| Military ranks of the Ottoman Empire | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ottoman ranks |
Western equivalents | |
| Officers | ||
| Müşir مشير |
Field marshal | |
| Birinci Ferik (Serdar) فريق أول |
General | |
| Ferik فريق |
Lieutenant general | |
| Mirliva أمير لواء |
Major general | |
| Miralay أمير آلاي |
Brigadier | |
| Kaymakam قائم مقام |
Colonel | |
| Binbaşı بكباشي |
Lieutenant colonel | |
| Kolağası (Sağ Kolağası / Sol Kolağası) قول أغاسي |
Major | |
| Yüzbaşı يوزباشي |
Captain | |
| Mülâzım-ı Evvel ملازم أول |
First lieutenant | |
| Mülâzım-ı Sani ملازم ثاني |
Second lieutenant | |
| Non-commissioned officers | ||
| Çavuş شاويش |
Sergeant | |
| Onbaşı أونباشي |
Corporal | |
| Soldiers | ||
| Nefer نفر |
Private | |
| Military ranks of Egypt | ||
|---|---|---|
| Turco-Egyptian ranks (until 1958) |
Modern Egyptian ranks |
Western equivalents |
| Officers | ||
| Mushir مشير |
General of the army/ field marshal | |
| Sirdar سردار |
Fariq awwal فريق أول |
General |
| Fariq فريق |
Lieutenant general | |
| Liwa لواء |
Major general | |
| Amiralay أمير آلاي |
Amid عميد |
Brigadier |
| Qaimaqam قائم مقام |
Aqid عقيد |
Colonel |
| Bimbashi بكباشي |
Muqaddam مقدم |
Lieutenant colonel |
| Sagh صاغ |
Raid رائد |
Major |
| Yuzbashi يوزباشي |
Naqib نقيب |
Captain |
| Mulazim awwal ملازم أول |
First lieutenant | |
| Mulazim thani ملازم ثاني |
Mulazim ملازم |
Second lieutenant |
| Non-commissioned officers | ||
| Shawish شاويش |
Raqib رقيب |
Sergeant |
| Ombashi أونباشي |
Arif عريف |
Corporal |
| Soldiers | ||
| Askari عسكري |
Jundi جندي |
Private |
Birinci Ferik or Ferik-i evvel (corresponding to the earlier Ottoman rank of Serdar) was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It is translated as General (modern Turkish Orgeneral). The title means "First Ferik" and was senior to a Ferik and junior only to the Müşir (equivalent to Field Marshal).
The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and cap of a Birinci Ferik had three stripes and three stars during the early years of the Turkish Republic. The Ottoman Army and pre-1934 Turkish Army had three general ranks (similar to the British ranking system), while the current Turkish Army has four general ranks (similar to the American ranking system), with the inclusion of Brigadier General (Tuğgeneral) as the fourth and most junior general rank.
The title of Birinci Ferik was abolished with Act No. 2590 of 26 November 1934 on the Abolition of Titles and Appellations such as Efendi, Bey or Pasha.
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The original article can be found at Birindji ferik and the edit history here.