m (→References: Remove some templates. interwiki links, delink non military terms, cleanup and move Wikipedia link above categories, replaced: == References == {{Reflist}} Category:Military law {{Wikipedia|Dereliction of duty}} → ==Refere...) |
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| ⚫ | '''Dereliction of duty''' is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10,892. Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military. A service member who is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has incapacitated himself in such a way that he ''cannot'' perform his duties. Such incapacitation includes the person falling asleep while on duty requiring wakefulness, his getting drunk or otherwise intoxicated and consequently being unable to perform his duties, shooting himself and thus being unable to perform any duty, or his vacating his post contrary to regulations. Article 92 also applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise to the level of [[criminally negligent]] behavior. The first such case charged occurred during [[World War II]], when [[Army Air Force]] [[Lieutenant]]s [[William Sincock]] and [[Theodore Balides]] were [[court-martial]]ed for dereliction of duty when they mistakenly dropped bombs on Zürich, a city of Switzerland, which was a neutral country during that war. Both men were later acquitted.<ref name='apj 2000-summer'>{{cite web | url = http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/sum00/helmreich.html | title = The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | last = Helmreich | first = Jonathan | date = Summer 2000 | work = Aerospace Power Journal | publisher = Air University}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | '''Dereliction of duty''' is a specific offense under |
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In the U.S. [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] (UCMJ), dereliction of duty is addressed within the regulations governing the failure to obey an order or regulation.<ref name='lii 2010-02-01'>{{cite web | url = http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000892----000-.html | title = United States Code: Title 10,892. Art. 92. Failure to obey order or regulation | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | date = 2010-02-01 | work = Legal Information Institute | publisher = Cornell University Law School}}</ref> |
In the U.S. [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] (UCMJ), dereliction of duty is addressed within the regulations governing the failure to obey an order or regulation.<ref name='lii 2010-02-01'>{{cite web | url = http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000892----000-.html | title = United States Code: Title 10,892. Art. 92. Failure to obey order or regulation | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | date = 2010-02-01 | work = Legal Information Institute | publisher = Cornell University Law School}}</ref> |
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Punishment can include sanctions up to and including the death penalty (in times of war). Outside of wartime, the maximum punishment allowed is a [[Dishonorable discharge]], forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year (10 years for service members receiving special pay under 37 USC 310<ref name='vlex 2010-12-09'>{{cite web | url = http://vlex.com/vid/subject-hostile-fire-imminent-danger-19231173 | title = 37 USC 310 - Sec. 310. Special pay: duty subject to hostile fire or imminent danger | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | work = vLex}}</ref>).<ref name='about 2010-12-09'>{{cite web | url = http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/mcm/bl113.htm | title = UCMJ - Article 113—Misbehavior of sentinel or lookout | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | work = About.com US Military}}</ref> |
Punishment can include sanctions up to and including the death penalty (in times of war). Outside of wartime, the maximum punishment allowed is a [[Dishonorable discharge]], forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year (10 years for service members receiving special pay under 37 USC 310<ref name='vlex 2010-12-09'>{{cite web | url = http://vlex.com/vid/subject-hostile-fire-imminent-danger-19231173 | title = 37 USC 310 - Sec. 310. Special pay: duty subject to hostile fire or imminent danger | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | work = vLex}}</ref>).<ref name='about 2010-12-09'>{{cite web | url = http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/mcm/bl113.htm | title = UCMJ - Article 113—Misbehavior of sentinel or lookout | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | work = About.com US Military}}</ref> |
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| − | == |
+ | ==Proving Dereliction== |
In order to prosecute a service member under Article 92, the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the service member knew (or should have reasonably known) his duties and that he was either, through neglect or culpable inefficiency (i.e., being inefficient without just cause), derelict in the performance of those duties.<ref name='apj 2000-09-06'>{{cite web | url = http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/fal00/turner.htm | title = The Articles of War and the UCMJ | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | last = Turner | first = Lisa | date = 2000-09-06 | work = Vortices | publisher = Aerospace Power Journal}}</ref> |
In order to prosecute a service member under Article 92, the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the service member knew (or should have reasonably known) his duties and that he was either, through neglect or culpable inefficiency (i.e., being inefficient without just cause), derelict in the performance of those duties.<ref name='apj 2000-09-06'>{{cite web | url = http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/fal00/turner.htm | title = The Articles of War and the UCMJ | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | last = Turner | first = Lisa | date = 2000-09-06 | work = Vortices | publisher = Aerospace Power Journal}}</ref> |
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| − | A duty is imposed in any one of the following ways:<ref name='apj 2000-09-06' /> |
+ | A [[duty]] is imposed in any one of the following ways:<ref name='apj 2000-09-06' /> |
| − | * via a |
+ | * via a treaty, |
* statute, |
* statute, |
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* regulation, |
* regulation, |
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* lawful order, |
* lawful order, |
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| − | * |
+ | * standard operating procedure, or |
* custom of the service |
* custom of the service |
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* customs of the service |
* customs of the service |
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| − | == |
+ | ==Sentinel / Lookout== |
UCMJ Article 113 ("Misbehavior of sentinel") includes components of behavior<ref name='lii 2010-02-01a'>{{cite web | url = http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000913----000-.html | title = United States Code: Title 10,913. Art. 113. Misbehavior of sentinel | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | date = 2010-02-01 | work = Legal Information Institute | publisher = Cornell University Law School}}</ref> that are, in themselves, examples of dereliction of duty:<ref name='about 2010-12-09' /> |
UCMJ Article 113 ("Misbehavior of sentinel") includes components of behavior<ref name='lii 2010-02-01a'>{{cite web | url = http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000913----000-.html | title = United States Code: Title 10,913. Art. 113. Misbehavior of sentinel | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | date = 2010-02-01 | work = Legal Information Institute | publisher = Cornell University Law School}}</ref> that are, in themselves, examples of dereliction of duty:<ref name='about 2010-12-09' /> |
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# Leaving one's post without being properly relieved |
# Leaving one's post without being properly relieved |
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| − | == |
+ | ==Examples: Non-Judicial Punishment== |
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| ⚫ | Both a [[Staff Sergeant]] and an [[Airman First Class]] stationed at [[Seymour Johnson Air Force Base]] had their pay reduced by $300 and $200 pay per month, respectively, for two months, when their actions resulted in a delayed launch and subsequent aircraft shutdown. They were found guilty of failing to follow Air Force Instruction 21-101, Air Force Policy Directive 31–3, and Technical Order 00-20-1. They were also given 14 days extra duty and had a reprimand inserted into their files.<ref name='sjafb 2007-04-11'>{{cite web | url = http://www.seymourjohnson.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123048357 | title = 15 SJ Airmen punished for UCMJ infractions | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | last = 4th Fighter Wing legal office | date = 2007-04-11 | work = The Official Website of Seymour Johnson Air Force Base | publisher = United States Air Force}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Both a [[Staff Sergeant]] and an [[Airman First Class]] stationed at [[Seymour Johnson Air Force Base]] had their pay reduced by $300 and $200 pay per month, respectively, for two months, when their actions resulted in a delayed launch and subsequent aircraft shutdown. They were found guilty of failing to follow Air Force Instruction 21-101, Air Force Policy Directive |
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An Airman First Class stationed at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base was reduced to [[Airman]] when she received non-judicial punishment for dereliction of duty. She was found to have charged over $700 on her Travel Card for personal uses.<ref name='sjafb 2007-04-11' /> |
An Airman First Class stationed at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base was reduced to [[Airman]] when she received non-judicial punishment for dereliction of duty. She was found to have charged over $700 on her Travel Card for personal uses.<ref name='sjafb 2007-04-11' /> |
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+ | ==Example: Court-Martial== |
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In August 1988, Marine [[Lance Corporal]] [[Jason Rother]] died on a desert exercise at [[29 Palms]], California. First Lieutenant [[Allen Lawson]] was charged and convicted of dereliction of duty for disobeying orders (to submit a roster of posted Marines and locations to his superior officer, Captain Edwards) and for failing to post two subordinates as a pair (as ordered by the battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Robeson).<ref name='Naval law 1998'>{{cite book | last1 = Filbert | first1 = Brent | last2 = Kaufman | first2 = Alan | title = Naval law: justice and procedure in the sea services | chapter = Military Crimes | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 1998 | pages = 102–105 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=q7kUyJ01NR0C | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | isbn = 978-1-55750-462-3}}</ref> |
In August 1988, Marine [[Lance Corporal]] [[Jason Rother]] died on a desert exercise at [[29 Palms]], California. First Lieutenant [[Allen Lawson]] was charged and convicted of dereliction of duty for disobeying orders (to submit a roster of posted Marines and locations to his superior officer, Captain Edwards) and for failing to post two subordinates as a pair (as ordered by the battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Robeson).<ref name='Naval law 1998'>{{cite book | last1 = Filbert | first1 = Brent | last2 = Kaufman | first2 = Alan | title = Naval law: justice and procedure in the sea services | chapter = Military Crimes | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 1998 | pages = 102–105 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=q7kUyJ01NR0C | accessdate = 2010-12-09 | isbn = 978-1-55750-462-3}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 00:24, 24 May 2021
Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10,892. Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military. A service member who is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has incapacitated himself in such a way that he cannot perform his duties. Such incapacitation includes the person falling asleep while on duty requiring wakefulness, his getting drunk or otherwise intoxicated and consequently being unable to perform his duties, shooting himself and thus being unable to perform any duty, or his vacating his post contrary to regulations. Article 92 also applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise to the level of criminally negligent behavior. The first such case charged occurred during World War II, when Army Air Force Lieutenants William Sincock and Theodore Balides were court-martialed for dereliction of duty when they mistakenly dropped bombs on Zürich, a city of Switzerland, which was a neutral country during that war. Both men were later acquitted.[1]
Details
In the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), dereliction of duty is addressed within the regulations governing the failure to obey an order or regulation.[2]
§ 892. Art. 92. Failure to obey order or regulation
Any person subject to this chapter who— ... (3) is derelict in the performance of his duties; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
Punishment can include sanctions up to and including the death penalty (in times of war). Outside of wartime, the maximum punishment allowed is a Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year (10 years for service members receiving special pay under 37 USC 310[3]).[4]
Proving Dereliction
In order to prosecute a service member under Article 92, the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the service member knew (or should have reasonably known) his duties and that he was either, through neglect or culpable inefficiency (i.e., being inefficient without just cause), derelict in the performance of those duties.[5]
A duty is imposed in any one of the following ways:[5]
- via a treaty,
- statute,
- regulation,
- lawful order,
- standard operating procedure, or
- custom of the service
That the service member possessed actual knowledge of his duties may be proved via:[5]
- regulations,
- training / operating manuals,
- academic literature,
- testimony of service members who held similar positions,
- customs of the service
Sentinel / Lookout
UCMJ Article 113 ("Misbehavior of sentinel") includes components of behavior[6] that are, in themselves, examples of dereliction of duty:[4]
- Drunk while on post
- Sleeping while on post
- Leaving one's post without being properly relieved
Examples: Non-Judicial Punishment
Failure to Follow Instructions and Directives
Both a Staff Sergeant and an Airman First Class stationed at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base had their pay reduced by $300 and $200 pay per month, respectively, for two months, when their actions resulted in a delayed launch and subsequent aircraft shutdown. They were found guilty of failing to follow Air Force Instruction 21-101, Air Force Policy Directive 31–3, and Technical Order 00-20-1. They were also given 14 days extra duty and had a reprimand inserted into their files.[7]
Misuse of Government Property
An Airman First Class stationed at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base was reduced to Airman when she received non-judicial punishment for dereliction of duty. She was found to have charged over $700 on her Travel Card for personal uses.[7]
Example: Court-Martial
United States v. Allen Lawson 33 M.J. 946
In August 1988, Marine Lance Corporal Jason Rother died on a desert exercise at 29 Palms, California. First Lieutenant Allen Lawson was charged and convicted of dereliction of duty for disobeying orders (to submit a roster of posted Marines and locations to his superior officer, Captain Edwards) and for failing to post two subordinates as a pair (as ordered by the battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Robeson).[8]
References
- ↑ Helmreich, Jonathan (Summer 2000). "The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II". Aerospace Power Journal. Air University. http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/sum00/helmreich.html. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ "United States Code: Title 10,892. Art. 92. Failure to obey order or regulation". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. 2010-02-01. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000892----000-.html. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ "37 USC 310 - Sec. 310. Special pay: duty subject to hostile fire or imminent danger". vLex. http://vlex.com/vid/subject-hostile-fire-imminent-danger-19231173. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "UCMJ - Article 113—Misbehavior of sentinel or lookout". About.com US Military. http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/mcm/bl113.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Turner, Lisa (2000-09-06). "The Articles of War and the UCMJ". Vortices. Aerospace Power Journal. http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/fal00/turner.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ "United States Code: Title 10,913. Art. 113. Misbehavior of sentinel". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. 2010-02-01. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000913----000-.html. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 4th Fighter Wing legal office (2007-04-11). "15 SJ Airmen punished for UCMJ infractions". The Official Website of Seymour Johnson Air Force Base. United States Air Force. http://www.seymourjohnson.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123048357. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
The original article can be found at Dereliction of duty and the edit history here.