BMD-2

BMD-2
Type	Airborne infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1985 – present
Used by	See Operators
Wars	See Service history
Production history
Designed	1981 – 1985
Manufacturer	Volgograd Tractor Plant
Produced	1985 – ? (out of production)
Variants	See Variants
Specifications (BMD-2)
Mass	11.5 tonnes
Length	7.85 m 6.74 m (without the gun)
Width	2.94 m
Height	2.45 m
Crew	4 (commander, driver, gunner and bow machine gunner) (+ 4 troopers)
Armor	Welded aluminium alloy 7 mm turret 15 mm at 78° upper hull front 15 mm at 50° lower hull front 10 mm rest of the hull
Main armament	30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon (300 rounds (180 AP and 120 HE)) 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher
Secondary armament	7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun 7.62 mm PKT bow tank machine gun 2,940 7.62 mm machine gun rounds
Engine	5D-20 6-cylinder 4-stroke V-shaped liquid cooled 15.9 liter diesel 241 hp (180 kW) at 2,600 rpm
Power/weight	21 hp/tonne (15.7 kW/tonne)
Suspension	torsion-bar
Ground clearance	Adjustable 100 mm to 450 mm
Fuel capacity	300 l
Operational range	450 km (road)
Maximum speed	80 km/h (road) 40 km/h (cross country) 10 km/h (swimming)

The BMD-2 is a Soviet airborne infantry fighting vehicle, which was introduced in 1985. It is a variant of BMD-1 with a new turret and some changes done to the hull. BMD stands for Boyevaya Mashina Desanta (Боевая Машина Десанта, literally "Airborne Combat Vehicle"). It was developed as a replacement of BMD-1 but it failed to replace it completely because of a downfall of Soviet economy in 1980s. NATO gave it the designation BMD M1981/1.

Development

When the Soviet war in Afghanistan broke out the Soviet forces operated BMP-1 IFVs and BMD-1 airborne IFVs. They were both armed with 73 mm 2A28 "Grom" low pressure smoothbore short-recoil semi-automatic gun, 9S428 ATGM launcher capable of firing 9M14 "Malyutka" (NATO: AT-3A Sagger A), 9M14M "Malyutka-M" (NATO: AT-3B Sagger B) and 9M14P "Malyutka-P" (NATO: AT-3C Sagger C) ATGMs and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun. Although their armament made for strong anti-tank firepower, it didn't provide sufficient firepower against enemy unarmored vehicles, infantry, firing points and light fortified positions, especially during mountain battles because of low elevation angle of the main gun.

In 1981 the units fighting in Afghanistan started receiving new BMP-2 IFVs. Its 30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon with two-belt loading system and very high elevation angle solved some of the serious drawbacks of the 73 mm 2A28 "Grom" gun. Also the 9S428 ATGM launcher was replaced by pintle-mounted 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher with semi-automatic control capable of firing SACLOS guided 9M113 "Konkurs" (AT-5 Spandrel), 9M113M "Konkurs-M" (AT-5B Spandrel B), 9M111 "Fagot" (AT-4 Spigot) and 9M111-2 "Fagot" (AT-4B Spigot B) ATGMs which proved to be much more effective and reliable than the MCLOS guided 9M14 "Malyutka" (AT-3 Sagger), 9M14M "Malyutka-M" (AT-3B Sagger B) and 9M14P "Malyutka-P" (AT-3C Sagger C) ATGMs. Because of that the high command of Soviet airborne forces decided to arm their units with similar vehicles.

In the beginning it became obvious that the hull of BMD-1 was too small for the BMP-2 turret. Therefore it was decided to design two vehicles. The first one was supposed to satisfy the immediate need of a new airborne IFV by modifying the BMD-1/BMP-1 turret, arming it with the same armament as the one on the BMP-2 and then fitting it onto the BMD-1 hull. The second vehicle was supposed to be much bigger to allow fitting of the BMP-2 turret and later became the BMD-3.

The modernized variant of BMD-1 was developed in 1983 and incorporated the new B-30 turret armed with 30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon, 7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun and pintle-mounted 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher. After it passed the trials it entered production in 1985.

Description

Overview

Main article: BMD-1#Overview

BMD-2 has a slightly modernized BMD-1 hull and a new turret.

Crew

Main article: BMD-1#Crew

The BMD-2's crew is the same as the one in BMD-1 with slight changes like the fact that the commander no longer operates the left bow-mounted 7.62 mm PKT tank machine gun which was removed because the trials proved that he is too consumed by his primary duties to accurately fire it. He also received the R-123M radio set for communication.

The new turret seats the gunner on the left hand side of the main gun. On top of the turret there's one single piece circular hatch opening to the front. Located in front of the said hatch is the gunner's sight which is the same one as the one used in BMP-2. Another gunner's sight is located on the left hand side of the main gun and moves in vertical planes along with it. It is a high angle of fire sight used when the gunner is aiming at air targets. The vehicle also has additional periscopes that provide it with vision on the sides. A white searchlight is mounted in front of the turret.

Turret

The B-30 turret is a modified version of the BMP-1/BMD-1 turret.

Armament

The vehicle is armed with stabilized 30 mm 2A42 multi-purpose autocannon and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial tank machine gun (mounted on the right hand side of the main gun). The vehicle carries 300 rounds for the main gun (180 AP and 120 HE) and 2,940 rounds for the machine gun. The main gun can be elevated or depressed between 75° and -5° and can be used to fire at air targets. The turret is also armed with pintle-mounted 9P135M-1 ATGM launcher, on the right hand side of the roof of the turret, with semi-automatic control capable of firing SACLOS guided 9M113 "Konkurs" (AT-5 Spandrel), 9M113M "Konkurs-M" (AT-5B Spandrel B), 9M111 "Fagot" (AT-4 Spigot) and 9M111-2 "Fagot" (AT-4B Spigot B) ATGMs.

Maneuverability

Main article: BMD-1#Maneuverability

The BMD-2 has the same engine and same suspension as the BMD-1 but it has a maximum road operational range of 450 km.

Amphibious ability

Main article: BMD-1#Amphibious ability

Armour protection

The BMD-2's armour is composed of aluminium as combat experience gained during the Soviet war in Afghanistan proved that the BMD-1's cast magnesium alloy itself would catch fire and burn fiercely, often killing the crew, when hit with a weapon such as an RPG.

Armour thickness is 7 mm on the turret, 15 mm on the front of the hull and 10 mm on the rest of the hull. Hull's front armour has two sections: upper and lower. The upper section is angled at 78° while the lower one is angled at 50°. It's resistant to small arms fire and shrapnel.

Troop compartment

Main article: BMD-1#Troop compartment

Equipment

Main article: BMD-1#Equipment

The BMD-2 has the same equipment except for the R-123 radio set which was replaced by the R-123M radio set.

Air-drop techniques

Main article: BMD-1#Air-drop techniques

Service history

BMD-2 entered service with Soviet airborne forces in 1985. They took part in Soviet war in Afghanistan. Later they were used by Russian airborne units of SFOR including the Russian airborne brigade stationed in Tojsici which supported the Operation Joint Guard. It is also used by Russian airborne units stationed in Abkhazia. BMD-2s were also employed by Russian 234th Airborne Assault Regiment in the Russia-Georgia War in 2008, one of their number being lost in action.

Variants

• BMD-2 (Ob'yekt 916) - The basic model
  • BMD-2K (K stands for komandirskaya - command) - Command variant fitted with an additional antennae.
  • BMD-2M - BMD-2 modernization. It features a number of improvements including fitting of smoke grenade launchers to the side of the turret.

Operators

• Iraq - 250 as of 2012.^{[citation needed]}
• India -^{[citation needed]}
• Russia - About 849 in active service and more than 1,500 in storage.
• Ukraine - 63 in 1995 and 78 in 2000 and 2005.
• Uzbekistan - 9 in 2000 and 2005.

Former operators

• Soviet Union - Passed on to successor states.

See also

• BMD-1
• BMD-3
• BMP-1
• BMP-2
• BMP-3
• List of AFVs
• VDV