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|command_structure= [[Leningrad Military District]] (1960-1998) |
|command_structure= [[Leningrad Military District]] (1960-1998) |
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|size=several [[Rifle corps (Soviet)|corps]] or divisions |
|size=several [[Rifle corps (Soviet)|corps]] or divisions |
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| − | |garrison= |
+ | |garrison=Petrozavodsk (c.1960-1998) |
|battles=[[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)]], [[Operation Barbarossa]], [[Second Battle of Kharkov]], others |
|battles=[[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)]], [[Operation Barbarossa]], [[Second Battle of Kharkov]], others |
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| − | |notable_commanders= |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''6th Army''' was a [[field army]] of the Soviet [[Red Army]] formed four times during World War II and active with the [[Russian Ground Forces]] up until 1998. It appears to have been reformed in 2010. |
The '''6th Army''' was a [[field army]] of the Soviet [[Red Army]] formed four times during World War II and active with the [[Russian Ground Forces]] up until 1998. It appears to have been reformed in 2010. |
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It was first formed in August, 1939 in the [[Kiev Special Military District]] from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).<ref>6th Army- б. Восточная (первоначально - Винницкая, затем - Волочиская армейская группа КОВО (0000 Там же, а также "Другая война. 1939-1945". М., 1996, с.248.) КОВО. Lenskii 2001.</ref> |
It was first formed in August, 1939 in the [[Kiev Special Military District]] from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).<ref>6th Army- б. Восточная (первоначально - Винницкая, затем - Волочиская армейская группа КОВО (0000 Там же, а также "Другая война. 1939-1945". М., 1996, с.248.) КОВО. Lenskii 2001.</ref> |
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| − | In September 1939 it participated in the [[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)|Soviet invasion of Poland]]. At the beginning of war the Army ([[6th Rifle Corps]], [[37th Rifle Corps]] (which included the [[80th Rifle Division|80th]], [[139th Rifle Division|139th]], and [[141st Rifle Division]]s), [[4th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|4th]] and 15th Mechanized Corps, 5th Cavalry Corps, 4th and 6th Fortified Regions, and a number of artillery and other units<ref>Leo Niehorster, [http://orbat.com/site/ww2/drleo/012_ussr/41_oob/kiev/army_06.html, Order of Battle, 22 June 1941]</ref>) was deployed on the Lviv direction. It started the Second World War as part of the [[Soviet Southwestern Front]]. The army's headquarters was disbanded 10 August 1941 after the [[Battle of Uman]]. In this battle, the 6th Army was caught in a huge encirclement south of Kiev along with the [[12th Army (Soviet Union)|12th Army]]. |
+ | In September 1939 it participated in the [[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)|Soviet invasion of Poland]]. At the beginning of war the Army ([[6th Rifle Corps]], [[37th Rifle Corps]] (which included the [[80th Rifle Division|80th]], [[139th Rifle Division|139th]], and [[141st Rifle Division]]s), [[4th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)|4th]] and 15th Mechanized Corps, 5th Cavalry Corps, 4th and 6th Fortified Regions, and a number of artillery and other units<ref>Leo Niehorster, [http://orbat.com/site/ww2/drleo/012_ussr/41_oob/kiev/army_06.html, Order of Battle, 22 June 1941]</ref>) was deployed on the Lviv direction. It started the Second World War as part of the [[Soviet Southwestern Front]]. The army's headquarters was disbanded 10 August 1941 after the [[Battle of Uman]]. In this battle, the 6th Army was caught in a huge encirclement south of Kiev along with the [[12th Army (Soviet Union)|12th Army]]. |
| ⚫ | It was immediately reformed within the [[Southern Front]] on the basis of 48th Rifle Corps and other units, and defended the west bank of the Dnepr River northwest of Dnipropetrovsk.<ref>Bonn/Glantz, Slaughterhouse, Aberjona Press, 2005, p.311</ref> On 1 September 1941 it consisted of [[169th Rifle Division|169th]], [[226th Rifle Division|226th]], [[230th Rifle Division|230th]], 255th, 273rd, and 275th Rifle Divisions, [[26th Cavalry Division|26th]] and 28th Cavalry Divisions, 47 сп (15th [[NKVD]] Rifle Division), 269th, 274th, and 394th Corps Artillery Regiments, 522 гап б/м, 671st Artillery Regiment of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (ап РВГК), 14, 27 озад, and 8th Tank Division.<ref>tashv.nm.ru, [Combat composition of the Soviet Army, 1 September 1941], accessed October 2011</ref> It was then transferred to the [[Soviet Southwestern Front]] and took part in defensive actions in the Donbas, the Barvenkovo-Lozovaia operation, and the [[Second Battle of Kharkov]], but along with the 57th Army, was surrounded in the Izium pocket with the loss of 200,000 plus men in casualties alone, and afterwards formally disbanded. |
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| ⚫ | The Army was reformed in July 1942 for the third time from the 6th Reserve Army, comprising the [[45th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|45th]], [[99th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|99th]], [[141st Rifle Division|141st]], [[160th Rifle Division|160th]], [[20th Guards Rifle Division|174th]], [[212th Rifle Division|212th]], [[219th Rifle Division|219th]], and [[309th Rifle Division]]s plus the 141st Rifle Brigade. It was assigned in sequence to the [[Voronezh Front|Voronezh]], [[Soviet Southwestern Front|Southwestern]], and [[3rd Ukrainian Front]]s. In January 1943, the 6th Army smashed through the defensive lines of the [[Alpini]] divisions of the Italian 8th Army as part of [[italian war in Soviet Union, 1941-1943#November 1942-February 1943, Operation Little Saturn|Operation Little Saturn]]. In 1944 it took part in the Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih, Bereznogova-Snigorovka, and Odessa offensives. However, in June 1944 it was broken up again, and only reformed in December 1944 with troops posted in from [[3rd Guards Army (Soviet Union)|3rd Guards]] and [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th]] Armies. On 1 January 1945 the Army consisted of the [[22nd Rifle Corps]] ([[218th Rifle Division|218th]] and [[273rd Rifle Division]]s), the [[74th Rifle Corps]] ([[181st Rifle Division|181st]] and [[309th Rifle Division]]s), the [[359th Rifle Division]], the 77th Fortified Region, and other support units.<ref>[http://www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1945/19450101.html Combat Composition of the Soviet Army], 1 January 1945</ref> |
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| ⚫ | It was immediately reformed within the [[Southern Front]] on the basis of 48th Rifle Corps and other units, and defended the west bank of the Dnepr River northwest of |
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| − | |||
| ⚫ | The Army was reformed in July 1942 for the third time from the 6th Reserve Army, comprising the [[45th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|45th]], [[99th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|99th]], [[141st Rifle Division|141st]], [[160th Rifle Division|160th]], [[20th Guards Rifle Division|174th]], [[212th Rifle Division|212th]], [[219th Rifle Division|219th]], and [[309th Rifle Division]]s plus the 141st Rifle Brigade. It was assigned in sequence to the [[Voronezh Front|Voronezh]], [[Soviet Southwestern Front|Southwestern]], and [[3rd Ukrainian Front]]s. In January 1943, the 6th Army smashed through the defensive lines of the [[Alpini]] divisions of the Italian 8th Army as part of [[italian war in Soviet Union, 1941-1943#November 1942-February 1943, Operation Little Saturn|Operation Little Saturn]]. In 1944 it took part in the Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih, Bereznogova-Snigorovka, and Odessa offensives. However in June 1944 it was broken up again, and only reformed in December 1944 with troops posted in from [[3rd Guards Army (Soviet Union)|3rd Guards]] and [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th]] Armies. On 1 January 1945 the Army consisted of the [[22nd Rifle Corps]] ([[218th Rifle Division|218th]] and [[273rd Rifle Division]]s), the [[74th Rifle Corps]] ([[181st Rifle Division|181st]] and [[309th Rifle Division]]s), the [[359th Rifle Division]], the 77th Fortified Region, and other support units.<ref>[http://www.tashv.nm.ru/BoevojSostavSA/1945/19450101.html Combat Composition of the Soviet Army], 1 January 1945</ref> |
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| − | |||
| ⚫ | During 1945 the Army took part in the |
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| ⚫ | During 1945 the Army took part in the Sandomierz-Silesia, and the [[Lower Silesian Offensive Operation|Lower Silesia]] offensives. During the Lower Silesia offensive in February 1945, 6th Army, commanded by Marshal [[Ivan Koniev]], besieged Fortress Breslau (''Festung Breslau'') in the [[Battle of Breslau (1945)|Battle of Breslau]]. The army besieged the city as part of the [[Lower Silesian Offensive Operation]] on February 13, 1945, and the encirclement of Breslau was completed the following day. The 1st Ukrainian Front forces besieged the city with the [[22nd Rifle Corps|22nd]] and 74th Rifle Corps, and the 77th Fortified Region, as well as other smaller units. Even approximate estimates vary greatly concerning the number of German troops trapped in Breslau. Some sources claim that there were as many as 150,000 defenders, some 80,000 and some 50,000. The Siege of Breslau consisted of destructive house-to-house street fighting. The city was bombarded to ruin by artillery of the 6th Army, as well as the [[2nd Air Army]] and the [[18th Air Army]]. During the siege, both sides resorted to setting entire districts of the city on fire. |
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6th Army then fought in the Bresla offensive. |
6th Army then fought in the Bresla offensive. |
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| − | After the end of the [[Second World War]], the 6th Army was withdrawn from Germany and stationed briefly in the Orlovskiy Military District before being disbanded in the Voronezh Military District late in 1945. Its second formation was (re)formed from Headquarters [[Northern Military District]] in |
+ | After the end of the [[Second World War]], the 6th Army was withdrawn from Germany and stationed briefly in the Orlovskiy Military District before being disbanded in the Voronezh Military District late in 1945. Its second formation was (re)formed from Headquarters [[Northern Military District]] in May–June 1960 with headquarters at Petrozavodsk.<ref>[[Valentin Varennikov]] "Unique," Book 2, page 73.</ref> |
| − | |||
In 1988 it consisted of:<ref>V.I. Feskov et al 2004, 58.</ref> |
In 1988 it consisted of:<ref>V.I. Feskov et al 2004, 58.</ref> |
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*[[37th Motor Rifle Division]] (Nagorniy/Нагорный) ([[Murmansk]]) including 31st, 54th Motor Rifle Regiments |
*[[37th Motor Rifle Division]] (Nagorniy/Нагорный) ([[Murmansk]]) including 31st, 54th Motor Rifle Regiments |
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*[[54th Motor Rifle Division]] ([[Alakurtti (rural locality)|Alakurtti]]) 82nd Guards Tank Regiment, 221st Guards и 251 (Кандалакша), 281st Motor Rifle Regiments, 441st Artillery Regimenta, 454 зрап |
*[[54th Motor Rifle Division]] ([[Alakurtti (rural locality)|Alakurtti]]) 82nd Guards Tank Regiment, 221st Guards и 251 (Кандалакша), 281st Motor Rifle Regiments, 441st Artillery Regimenta, 454 зрап |
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| − | *[[71st Motor Rifle Division]] ( |
+ | *[[71st Motor Rifle Division]] (Petrozavodsk) |
*[[111th Motor Rifle Division]] ([[Sortavala]]), 91st Tank Regiment (Лахденпохья) 182* и 185 (Лахденпохья), 184 109 ап, 1037 зрап |
*[[111th Motor Rifle Division]] ([[Sortavala]]), 91st Tank Regiment (Лахденпохья) 182* и 185 (Лахденпохья), 184 109 ап, 1037 зрап |
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*[[131st Motor Rifle Division]] ([[Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast|Pechenga]]) |
*[[131st Motor Rifle Division]] ([[Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast|Pechenga]]) |
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| − | *88th Independent Helicopter Squadron ([[Apatity]], |
+ | *88th Independent Helicopter Squadron ([[Apatity]], Murmansk Oblast, from 1977) Disbanded 1991 or 1994.<ref>Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/squadrons/ove/88ove.htm</ref> ([[Kirovsk-Apatity Airport]]) |
*840th Independent Engineer-Sapper Battalion |
*840th Independent Engineer-Sapper Battalion |
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*and several other independent brigades, regiments, and battalions |
*and several other independent brigades, regiments, and battalions |
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| Line 41: | Line 37: | ||
In 1989 the 71st Motor Rifle Division became the 5186th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (БХВТ) (30th мотострелковая бригада), and the 37th similarly became a weapons and equipment storage base (VKhVT).<ref>Feskov et al 2004, 104.</ref> In 1994-95 the 111th Motor Rifle Division ([[Sortavala]]) became the 20th Independent Motor Rifle Brigade and shifted into the [[30th Guards Army Corps]]. |
In 1989 the 71st Motor Rifle Division became the 5186th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (БХВТ) (30th мотострелковая бригада), and the 37th similarly became a weapons and equipment storage base (VKhVT).<ref>Feskov et al 2004, 104.</ref> In 1994-95 the 111th Motor Rifle Division ([[Sortavala]]) became the 20th Independent Motor Rifle Brigade and shifted into the [[30th Guards Army Corps]]. |
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| − | In January 1996 it consisted of the 161st Artillery Brigade, the 182nd MRL Regiment, the 485th Separate Helicopter Regiment, the 54th Motor Rifle Division (Allakurtti), and the 131st Motor Rifle Division ([[Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast|Pechenga]]).<ref>Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline - Part 2,' Jane's Intelligence Review, October 1996, p.444</ref> It finally disbanded after the fall of the Soviet Union in |
+ | In January 1996 it consisted of the 161st Artillery Brigade, the 182nd MRL Regiment, the 485th Separate Helicopter Regiment, the 54th Motor Rifle Division (Allakurtti), and the 131st Motor Rifle Division ([[Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast|Pechenga]]).<ref>Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline - Part 2,' Jane's Intelligence Review, October 1996, p.444</ref> It finally disbanded after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1997–98. |
In 2010, as part of the creation of the [[Western Military District]] / Western Operational-Strategic Command with headquarters at St. Petersburg, the army was reformed. The new 6th Army may include:<ref>[http://finam.fm/news/69276/ В Ленинградском Военном округе переформируются действующие части. Радио Финам ФМ<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->]. See also [[:ru:6-я общевойсковая армия (Россия)]]</ref> |
In 2010, as part of the creation of the [[Western Military District]] / Western Operational-Strategic Command with headquarters at St. Petersburg, the army was reformed. The new 6th Army may include:<ref>[http://finam.fm/news/69276/ В Ленинградском Военном округе переформируются действующие части. Радио Финам ФМ<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->]. See also [[:ru:6-я общевойсковая армия (Россия)]]</ref> |
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* indigenous engineering brigade |
* indigenous engineering brigade |
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* SAM brigade |
* SAM brigade |
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| + | After the 2018 reforms, the army now controls the following: |
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| + | * Army Headquarters in Agalatovo under [[Major General]] [[Andrei Vladimirovich Kuzmenko]] |
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| + | * [[95th Command Brigade (Russia)|95th Command Brigade]] in Gorelovo |
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| + | * [[132nd Signals Brigade (Russia)|132nd Signals Brigade]] |
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| + | * [[25th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade|25th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] in Luga |
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| + | * [[138th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade|138th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] in Kamenka |
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| + | * [[9th Guards Artillery Brigade|9th Separate Guards Artillery Brigade]] in Luga |
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| + | * [[5th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade|5th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade]] in Luga |
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| + | * 30th Engineer Regiment in Kerro Village |
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| + | * [[51st Logistics Brigade (Russia)|51st Logistics Brigade]] in Saint Petersburg |
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| + | * 6th Separate Counter Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Regiment in Sapernoye |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Armies of the Soviet Army}} |
{{Armies of the Soviet Army}} |
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| + | |||
| + | {{Wikipedia|6th Army (Soviet Union)}} |
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[[Category:Field armies of the Soviet Union|006]] |
[[Category:Field armies of the Soviet Union|006]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:57, 19 September 2023
| 6th Army | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1939 - 1998, 2010- |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | Red Army, Soviet Army |
| Size | several corps or divisions |
| Part of | Leningrad Military District (1960-1998) |
| Garrison/HQ | Petrozavodsk (c.1960-1998) |
| Engagements | Soviet invasion of Poland (1939), Operation Barbarossa, Second Battle of Kharkov, others |
The 6th Army was a field army of the Soviet Red Army formed four times during World War II and active with the Russian Ground Forces up until 1998. It appears to have been reformed in 2010.
It was first formed in August, 1939 in the Kiev Special Military District from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).[1]
In September 1939 it participated in the Soviet invasion of Poland. At the beginning of war the Army (6th Rifle Corps, 37th Rifle Corps (which included the 80th, 139th, and 141st Rifle Divisions), 4th and 15th Mechanized Corps, 5th Cavalry Corps, 4th and 6th Fortified Regions, and a number of artillery and other units[2]) was deployed on the Lviv direction. It started the Second World War as part of the Soviet Southwestern Front. The army's headquarters was disbanded 10 August 1941 after the Battle of Uman. In this battle, the 6th Army was caught in a huge encirclement south of Kiev along with the 12th Army. It was immediately reformed within the Southern Front on the basis of 48th Rifle Corps and other units, and defended the west bank of the Dnepr River northwest of Dnipropetrovsk.[3] On 1 September 1941 it consisted of 169th, 226th, 230th, 255th, 273rd, and 275th Rifle Divisions, 26th and 28th Cavalry Divisions, 47 сп (15th NKVD Rifle Division), 269th, 274th, and 394th Corps Artillery Regiments, 522 гап б/м, 671st Artillery Regiment of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (ап РВГК), 14, 27 озад, and 8th Tank Division.[4] It was then transferred to the Soviet Southwestern Front and took part in defensive actions in the Donbas, the Barvenkovo-Lozovaia operation, and the Second Battle of Kharkov, but along with the 57th Army, was surrounded in the Izium pocket with the loss of 200,000 plus men in casualties alone, and afterwards formally disbanded.
The Army was reformed in July 1942 for the third time from the 6th Reserve Army, comprising the 45th, 99th, 141st, 160th, 174th, 212th, 219th, and 309th Rifle Divisions plus the 141st Rifle Brigade. It was assigned in sequence to the Voronezh, Southwestern, and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. In January 1943, the 6th Army smashed through the defensive lines of the Alpini divisions of the Italian 8th Army as part of Operation Little Saturn. In 1944 it took part in the Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih, Bereznogova-Snigorovka, and Odessa offensives. However, in June 1944 it was broken up again, and only reformed in December 1944 with troops posted in from 3rd Guards and 13th Armies. On 1 January 1945 the Army consisted of the 22nd Rifle Corps (218th and 273rd Rifle Divisions), the 74th Rifle Corps (181st and 309th Rifle Divisions), the 359th Rifle Division, the 77th Fortified Region, and other support units.[5]
During 1945 the Army took part in the Sandomierz-Silesia, and the Lower Silesia offensives. During the Lower Silesia offensive in February 1945, 6th Army, commanded by Marshal Ivan Koniev, besieged Fortress Breslau (Festung Breslau) in the Battle of Breslau. The army besieged the city as part of the Lower Silesian Offensive Operation on February 13, 1945, and the encirclement of Breslau was completed the following day. The 1st Ukrainian Front forces besieged the city with the 22nd and 74th Rifle Corps, and the 77th Fortified Region, as well as other smaller units. Even approximate estimates vary greatly concerning the number of German troops trapped in Breslau. Some sources claim that there were as many as 150,000 defenders, some 80,000 and some 50,000. The Siege of Breslau consisted of destructive house-to-house street fighting. The city was bombarded to ruin by artillery of the 6th Army, as well as the 2nd Air Army and the 18th Air Army. During the siege, both sides resorted to setting entire districts of the city on fire. 6th Army then fought in the Bresla offensive.
After the end of the Second World War, the 6th Army was withdrawn from Germany and stationed briefly in the Orlovskiy Military District before being disbanded in the Voronezh Military District late in 1945. Its second formation was (re)formed from Headquarters Northern Military District in May–June 1960 with headquarters at Petrozavodsk.[6] In 1988 it consisted of:[7]
- 37th Motor Rifle Division (Nagorniy/Нагорный) (Murmansk) including 31st, 54th Motor Rifle Regiments
- 54th Motor Rifle Division (Alakurtti) 82nd Guards Tank Regiment, 221st Guards и 251 (Кандалакша), 281st Motor Rifle Regiments, 441st Artillery Regimenta, 454 зрап
- 71st Motor Rifle Division (Petrozavodsk)
- 111th Motor Rifle Division (Sortavala), 91st Tank Regiment (Лахденпохья) 182* и 185 (Лахденпохья), 184 109 ап, 1037 зрап
- 131st Motor Rifle Division (Pechenga)
- 88th Independent Helicopter Squadron (Apatity, Murmansk Oblast, from 1977) Disbanded 1991 or 1994.[8] (Kirovsk-Apatity Airport)
- 840th Independent Engineer-Sapper Battalion
- and several other independent brigades, regiments, and battalions
In 1989 the 71st Motor Rifle Division became the 5186th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (БХВТ) (30th мотострелковая бригада), and the 37th similarly became a weapons and equipment storage base (VKhVT).[9] In 1994-95 the 111th Motor Rifle Division (Sortavala) became the 20th Independent Motor Rifle Brigade and shifted into the 30th Guards Army Corps.
In January 1996 it consisted of the 161st Artillery Brigade, the 182nd MRL Regiment, the 485th Separate Helicopter Regiment, the 54th Motor Rifle Division (Allakurtti), and the 131st Motor Rifle Division (Pechenga).[10] It finally disbanded after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1997–98.
In 2010, as part of the creation of the Western Military District / Western Operational-Strategic Command with headquarters at St. Petersburg, the army was reformed. The new 6th Army may include:[11]
- Headquarters Agalatovo
- 138th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
- 25th mechanized brigade
- 9th guards artillery brigade
- 380th guards MLRS regiment
- 268th guards artillery brigade
- indigenous engineering brigade
- SAM brigade
After the 2018 reforms, the army now controls the following:
- Army Headquarters in Agalatovo under Major General Andrei Vladimirovich Kuzmenko
- 95th Command Brigade in Gorelovo
- 132nd Signals Brigade
- 25th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in Luga
- 138th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in Kamenka
- 9th Separate Guards Artillery Brigade in Luga
- 5th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade in Luga
- 30th Engineer Regiment in Kerro Village
- 51st Logistics Brigade in Saint Petersburg
- 6th Separate Counter Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Regiment in Sapernoye
Notes
- ↑ 6th Army- б. Восточная (первоначально - Винницкая, затем - Волочиская армейская группа КОВО (0000 Там же, а также "Другая война. 1939-1945". М., 1996, с.248.) КОВО. Lenskii 2001.
- ↑ Leo Niehorster, Order of Battle, 22 June 1941
- ↑ Bonn/Glantz, Slaughterhouse, Aberjona Press, 2005, p.311
- ↑ tashv.nm.ru, [Combat composition of the Soviet Army, 1 September 1941], accessed October 2011
- ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1 January 1945
- ↑ Valentin Varennikov "Unique," Book 2, page 73.
- ↑ V.I. Feskov et al 2004, 58.
- ↑ Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/squadrons/ove/88ove.htm
- ↑ Feskov et al 2004, 104.
- ↑ Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline - Part 2,' Jane's Intelligence Review, October 1996, p.444
- ↑ В Ленинградском Военном округе переформируются действующие части. Радио Финам ФМ. See also ru:6-я общевойсковая армия (Россия)
References
- http://samsv.narod.ru/Arm/a06/arm.html
- Keith E. Bonn, Slaughterhouse: The Handbook of the Eastern Front, Aberjona Press, Bedford, PA, 2005
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The original article can be found at 6th Army (Soviet Union) and the edit history here.