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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
<!--This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout.-->{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
 
 
|name = Baron
 
|name = Baron
 
|image = Beechcraft Baron 58.jpg
 
|image = Beechcraft Baron 58.jpg
 
|caption = Beechcraft Baron 58P
 
|caption = Beechcraft Baron 58P
 
}}
 
}}
{{Infobox Aircraft Type
+
{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = Civil [[utility aircraft]]
+
|type = Civil utility aircraft
 
|national origin= [[United States|United States of America]]
 
|national origin= [[United States|United States of America]]
|manufacturer = [[Beechcraft]]
+
|manufacturer = Beechcraft
 
|designer =
 
|designer =
 
|first flight = 29 February 1960 <ref name="Janes 76 p214">Taylor 1976, p.214.</ref>
 
|first flight = 29 February 1960 <ref name="Janes 76 p214">Taylor 1976, p.214.</ref>
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|produced = 1961-present
 
|produced = 1961-present
 
|number built =
 
|number built =
|unit cost = $1,095,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalaviationguide.com/2012-beech-baron-g58-aircraft-sales/ |title=2012 Beech Baron G58 |publisher=Globalaviationguide.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-04}}</ref> (2012)
+
|unit cost = $1,095,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalaviationguide.com/2012-beech-baron-g58-aircraft-sales/ |title=2012 Beech Baron G58 |publisher=Globalaviationguide.com |accessdate=2012-08-04}}</ref> (2012)
 
|developed from = [[Beechcraft Travel Air]]
 
|developed from = [[Beechcraft Travel Air]]
 
|variants= 55, 56, 58
 
|variants= 55, 56, 58
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|}
 
|}
   
The '''Beechcraft Baron''' is a light, twin-engined piston aircraft originally developed by [[Beechcraft|Beech Aircraft Corporation]] and currently manufactured by the Hawker Beechcraft Corporation, an [[Onex Corporation|Onex Holding Corporation]]. The Baron is a variant of the [[Beechcraft Bonanza]], more specifically the [[Beechcraft Travel Air|Travel Air]], and was introduced in 1961. Beech also offered a [[Beechcraft Twin Bonanza|Twin Bonanza]] line; they featured some design commonality with the Bonanzas, but in all respects were entirely different airplanes and could not be considered to be true "Twin Bonanzas".
+
The '''Beechcraft Baron''' is a light, twin-engined piston aircraft originally developed by Beech Aircraft Corporation and currently manufactured by the Hawker Beechcraft Corporation, an Onex Holding Corporation. The Baron is a variant of the [[Beechcraft Bonanza]], more specifically the [[Beechcraft Travel Air|Travel Air]], and was introduced in 1961. Beech also offered a [[Beechcraft Twin Bonanza|Twin Bonanza]] line; they featured some design commonality with the Bonanzas, but in all respects were entirely different airplanes and could not be considered to be true "Twin Bonanzas".
 
 
==Design and development==
 
==Design and development==
 
[[File:Baron 55 cockpit.jpg|thumb|right|An almost original cockpit of a 1964 Baron 55 (note that the GNX 200, KLN 89B and fuel flow monitor were not factory installations).]]
 
[[File:Baron 55 cockpit.jpg|thumb|right|An almost original cockpit of a 1964 Baron 55 (note that the GNX 200, KLN 89B and fuel flow monitor were not factory installations).]]
   
The direct predecessor of the Baron was the [[Beechcraft Travel Air|Beechcraft 95 Travel Air]], which incorporated the fuselage of the Bonanza and the tail control surfaces of the [[T-34 Mentor]] military trainer. To create the new airplane, the Travel Air's tail was replaced with that of the [[Beechcraft Debonair]], the engine [[nacelle]]s were [[streamliner|streamlined]], six-cylinder engines were added, and the aircraft's name was changed. In 1960, the [[Piper PA-23|Piper Aztec]] was introduced, utilizing two, 250&nbsp;hp [[Lycoming O-540]] engines; Cessna too had improved their [[Cessna 310|310]] with two [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470 D]], producing 260&nbsp;hp. Meanwhile, Beechcraft's [[Beechcraft Bonanza|Bonanza]] had been improved with a [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470-N]], but the answer to competition was to make a true Twin Bonanza. The first model, the 55, was powered by two, six-cylinder [[Continental O-470|IO-470-L]] engines, producing 260&nbsp;hp at 2,625rpm; it was introduced in 1961. It included the fully swept vertical stabilizer of the Debonair, while still retaining the four to four+five place seating of the Travel Air.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
The direct predecessor of the Baron was the [[Beechcraft Travel Air|Beechcraft 95 Travel Air]], which incorporated the fuselage of the Bonanza and the tail control surfaces of the [[T-34 Mentor]] military trainer. To create the new airplane, the Travel Air's tail was replaced with that of the [[Beechcraft Debonair]], the engine nacelles were [[streamliner|streamlined]], six-cylinder engines were added, and the aircraft's name was changed. In 1960, the [[Piper PA-23|Piper Aztec]] was introduced, utilizing two, 250&nbsp;hp [[Lycoming O-540]] engines; Cessna too had improved their [[Cessna 310|310]] with two [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470 D]], producing 260&nbsp;hp. Meanwhile, Beechcraft's [[Beechcraft Bonanza|Bonanza]] had been improved with a [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470-N]], but the answer to competition was to make a true Twin Bonanza. The first model, the 55, was powered by two, six-cylinder [[Continental O-470|IO-470-L]] engines, producing 260&nbsp;hp at 2,625rpm; it was introduced in 1961. It included the fully swept vertical stabilizer of the Debonair, while still retaining the four to four+five place seating of the Travel Air.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
 
 
Since its inception, the Baron has always been near the top of the light airplane hierarchy. In 2008 a new Baron costs roughly $1,040,000. As expensive to operate as it is to buy, the 'next step up' from a Baron is a very big one. Faster aircraft, with greater range and more load-carrying capability are generally turbine-powered and far more expensive.<ref name="beechcraft-berlin.de">[http://www.beechcraft-berlin.de/art/new/pdf/2008_HBC_Baron_G58_Product_Report.pdf Beechcraft Baron G58. Product Analysis. Hawker Beechcraft Corporation.]</ref><ref>[http://www.beechcraft-berlin.de/art/new/pdf/2008_HBC_King_Air_C90GTi_Report.pdf Beechcraft King Air C90GTi. Product Analysis. Hawker Beechcraft Corporation.]</ref> The older Baron variants, mainly the 55 series, have dropped little in value, with their fair market prices numerically equal to that of their original pricing, in today's dollars.<ref>http://www.aopa.org/members/vref/vref3.cfm</ref>
 
Since its inception, the Baron has always been near the top of the light airplane hierarchy. In 2008 a new Baron costs roughly $1,040,000. As expensive to operate as it is to buy, the 'next step up' from a Baron is a very big one. Faster aircraft, with greater range and more load-carrying capability are generally turbine-powered and far more expensive.<ref name="beechcraft-berlin.de">[http://www.beechcraft-berlin.de/art/new/pdf/2008_HBC_Baron_G58_Product_Report.pdf Beechcraft Baron G58. Product Analysis. Hawker Beechcraft Corporation.]</ref><ref>[http://www.beechcraft-berlin.de/art/new/pdf/2008_HBC_King_Air_C90GTi_Report.pdf Beechcraft King Air C90GTi. Product Analysis. Hawker Beechcraft Corporation.]</ref> The older Baron variants, mainly the 55 series, have dropped little in value, with their fair market prices numerically equal to that of their original pricing, in today's dollars.<ref>http://www.aopa.org/members/vref/vref3.cfm</ref>
   
 
==Variants==
 
==Variants==
Barons come in three basic types: the Baron 55 (short body), Baron 56 (short body) and Baron 58 (long body), with several sub-variants each.
+
Barons come in three basic types: the Baron 55 (short body), Baron 56 (short body) and Baron 58 (long body), with several sub-variants each.
 
{{clear}}
 
{{clear}}
  +
 
===Baron 55===
 
===Baron 55===
 
[[File:Two Beechcraft 55.jpg|thumb|right|Two Baron 55's flying in formation with a 1980-built B55 nearest.]]
 
[[File:Two Beechcraft 55.jpg|thumb|right|Two Baron 55's flying in formation with a 1980-built B55 nearest.]]
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[[File:Beech.baron.arp.jpg|thumb|right|Beechcraft Model E55 Baron]]
 
[[File:Beech.baron.arp.jpg|thumb|right|Beechcraft Model E55 Baron]]
   
The early '''Baron 55''', '''A55''' and '''B55''' were fitted with 260&nbsp;hp (194&nbsp;kW) [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470]] engines and had gross weights of 4880 to 5100&nbsp;lb (2,200 to 2,300&nbsp;kg). These had a typical cruise speed of 190 [[knot (unit)|knot]]s (350&nbsp;km/h) at 7000&nbsp;ft (2100 m), and came with 116 or 136 [[US gallon]] (440 or 515 L) fuel tanks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
The early '''Baron 55''', '''A55''' and '''B55''' were fitted with 260&nbsp;hp (194&nbsp;kW) [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470]] engines and had gross weights of 4880 to 5100&nbsp;lb (2,200 to 2,300&nbsp;kg). These had a typical cruise speed of 190 knots (350&nbsp;km/h) at 7000&nbsp;ft (2100 m), and came with 116 or 136 US gallon (440 or 515 L) fuel tanks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
The '''55C''', '''55D''' and '''55E''' models had an increased cruise speed of 200 knots (370&nbsp;km/h) due to the 285&nbsp;hp (213&nbsp;kW) Continental IO520s. The gross weights of these later models increased to 5300&nbsp;lb (2400&nbsp;kg). They were about a foot (0.3 m) longer than the 55B Barons, and came with 136, 142, or 166 US gallon (515 or 628 L) fuel tanks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
The '''55C''', '''55D''' and '''55E''' models had an increased cruise speed of 200 knots (370&nbsp;km/h) due to the 285&nbsp;hp (213&nbsp;kW) Continental IO520s. The gross weights of these later models increased to 5300&nbsp;lb (2400&nbsp;kg). They were about a foot (0.3 m) longer than the 55B Barons, and came with 136, 142, or 166 US gallon (515 or 628 L) fuel tanks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
Model 55 Barons were produced from 1961 to 1983, and some 3155 were produced.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
Model 55 Barons were produced from 1961 to 1983, and some 3155 were produced.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
 
;Model 95-55 Baron: Baron prototype.
 
;Model 95-55 Baron: Baron prototype.
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;C55:{{anchor|C55}} Built 1966 through 1967. Four to six seats. Powered by two, 285-hp [[Continental O-520|Continental IO-520-C]] piston engines. Increased performance over the B55. Nose lengthened to accommodate more baggage, avionic equipment, and to improve weight and balance. Crack prone engine air intake box design changed. Alternators changed from belt driven to gear driven. 451 aircraft built. Priced at $68,350 in 1966.<ref>Ball 1994, p.165.</ref>
 
;C55:{{anchor|C55}} Built 1966 through 1967. Four to six seats. Powered by two, 285-hp [[Continental O-520|Continental IO-520-C]] piston engines. Increased performance over the B55. Nose lengthened to accommodate more baggage, avionic equipment, and to improve weight and balance. Crack prone engine air intake box design changed. Alternators changed from belt driven to gear driven. 451 aircraft built. Priced at $68,350 in 1966.<ref>Ball 1994, p.165.</ref>
 
;D55:{{anchor|D55}} Built 1968 through 1969. Four to six seats. Introduced new paint scheme and 'speed-slope' windshield. Changed to three blade props and a different flap configuration. 316 aircraft built. Priced at $73,950 in 1968.<ref>Ball 1994, p.176.</ref>
 
;D55:{{anchor|D55}} Built 1968 through 1969. Four to six seats. Introduced new paint scheme and 'speed-slope' windshield. Changed to three blade props and a different flap configuration. 316 aircraft built. Priced at $73,950 in 1968.<ref>Ball 1994, p.176.</ref>
;E55:{{anchor|E55}} Introduced in 1970, run through 1982. Four to six seats. Incorporated new paint scheme and interior design. Improved avionics and panel. Wing-tip lights an rotating beacon made flush; new entrance step. Also added were 172 [[US gallon]] (166 usable) interconnected tanks with one fill cap per wing became an option in 1976. 433 built. Priced at $83,950 in 1970, $219,500 in 1982.
+
;E55:{{anchor|E55}} Introduced in 1970, run through 1982. Four to six seats. Incorporated new paint scheme and interior design. Improved avionics and panel. Wing-tip lights an rotating beacon made flush; new entrance step. Also added were 172 US gallon (166 usable) interconnected tanks with one fill cap per wing became an option in 1976. 433 built. Priced at $83,950 in 1970, $219,500 in 1982.
   
 
===Baron 56TC===
 
===Baron 56TC===
 
[[File:Beechcraft Baron 56TC.jpg|thumb|right|An early Baron 56TC seen in-flight.]]
 
[[File:Beechcraft Baron 56TC.jpg|thumb|right|An early Baron 56TC seen in-flight.]]
In 1967, Beechcraft had begun development of a faster, pressurized twin, the [[Beechcraft Duke|Model 60 Duke]]; the Duke was to go head-to-head with Cessna's [[Cessna 310|320 Skyknight]]. The Duke was to use two turbocharged 380-hp [[Lycoming TIO-541|Lycoming TIO-541-E1A4]] engines, therefore, Beech wanted experience working with, and flying the new engine. The engine was the 380-hp [[Lycoming O-540|Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4]], Beech produced in limited quantities, fitted to a modified Baron E55, becoming the 56TC (that prototype, EG-1, was later retired after certification). The result of the 56TC came as planned, it proved a good testbed and experience building model for the Duke's development. However, it was a noticeably loud airplane, especially so for a Beechcraft. Along with its increased noise, the 56TC saw, throughout its production, and increase in structural build to compensate for the higher power. When introduced in 1967, it was the fastest Beech aircraft, rivaling even the early King Airs sold at the time. The Baron 56TC was built between 1967 and 1971, seeing its fate come from the Duke, and the Baron 58, which was introduced in 1970.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
In 1967, Beechcraft had begun development of a faster, pressurized twin, the [[Beechcraft Duke|Model 60 Duke]]; the Duke was to go head-to-head with Cessna's [[Cessna 310|320 Skyknight]]. The Duke was to use two turbocharged 380-hp [[Lycoming TIO-541|Lycoming TIO-541-E1A4]] engines, therefore, Beech wanted experience working with, and flying the new engine. The engine was the 380-hp [[Lycoming O-540|Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4]], Beech produced in limited quantities, fitted to a modified Baron E55, becoming the 56TC (that prototype, EG-1, was later retired after certification). The result of the 56TC came as planned, it proved a good testbed and experience building model for the Duke's development. However, it was a noticeably loud airplane, especially so for a Beechcraft. Along with its increased noise, the 56TC saw, throughout its production, and increase in structural build to compensate for the higher power. When introduced in 1967, it was the fastest Beech aircraft, rivaling even the early King Airs sold at the time. The Baron 56TC was built between 1967 and 1971, seeing its fate come from the Duke, and the Baron 58, which was introduced in 1970.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
 
;56TC: Introduced in 1967, built until the 1969 model year. Four to six seats. Power came from two 380-hp (283-kW) [[Lycoming TIO-541|Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4]] turbocharged piston engines. 81 aircraft sold. Priced at $89,950 in 1967.<ref>Ball 1994, p.364.</ref>
 
;56TC: Introduced in 1967, built until the 1969 model year. Four to six seats. Power came from two 380-hp (283-kW) [[Lycoming TIO-541|Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4]] turbocharged piston engines. 81 aircraft sold. Priced at $89,950 in 1967.<ref>Ball 1994, p.364.</ref>
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[[File:Beechcraft Baron 58TC.jpg|thumb|The turbocharged 58TC variant.]]
 
[[File:Beechcraft Baron 58TC.jpg|thumb|The turbocharged 58TC variant.]]
 
[[File:Baron-g-bnun-bma-2.jpg|thumb|right|1980 Baron 58PA of BMI]]
 
[[File:Baron-g-bnun-bma-2.jpg|thumb|right|1980 Baron 58PA of BMI]]
Introduced for the model year 1969,<ref name="Ball 1994, p.246">Ball 1994, p.246.</ref> the larger, more powerful '''Baron 58''' was developed from the Baron 55, introducing club seating, double aft baggage doors, and new gross weight of 5,400&nbsp;lbs. Depending on the variant, the Baron 58 is fitted with either the [[Continental O-520|Continental IO-520]] or [[Continental IO-550|IO-550]] 300-hp engine. The Baron 58 can cruise at 200 knots (370&nbsp;km/h) at 7000&nbsp;ft (2100 m). The lengthening of the fuselage increased rear baggage space, as well as providing more comfortable six-place seating over the Baron 55 and 56TC.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
Introduced for the model year 1969,<ref name="Ball 1994, p.246">Ball 1994, p.246.</ref> the larger, more powerful '''Baron 58''' was developed from the Baron 55, introducing club seating, double aft baggage doors, and new gross weight of 5,400&nbsp;lbs. Depending on the variant, the Baron 58 is fitted with either the [[Continental O-520|Continental IO-520]] or [[Continental IO-550|IO-550]] 300-hp engine. The Baron 58 can cruise at 200 knots (370&nbsp;km/h) at 7000&nbsp;ft (2100 m). The lengthening of the fuselage increased rear baggage space, as well as providing more comfortable six-place seating over the Baron 55 and 56TC.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
In 1976, the turbocharged '''Baron 58TC''' and [[cabin pressurization|pressurized]] '''Baron 58P''' were introduced. These variants were powered by turbocharged [[Continental O-520|Continental TIO-520s]] of 310&ndash;325&nbsp;hp (230&ndash;240&nbsp;kW), had an increased 6100&ndash;6200&nbsp;lb (about 2800&nbsp;kg) gross weight, and were certified under FAR23 with a new type certificate. The Baron 58P/58TC models were capable of cruising at 200 knots (370&nbsp;km/h) at 8000&nbsp;ft (2400 m) and 220 knots (410&nbsp;km/h) at 20000&nbsp;ft (6100 m), and were typically equipped with 190 US gallon (719 L) fuel tanks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
In 1976, the turbocharged '''Baron 58TC''' and pressurized '''Baron 58P''' were introduced. These variants were powered by turbocharged [[Continental O-520|Continental TIO-520s]] of 310&ndash;325&nbsp;hp (230&ndash;240&nbsp;kW), had an increased 6100&ndash;6200&nbsp;lb (about 2800&nbsp;kg) gross weight, and were certified under FAR23 with a new type certificate. The Baron 58P/58TC models were capable of cruising at 200 knots (370&nbsp;km/h) at 8000&nbsp;ft (2400 m) and 220 knots (410&nbsp;km/h) at 20000&nbsp;ft (6100 m), and were typically equipped with 190 US gallon (719 L) fuel tanks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
A big change in panel/system layout on 58/58TC/58P occurred in 1984, including relocating throttle, gear, flap, propeller and mixture controls to industry-standard positions.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
A big change in panel/system layout on 58/58TC/58P occurred in 1984, including relocating throttle, gear, flap, propeller and mixture controls to industry-standard positions.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
 
Although the turbocharged 58TC/58P variants were discontinued in 1984 and 1985, respectively, the normally aspirated Baron 58 was still in production as of 2010.<ref name="http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/baron_g58/">[http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/baron_g58/ Hawker Beechcraft Official Site]</ref>
 
Although the turbocharged 58TC/58P variants were discontinued in 1984 and 1985, respectively, the normally aspirated Baron 58 was still in production as of 2010.<ref name="http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/baron_g58/">[http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/beechcraft/baron_g58/ Hawker Beechcraft Official Site]</ref>
   
The current production version is the '''G58''', featuring a [[glass cockpit]], improved passenger cabin and changes to selected airframe details.<ref name="beechcraft-berlin.de" />
+
The current production version is the '''G58''', featuring a glass cockpit, improved passenger cabin and changes to selected airframe details.<ref name="beechcraft-berlin.de" />
   
 
;58 Baron: Original variant, introduced in 1969 and run through 2004 (production continued as G58). Four to six seats. Powered by two 285-hp Continental IO-520-C or Continental IO-550-C piston engines.<ref name="Ball 1994, p.246"/>
 
;58 Baron: Original variant, introduced in 1969 and run through 2004 (production continued as G58). Four to six seats. Powered by two 285-hp Continental IO-520-C or Continental IO-550-C piston engines.<ref name="Ball 1994, p.246"/>
 
;58P Baron: Introduced 1976, run through 1985. Pressurized cabin, powered by two Continental TSIO-520-L turbocharged piston engines. 494 aircraft built. Priced at $200,750 in 1976.<ref>Ball 1994, p.444, 449.</ref>
 
;58P Baron: Introduced 1976, run through 1985. Pressurized cabin, powered by two Continental TSIO-520-L turbocharged piston engines. 494 aircraft built. Priced at $200,750 in 1976.<ref>Ball 1994, p.444, 449.</ref>
 
;58TC Baron: Introduced in 1976, run through 1984. Turbocharged engines, powered by 310&nbsp;hp Continental TSIO-520-L engines. First flew October 31, 1975. 149 aircraft built. Priced at $170,750 in 1976.<ref>Ball 1994, p.395.</ref>
 
;58TC Baron: Introduced in 1976, run through 1984. Turbocharged engines, powered by 310&nbsp;hp Continental TSIO-520-L engines. First flew October 31, 1975. 149 aircraft built. Priced at $170,750 in 1976.<ref>Ball 1994, p.395.</ref>
;G58 Baron: Introduced in 2005, currently in production. Essentially same aircraft as the 58 Baron, with [[Garmin G1000]] glass cockpit avionics.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}
+
;G58 Baron: Introduced in 2005, currently in production. Essentially same aircraft as the 58 Baron, with [[Garmin G1000]] glass cockpit avionics.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
   
 
===T-42A Cochise (95-B55B)===
 
===T-42A Cochise (95-B55B)===
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;{{CAF}}
 
;{{CAF}}
 
;{{COL}}
 
;{{COL}}
;{{CHI}}
+
;{{CHL}}
 
;{{HAI}}: [[Armed Forces of Haiti]]
 
;{{HAI}}: [[Armed Forces of Haiti]]
 
;{{MEX}}
 
;{{MEX}}
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|more general=
 
|more general=
 
|engine (prop)=[[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470-L]]
 
|engine (prop)=[[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470-L]]
|type of prop=air-cooled six-cylinder horizontally opposed [[piston engine]]
+
|type of prop=air-cooled six-cylinder horizontally opposed piston engine
 
|number of props=2
 
|number of props=2
 
|power main= 260 hp
 
|power main= 260 hp
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|never exceed speed main=
 
|never exceed speed main=
 
|never exceed speed alt=
 
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main= 942 [[nautical mile|nmi]]
+
|range main= 942 nmi
 
|range alt=1,746 km, 1,085 miles
 
|range alt=1,746 km, 1,085 miles
 
|range more=65% power at 10,500 ft (3,200 m), 45 min reserves
 
|range more=65% power at 10,500 ft (3,200 m), 45 min reserves
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==See also==
 
==See also==
{{aircontent
 
|related=
 
 
* [[Beechcraft Bonanza]]
 
* [[Beechcraft Bonanza]]
 
* [[Beechcraft Travel Air]]
 
* [[Beechcraft Travel Air]]
* [[Bay Super V Bonanza]]
+
* [[Bay Super V Bonanza]]
|similar aircraft=
 
 
*[[Beechcraft Twin Bonanza]]
 
*[[Beechcraft Twin Bonanza]]
 
*[[Cessna 310]]
 
*[[Cessna 310]]
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*[[Piper Seneca]]
 
*[[Piper Seneca]]
 
*[[Let L-200 Morava]]
 
*[[Let L-200 Morava]]
|sequence=
 
|lists=
 
 
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
 
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
|see also=
 
}}
 
   
 
==References==
 
==References==
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* [http://www.beechtalk.com BeechTalk.com Beechcraft Owners and Pilots Group and Discussion Forum]
 
* [http://www.beechtalk.com BeechTalk.com Beechcraft Owners and Pilots Group and Discussion Forum]
 
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/t-42.htm GlobalSecurity.org: T-42 Cochise]
 
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/t-42.htm GlobalSecurity.org: T-42 Cochise]
 
{{Beechcraft}}
 
 
{{USAF trainer aircraft}}
 
{{USAF trainer aircraft}}
  +
{{aviation lists}}
 
 
{{Wikipedia|Beechcraft Baron}}
   
 
[[Category:Beechcraft aircraft|Baron]]
 
[[Category:Beechcraft aircraft|Baron]]
[[Category:United States civil utility aircraft 1960–1969]]
+
[[Category:1960s United States civil utility aircraft]]
 
[[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]]
 
[[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]]
 
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
 
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 01:57, 3 February 2020

Baron
Beechcraft Baron 58
Beechcraft Baron 58P
Role Civil utility aircraft
National origin United States of America
Manufacturer Beechcraft
First flight 29 February 1960 [1]
Status In production
Produced 1961-present
Unit cost
$1,095,000[2] (2012)
Developed from Beechcraft Travel Air

The Beechcraft Baron is a light, twin-engined piston aircraft originally developed by Beech Aircraft Corporation and currently manufactured by the Hawker Beechcraft Corporation, an Onex Holding Corporation. The Baron is a variant of the Beechcraft Bonanza, more specifically the Travel Air, and was introduced in 1961. Beech also offered a Twin Bonanza line; they featured some design commonality with the Bonanzas, but in all respects were entirely different airplanes and could not be considered to be true "Twin Bonanzas".

Design and development

Baron 55 cockpit

An almost original cockpit of a 1964 Baron 55 (note that the GNX 200, KLN 89B and fuel flow monitor were not factory installations).

The direct predecessor of the Baron was the Beechcraft 95 Travel Air, which incorporated the fuselage of the Bonanza and the tail control surfaces of the T-34 Mentor military trainer. To create the new airplane, the Travel Air's tail was replaced with that of the Beechcraft Debonair, the engine nacelles were streamlined, six-cylinder engines were added, and the aircraft's name was changed. In 1960, the Piper Aztec was introduced, utilizing two, 250 hp Lycoming O-540 engines; Cessna too had improved their 310 with two Continental IO-470 D, producing 260 hp. Meanwhile, Beechcraft's Bonanza had been improved with a Continental IO-470-N, but the answer to competition was to make a true Twin Bonanza. The first model, the 55, was powered by two, six-cylinder IO-470-L engines, producing 260 hp at 2,625rpm; it was introduced in 1961. It included the fully swept vertical stabilizer of the Debonair, while still retaining the four to four+five place seating of the Travel Air.[citation needed] Since its inception, the Baron has always been near the top of the light airplane hierarchy. In 2008 a new Baron costs roughly $1,040,000. As expensive to operate as it is to buy, the 'next step up' from a Baron is a very big one. Faster aircraft, with greater range and more load-carrying capability are generally turbine-powered and far more expensive.[3][4] The older Baron variants, mainly the 55 series, have dropped little in value, with their fair market prices numerically equal to that of their original pricing, in today's dollars.[5]

Variants

Barons come in three basic types: the Baron 55 (short body), Baron 56 (short body) and Baron 58 (long body), with several sub-variants each.

Baron 55

Two Beechcraft 55

Two Baron 55's flying in formation with a 1980-built B55 nearest.

1966 Baron B55

A 1966 Baron B55 in the factory paint scheme.

Beech.baron

Beechcraft Model E55 Baron

The early Baron 55, A55 and B55 were fitted with 260 hp (194 kW) Continental IO-470 engines and had gross weights of 4880 to 5100 lb (2,200 to 2,300 kg). These had a typical cruise speed of 190 knots (350 km/h) at 7000 ft (2100 m), and came with 116 or 136 US gallon (440 or 515 L) fuel tanks.[citation needed]

The 55C, 55D and 55E models had an increased cruise speed of 200 knots (370 km/h) due to the 285 hp (213 kW) Continental IO520s. The gross weights of these later models increased to 5300 lb (2400 kg). They were about a foot (0.3 m) longer than the 55B Barons, and came with 136, 142, or 166 US gallon (515 or 628 L) fuel tanks.[citation needed]

Model 55 Barons were produced from 1961 to 1983, and some 3155 were produced.[citation needed]

Model 95-55 Baron
Baron prototype.
55
Introduced 1961. Four to five seat, twin engined transport, powered by two 260-hp Continental IO-470-l six cylinder piston engines. 190 units built. Priced at $58,250.[6]
A55
Built 1962 through 1963. Four to five seats. Improvements were a new instrument panel, interior, and exterior paint scheme. Priced at $58,950.[7]
B55
Introduced in 1964, run through 1982. Four to six-seats. New exterior scheme and interior design. A 120 lb (54 kg) increase in gross weight to 5,100 lb (2,313 kg). Priced at $59,950 (1964), $177,500 (1982).[8]
C55
Built 1966 through 1967. Four to six seats. Powered by two, 285-hp Continental IO-520-C piston engines. Increased performance over the B55. Nose lengthened to accommodate more baggage, avionic equipment, and to improve weight and balance. Crack prone engine air intake box design changed. Alternators changed from belt driven to gear driven. 451 aircraft built. Priced at $68,350 in 1966.[9]
D55
Built 1968 through 1969. Four to six seats. Introduced new paint scheme and 'speed-slope' windshield. Changed to three blade props and a different flap configuration. 316 aircraft built. Priced at $73,950 in 1968.[10]
E55
Introduced in 1970, run through 1982. Four to six seats. Incorporated new paint scheme and interior design. Improved avionics and panel. Wing-tip lights an rotating beacon made flush; new entrance step. Also added were 172 US gallon (166 usable) interconnected tanks with one fill cap per wing became an option in 1976. 433 built. Priced at $83,950 in 1970, $219,500 in 1982.

Baron 56TC

Beechcraft Baron 56TC

An early Baron 56TC seen in-flight.

In 1967, Beechcraft had begun development of a faster, pressurized twin, the Model 60 Duke; the Duke was to go head-to-head with Cessna's 320 Skyknight. The Duke was to use two turbocharged 380-hp Lycoming TIO-541-E1A4 engines, therefore, Beech wanted experience working with, and flying the new engine. The engine was the 380-hp Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4, Beech produced in limited quantities, fitted to a modified Baron E55, becoming the 56TC (that prototype, EG-1, was later retired after certification). The result of the 56TC came as planned, it proved a good testbed and experience building model for the Duke's development. However, it was a noticeably loud airplane, especially so for a Beechcraft. Along with its increased noise, the 56TC saw, throughout its production, and increase in structural build to compensate for the higher power. When introduced in 1967, it was the fastest Beech aircraft, rivaling even the early King Airs sold at the time. The Baron 56TC was built between 1967 and 1971, seeing its fate come from the Duke, and the Baron 58, which was introduced in 1970.[citation needed]

56TC
Introduced in 1967, built until the 1969 model year. Four to six seats. Power came from two 380-hp (283-kW) Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4 turbocharged piston engines. 81 aircraft sold. Priced at $89,950 in 1967.[11]
A56TC
Introduced 1970, built until 1971. Only model change throughout the 56 production. Featured new exterior paint scheme and interior design, new instrument panel, smooth rotating beacon and navigation lights, nose wheel light. 11 aircraft sold. Priced at $101,750 in 1970.[12]

Baron 58

Baron 58 (B)

A Baron 58 in-flight.

Beechcraft Baron 58TC

The turbocharged 58TC variant.

Baron-g-bnun-bma-2

1980 Baron 58PA of BMI

Introduced for the model year 1969,[13] the larger, more powerful Baron 58 was developed from the Baron 55, introducing club seating, double aft baggage doors, and new gross weight of 5,400 lbs. Depending on the variant, the Baron 58 is fitted with either the Continental IO-520 or IO-550 300-hp engine. The Baron 58 can cruise at 200 knots (370 km/h) at 7000 ft (2100 m). The lengthening of the fuselage increased rear baggage space, as well as providing more comfortable six-place seating over the Baron 55 and 56TC.[citation needed]

In 1976, the turbocharged Baron 58TC and pressurized Baron 58P were introduced. These variants were powered by turbocharged Continental TIO-520s of 310–325 hp (230–240 kW), had an increased 6100–6200 lb (about 2800 kg) gross weight, and were certified under FAR23 with a new type certificate. The Baron 58P/58TC models were capable of cruising at 200 knots (370 km/h) at 8000 ft (2400 m) and 220 knots (410 km/h) at 20000 ft (6100 m), and were typically equipped with 190 US gallon (719 L) fuel tanks.[citation needed]

A big change in panel/system layout on 58/58TC/58P occurred in 1984, including relocating throttle, gear, flap, propeller and mixture controls to industry-standard positions.[citation needed]

Although the turbocharged 58TC/58P variants were discontinued in 1984 and 1985, respectively, the normally aspirated Baron 58 was still in production as of 2010.[14]

The current production version is the G58, featuring a glass cockpit, improved passenger cabin and changes to selected airframe details.[3]

58 Baron
Original variant, introduced in 1969 and run through 2004 (production continued as G58). Four to six seats. Powered by two 285-hp Continental IO-520-C or Continental IO-550-C piston engines.[13]
58P Baron
Introduced 1976, run through 1985. Pressurized cabin, powered by two Continental TSIO-520-L turbocharged piston engines. 494 aircraft built. Priced at $200,750 in 1976.[15]
58TC Baron
Introduced in 1976, run through 1984. Turbocharged engines, powered by 310 hp Continental TSIO-520-L engines. First flew October 31, 1975. 149 aircraft built. Priced at $170,750 in 1976.[16]
G58 Baron
Introduced in 2005, currently in production. Essentially same aircraft as the 58 Baron, with Garmin G1000 glass cockpit avionics.[citation needed]

T-42A Cochise (95-B55B)

T-42 Cochise

The T-42 Cochise

The T-42A Cochise is a military version of the Baron 95-B55 for use by the United States Army as an instrument training aircraft. The Army Aviation School took delivery of 65 aircraft, a further five were bought for delivery to the Turkish Army.[17]

By 1993, the Army's remaining T-42 aircraft had been transferred to the Army Reserve and the National Guard and were no longer in standard use.

SFERMA SF-60 Marquis

A Twin 530 hp Astazou X turboprop modification first flown in 1961, developed from SFERMA's 1960 Twin Bonanza Astazou IIA turboprop conversion (SFERMA PD-146 Marquis).[18]

Operators

Military

Flag of Bolivia Bolivia
Flag of the Central African Republic Central African Republic
Flag of Colombia Colombia
Flag of Chile Chile
Flag of Haiti Haiti
Armed Forces of Haiti
Flag of Mexico Mexico
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan
Flag of Paraguay Paraguay
Flag of Rhodesia Rhodesia
Rhodesian Air Force - One aircraft only.
Flag of Spain Spain
Flag of Turkey Turkey
Turkish Army
United States
United States Army
Flag of Uruguay Uruguay
Flag of Venezuela Venezuela
Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Specifications (B55)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77 [19]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 5
  • Length: 28 ft 0 in (8.53 m)
  • Wingspan: 37 ft 10 in (11.53 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m)
  • Wing area: 199.2 ft² (18.50 m²)
  • Airfoil: NACA 23016.5 at root, NACA 23010.5 at tip
  • Empty weight: 3,156 lb (1,431 kg)
  • Max. takeoff weight: 5,100 lb (2,313 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Continental IO-470-L air-cooled six-cylinder horizontally opposed piston engine, 260 hp (194 kW) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 205 knots (380 km/h, 236 mph) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 180 knots (333 km/h, 207 mph) 55% power at 12,000 ft (3,660 m)
  • Stall speed: 73 knots (135.5 km/h, 84 mph) IAS, power off, wheels and flaps down
  • Range: 942 nmi (1,746 km, 1,085 miles)65% power at 10,500 ft (3,200 m), 45 min reserves
  • Service ceiling: 19,700 ft (6,000 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,670 ft/min (8.5 m/s)

See also

References

Notes
  1. Taylor 1976, p.214.
  2. "2012 Beech Baron G58". Globalaviationguide.com. http://www.globalaviationguide.com/2012-beech-baron-g58-aircraft-sales/. Retrieved 2012-08-04. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 Beechcraft Baron G58. Product Analysis. Hawker Beechcraft Corporation.
  4. Beechcraft King Air C90GTi. Product Analysis. Hawker Beechcraft Corporation.
  5. http://www.aopa.org/members/vref/vref3.cfm
  6. Ball 1994, p.54.
  7. Ball 1994, p.60.
  8. Ball 1994, p.72.
  9. Ball 1994, p.165.
  10. Ball 1994, p.176.
  11. Ball 1994, p.364.
  12. Ball 1994, p.383.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Ball 1994, p.246.
  14. Hawker Beechcraft Official Site
  15. Ball 1994, p.444, 449.
  16. Ball 1994, p.395.
  17. Harding 1990, pp. 17–18.
  18. "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". August 1961. p. 41. 
  19. Taylor 1976, pp. 214–215.
Bibliography
Further reading
  • Harding, Stephen. U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Shrewsbury, UK:Airlife Publishing, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-102-8.
  • Michell, Simon. Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994-95. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Information Group, 1994. ISBN 0-7106-1208-7.

External links

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