| Battle of Landriano | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the War of the League of Cognac | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of France Republic of Florence Duchy of Milan |
| ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Comte de St. Pol (POW) | Antonio de Leyva | ||||||
The Battle of Landriano took place on 21 June 1529, between the French army under Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol and the Spanish army commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova[2] in the context of the War of the League of Cognac. The French army was destroyed and marked the end of the ambitions of Francis I of France to vie for control of northern Italy with Charles I of Spain.[3]
Background
In 1528 the Genoese Admiral, Andrea Doria, after deserting in favour of Charles, managed to break up the French siege of Naples; his efforts were helped by the plague, which decimated the French besiegers, among them General Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, who died on 15 August.[4] After his death, the French army was commanded by the Giovanni Ludovico of Saluzzo, who, under the circumstances ordered his troops to withdraw on 29 August, but eventually the Spanish-Imperial forces led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange, caught up with them and decimated them.[4] Shortly after the whole French army in the south of Italy capitulated.[2]
Between August 1528 and June 1529, intense diplomatic activities between King Francis and the Emperor resulted in the Treaty of Barcelona.[4]
Coat of arms of the Count of St. Pol.
The Battle
On 21 June 1529 King Francis I still had his troops stationed in Landriano, a region of Lombardy, near Pavia, scene of the decisive confrontation which resulted in a total French defeat in Italy.[2]
The Count of St. Pol's reserve French troops were intercepted and neutralised by the Spanish troops commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova.[3] The French army was left destroyed, which ended Francis's hopes of regaining his hold on Italy.[5] The French commander, Francis de Bourbon, was also captured, leaving the Duchy of Milan under the complete control of the Emperor.[3]
Hostilities continued however, although without any French participation, with the Spanish-Imperial army led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange, against the Republic of Florence and installing Alessandro de' Medici as the ruler of Florence.[6]
Consequences
With France's defeat in Landriano and the Treaty of Barcelona, Francis I of France felt obliged to begin negotiations with the Emperor.[2]
On 3 August, the Queen mother of France, Louise of Savoy and the Emperor's aunt, Margaret of Austria, signed the Treaty of Cambrai.[2] Francis obtained the restitution of his sons,[3] but on the condition that he had to abandon Italy,[3] persuade the Venetians and the Duke of Ferrara to restore the occupied lands to the Emperor and the Pope Clement VII,[3] not to interfere in the affairs of Italy and Germany,[3] and to cooperate in the fight against the Protestants,[3] to provide compensation of 200,000 ducats[3] and send 4 ships, 12 galleys and 4 galleons for when the Emperor planned to go to Italy for his coronation.[3]
The Treaty made no reference to the Duchy of Burgundy, evening out with this silence the humiliating situation that was put to Francis in the Treaty of Madrid.[2][3]
See also
- Siege of Florence (1529–1530)
- List of Governors of the Duchy of Milan
Notes
References
- Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente. España en Italia. La Herencia Imperial de Carlos V en Italia: El Milanesado (1978) Madrid.
- Hassall, Arthur. France Mediaeval and Modern a History [1] (2009) BiblioBazaar. LLC.
- Konstam, Angus. Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars. Oxford: Osprey Publishing (1996) ISBN 1-85532-504-7
- Taylor, Frederick Lewis. The Art of War in Italy (1494–1529). Greenwood Press (1973) ISBN 0-8371-5025-6
- Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of Italy. Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1984) ISBN 0-691-00800-0
- Blockmans, Wim. Emperor Charles V (1500–1558). Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford University Press (2002) ISBN 0-340-73110-9
The original article can be found at Battle of Landriano and the edit history here.