKCN1AU1C9. 
  58. ↑ "Kim Jong-un to hold off on Guam missile plan, state media reports". August 15, 2017. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-15/north-korea-kim-holds-off-on-guam-missile-plan/8810174. Retrieved August 18, 2017. 
  59. ↑ US, South Korea Begin Ulchi-Freedom Guardian 2017 War Games Amid Threats From North Korea The Diplomat, August 21, 2017.
  60. ↑ Gady, Franz-Stefan (August 29, 2017). "Russia Flies Nuclear-Capable Bombers Near North Korea". The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/russia-flies-nuclear-capable-bombers-near-north-korea/. Retrieved September 4, 2017. 
  61. ↑ North Korea slams upcoming US-South military exercises: Manoeuvres are viewed by Pyongyang as a rehearsal for an invasion and akin to 'pouring gasoline on fire'. Aljazeera, August 20, 2017.
  62. ↑ "North Korea fires three missiles into sea". BBC News. August 25, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41058152. 
  63. ↑ "Kim guided North Korean missile test". skynews.com.au. August 30, 2017. http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2017/08/30/all-options-on-the-table-after-missile--trump.html. 
  64. ↑ North Korea Fires Missile Over Japan, New York Times, CHOE SANG-HUN and DAVID E. SANGER, August 28, 2017
  65. ↑ Roberts, Rachel (August 28, 2017). "North Korea just launched a missile over Japan". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-korea-japan-missile-over-test-launch-kim-jong-un-trump-latest-news-updates-a7917401.html. Retrieved August 29, 2017. 
  66. ↑ "North Korea fires missile over Japan in 'unprecedented threat'". BBC News. August 29, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-41078187. Retrieved August 29, 2017. 
  67. ↑ McCurry, Justin (August 30, 2017). "North Korea's Kim Jong-un says missile launch a prelude to 'containing Guam'". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/30/north-koreas-kim-jong-un-says-missile-launch-a-prelude-to-containing-guam. Retrieved August 30, 2017. 
  68. ↑ Trump and Abe vow to increase pressure after North Korea fires missile over Japan The Guardian, August 29, 2017.
  69. ↑ Rosenfeld, Everett (August 28, 2017). "UN Security Council will meet Tuesday on North Korea missile launch". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/28/un-security-council-will-meet-tuesday-on-north-korea-missile-launch.html. Retrieved August 29, 2017. 
  70. ↑ "Statement by President Donald J. Trump on North Korea". White House. August 28, 2017. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/08/29/statement-president-donald-j-trump-north-korea. Retrieved August 29, 2017. 
  71. ↑ Singman, Brooke (August 30, 2017). "Trump says talking to North Korea 'not the answer,' rips US 'extortion' payments". http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/08/30/trump-says-talking-to-north-korea-not-answer-rips-us-extortion-payments.html. 
  72. ↑ Wilts, Alexandra (August 30, 2017). "Trump's defence secretary just contradicted him over North Korea". https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/north-korea-trump-mattis-talking-over-diplomacy-response-a7921121.html. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  73. ↑ Lee, Taehoon; James Griffiths (August 31, 2017). "US fighter jets stage mock bombing drill over Korean Peninsula". Edition.cnn.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/31/politics/us-bombers-korean-peninsula/index.html. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  74. ↑ "North Korea nuclear test: Hydrogen bomb 'missile-ready'". BBC News. September 3, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41139445. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  75. ↑ Mason, Jeff; Michael Martina (September 3, 2017). "Trump says U.S. not 'putting up with' North Korea's actions". https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-nuclear/trump-says-u-s-not-putting-up-with-north-koreas-actions-idUSKCN1BD0VW. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  76. ↑ "Large nuclear test in North Korea on 3 September 2017". NORSAR. September 3, 2017. https://www.norsar.no/press/latest-press-release/archive/large-nuclear-test-in-north-korea-on-3-september-2017-article1534-984.html. Retrieved September 3, 2017. 
  77. ↑ Kim Jong Un Gives Guidance to Nuclear Weaponization Korean Central News Agency, September 3, 2017.
  78. ↑ Mattis warns of 'massive military response' to NK nuclear threat CNN, September 3, 2017.
  79. ↑ South Korea Missile Exercise After North Korea Nuke Test: Yonhap: South Korea's military said the range to the simulated targets were equivalent to the North's Punggye-ri nuclear test site in its northeastern province. NDTV, September 4, 2017.
  80. ↑ S. Korea holds missile drill in response to North's nuclear test France 24/AFP, September 4, 2017.
  81. ↑ Security Council Condemns Underground Nuclear Test by Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, with Members Calling for Tougher Sanctions UN, September 4, 2017.
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 North Korea: Trump doesn't rule out military strike but says it is 'not our first choice' after call with China The Independent, September 6, 2017.
  83. ↑ U.S. Demands UN Vote On North Korea Sanctions Despite Russian, Chinese Resistance Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, September 9, 2017.
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Lederer, Edith M. (September 11, 2017). "UN approves watered-down new sanctions against North Korea". Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170916141050/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/us-calls-for-monday-vote-on-new-north-korea-sanctions/2017/09/11/4b9959f0-96a6-11e7-af6a-6555caaeb8dc_story.html?utm_term=.fc64396f1cca. Retrieved September 12, 2017. 
  85. ↑ Chinese Ambassador: China 'will never allow chaos and war' on the Korean Peninsula The Hill, September 4, 2017.
  86. ↑ North Korea nuclear crisis: Putin warns of planetary catastrophe: As Kim Jong-un reportedly prepares further missile launch, Russian president says further sanctions would be ‘useless’ The Guardian, September 5, 2017.
  87. ↑ "Russia says war of words between Donald Trump and North Korea is 'a fight between two children'". The Independent. 23 September 2017.
  88. ↑ North Korea crisis: What will Russia do? BBC, September 9, 2017.
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  90. ↑ NATO's Stoltenberg says North Korea's 'reckless behavior' requires global response Reuters, September 10, 2017.
  91. ↑ McCurry, Justin (September 14, 2017). "We will sink Japan and turn US to 'ashes and darkness', says North Korea". Tokyo. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/14/north-korea-threat-sink-japan-us-ashes-darkness. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  92. ↑ South Korea: North Korea launched missile over Japan CNN Politics, September 14, 2017.
  93. ↑ "North Korea says sanctions will accelerate nuclear programme". September 18, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-41309774. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  94. ↑ North Korea says sanctions will accelerate nuclear programme BBC, September 18, 2017.
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  97. ↑ Presidential Executive Order on Imposing Additional Sanctions with Respect to North Korea The White House, September 21, 2017.
  98. ↑ North Korea: Trump signs new order to widen sanctions BBC, September 21, 2017.
  99. ↑ Remarks by Secretary Mnuchin on President Trump’s Executive Order on North Korea U.S. Department of the Treasury, September 21, 2017.
  100. ↑ Treasury puts foreign institutions 'on notice' over business with North Korea The Washington Examiner, September 21, 2017.
  101. ↑ "Deranged! Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un's war of words". September 22, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/41359557/deranged-donald-trump-and-kim-jong-uns-war-of-words. Retrieved September 23, 2017. 
  102. ↑ "Statement of Chairman of State Affairs Commission of DPRK". September 22, 2017. https://kcnawatch.co/newstream/1506033115-921520320/statement-of-chairman-of-state-affairs-commission-of-dprk/. Retrieved September 23, 2017. 
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  105. ↑ "North Korea says Trump speech is 'a dog's bark'". September 21, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41343646. Retrieved September 23, 2017. 
  106. ↑ "North Korea accuses Trump of declaring war". September 25, 2017. http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/25/politics/north-korea-fm-us-bombers/index.html. Retrieved September 25, 2017. 
  107. ↑ "North Korea and US "in direct contact" says Tillerson". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41454007. Retrieved 30 September 2017. 
  108. ↑ Pennington, Matthew. "Beyond bluster, US, NKorea in regular contact". AP. https://apnews.com/686ac7c761694b28b67793a1d8297145. Retrieved 30 September 2017. 
  109. ↑ "Trump says Tillerson "wasting his time" trying to negotiate with N. Korea". CBS News. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plMgfOvIoMg. Retrieved 1 October 2017. 
  110. ↑ Brennan, John (2017-10-19). "Former CIA chief John Brennan puts chance of North Korean conflict at 20 to 25 percent". https://www.cbsnews.com/news/former-cia-chief-john-brennan-rates-chance-of-north-korean-conflict-at-20-to-25-percent/. 
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 111.2 "North Korea Rouses Neighbors to Reconsider Nuclear Weapons". The New York Times. 28 October 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/28/world/asia/north-korea-nuclear-weapons-japan-south-korea.html. Retrieved 30 October 2017. 
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 "South Korean opposition leader: Nukes are the only way to guarantee peace". CNN. 18 October 2017. http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/18/asia/south-korea-trump-nukes/index.html. Retrieved 30 October 2017. 

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