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Changes: Fiat CR.1

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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 
|name = CR.1
  
|name = CR.1
 
|image =Fiat CR.1.jpg
  
|image =Fiat CR.1.jpg
 
|caption =
  
|caption =
 
}}
  
}}
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{{Infobox Aircraft Type
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{{Infobox aircraft type
 
|type = Fighter
  
|type = Fighter
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|manufacturer = [[Fiat]]
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|manufacturer = Fiat
 
|designer = [[Celestino Rosatelli]]
  
|designer = [[Celestino Rosatelli]]
 
|first flight =
  
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The '''Fiat CR.1''' was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[biplane]] [[fighter aircraft]] of the 1920s. Of wood and fabric construction, it was designed by Celestino Rosatelli, from whom it gained the 'CR' designation. Its most distinctive feature was that as an "inverted sesquiplane" the lower wings were longer than the upper ones.
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The '''Fiat CR.1''' was an Italian biplane [[fighter aircraft]] of the 1920s. Of wood and fabric construction, it was designed by Celestino Rosatelli, from whom it gained the 'CR' designation. Its most distinctive feature was that as an "inverted sesquiplane" the lower wings were longer than the upper ones.
   
 
==Design and development==
  
==Design and development==
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Regia Aeronautica requested two [[prototype]] aircraft of Fiat in the early 1920s. The results were designated MM.1 and MM.2, identical except for rudder (one had a rounded, counterbalanced rudder) and engines (they had differing marks of Hispano-Suiza [[piston engine]]).
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Regia Aeronautica requested two prototype aircraft of Fiat in the early 1920s. The results were designated MM.1 and MM.2, identical except for rudder (one had a rounded, counterbalanced rudder) and engines (they had differing marks of Hispano-Suiza piston engine).
   
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The airplane was a [[biplane]] of conventional layout, with fixed [[Conventional landing gear|tailskid landing gear]] and open [[cockpit]], with the pilot's head aligned with the trailing edge of the upper wing. The [[V8 engine]] powered a fixed-pitch two-blade wooden propeller. The landing gear had a fixed axle between the wheels. It carried two synchronized 7.7 mm (.303 in) [[Vickers machine gun]]s firing through the propeller arc.
 +
The airplane was a biplane of conventional layout, with fixed tailskid landing gear and open cockpit, with the pilot's head aligned with the trailing edge of the upper wing. The V8 engine powered a fixed-pitch two-blade wooden propeller. The landing gear had a fixed axle between the wheels. It carried two synchronized 7.7 mm (.303 in) [[Vickers machine gun]]s firing through the propeller arc.
   
 
The two prototypes were evaluated against another biplane fighter, the SIAI S.52, and proved superior in maneuverability and top speed. Accordingly, contracts were issued to three Italian companies for three batches of production aircraft, to be designated '''CR.1''':
  
The two prototypes were evaluated against another biplane fighter, the SIAI S.52, and proved superior in maneuverability and top speed. Accordingly, contracts were issued to three Italian companies for three batches of production aircraft, to be designated '''CR.1''':
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Group in 1924. By 1926, 12 Italian fighter squadrons had been allocated the aircraft. In the same year Fiat introduced an updated all-metal version, the '''[[Fiat CR.20|CR.20]]'''.
  
Group in 1924. By 1926, 12 Italian fighter squadrons had been allocated the aircraft. In the same year Fiat introduced an updated all-metal version, the '''[[Fiat CR.20|CR.20]]'''.
   
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Though both [[Belgium]] and [[Poland]] evaluated and rejected the aircraft, an export order was received from [[Latvia]]. Their nine CR.1s, fitted with the 224 kW (300 hp) Hispano-Suiza HS8N8 engine, served in Latvian Naval Aviation until 1936.
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Though both Belgium and Poland evaluated and rejected the aircraft, an export order was received from Latvia. Their nine CR.1s, fitted with the 224 kW (300 hp) Hispano-Suiza HS8N8 engine, served in Latvian Naval Aviation until 1936.
   
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In the 1930s, some CR.1s were fitted with Isotta Fraschini Asso Caccia engines of 328 kW (440 hp), which improved their performance. These units were given to 163 ''Squadriglia'', based at [[Rhodes]] in the [[Aegean Sea]]. Those units were withdrawn from active service in 1937.
 +
In the 1930s, some CR.1s were fitted with Isotta Fraschini Asso Caccia engines of 328 kW (440 hp), which improved their performance. These units were given to 163 ''Squadriglia'', based at Rhodes in the Aegean Sea. Those units were withdrawn from active service in 1937.
   
 
==Variants==
  
==Variants==
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==Specifications (CR.1)==
  
==Specifications (CR.1)==
 
{{aircraft specifications
  
{{aircraft specifications
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|ref=Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft<ref>Jackson, Robert, ''The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft'', Paragon, 2002. ISBN 0-7525-8130-9</ref>
  
|ref=Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft<ref>Jackson, Robert, ''The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft'', Paragon, 2002. ISBN 0-7525-8130-9</ref>
 
|crew= one, pilot
  
|crew= one, pilot
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|more general=
  
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|engine (prop)=Isotta-Fraschini Asso
  
|engine (prop)=Isotta-Fraschini Asso
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|type of prop=[[V8 engine]]
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|type of prop=V8 engine
 
|number of props=1
  
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|power main= 239 kW
  
|power main= 239 kW
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==See also==
  
==See also==
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* [[List of Interwar military aircraft]]
  
* [[List of Interwar military aircraft]]
 
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==References==
  
==References==
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* [http://www.europa1939.com/aviones/cazas/fiatcr1.html Fiat CR.1 (Spanish)]
  
* [http://www.europa1939.com/aviones/cazas/fiatcr1.html Fiat CR.1 (Spanish)]
   
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{{Wikipedia|Fiat CR.1}}
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{{aviation lists}}
  
   
 
[[Category:Biplanes]]
  
[[Category:Biplanes]]
 
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
  
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
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[[Category:Italian fighter aircraft 1920–1929]]
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[[Category:1920s Italian fighter aircraft]]
 
[[Category:Fiat aircraft|CR.01]]
  
[[Category:Fiat aircraft|CR.01]]
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{{Wikipedia|Fiat CR.1}}
  

Latest revision as of 02:44, 30 January 2020

CR.1
Fiat CR.1
Role Fighter
Manufacturer Fiat
Designer Celestino Rosatelli
Introduction 1924
Primary users Regia Aeronautica
Latvian Air Force

The Fiat CR.1 was an Italian biplane fighter aircraft of the 1920s. Of wood and fabric construction, it was designed by Celestino Rosatelli, from whom it gained the 'CR' designation. Its most distinctive feature was that as an "inverted sesquiplane" the lower wings were longer than the upper ones.

Design and development

Regia Aeronautica requested two prototype aircraft of Fiat in the early 1920s. The results were designated MM.1 and MM.2, identical except for rudder (one had a rounded, counterbalanced rudder) and engines (they had differing marks of Hispano-Suiza piston engine).

The airplane was a biplane of conventional layout, with fixed tailskid landing gear and open cockpit, with the pilot's head aligned with the trailing edge of the upper wing. The V8 engine powered a fixed-pitch two-blade wooden propeller. The landing gear had a fixed axle between the wheels. It carried two synchronized 7.7 mm (.303 in) Vickers machine guns firing through the propeller arc.

The two prototypes were evaluated against another biplane fighter, the SIAI S.52, and proved superior in maneuverability and top speed. Accordingly, contracts were issued to three Italian companies for three batches of production aircraft, to be designated CR.1:

  • 109 units to be built by Fiat;
  • 40 units to be built by OFM of Napoli;
  • 100 units to be built by SIAI.

After two pre-production prototypes were again flight-tested, a total of 240 units were placed in Italian military service, beginning in 1925.[1]

Operational history

The Regia Aeronautica ordered 240 CR.1s and began equipping its 1st Fighter Group in 1924. By 1926, 12 Italian fighter squadrons had been allocated the aircraft. In the same year Fiat introduced an updated all-metal version, the CR.20.

Though both Belgium and Poland evaluated and rejected the aircraft, an export order was received from Latvia. Their nine CR.1s, fitted with the 224 kW (300 hp) Hispano-Suiza HS8N8 engine, served in Latvian Naval Aviation until 1936.

In the 1930s, some CR.1s were fitted with Isotta Fraschini Asso Caccia engines of 328 kW (440 hp), which improved their performance. These units were given to 163 Squadriglia, based at Rhodes in the Aegean Sea. Those units were withdrawn from active service in 1937.

Variants

MM.1
Prototype.
MM.2
Prototype.
CR.1
Single-seat fighter biplane
CR.2
One evaluation model, equipped with an Armstrong Siddeley Lynx radial engine.
CR.5
One evaluation model, equipped with an Alfa Romeo Jupiter radial engine.
CR.10
One evaluation moded, equipped with a 310 kW (410 hp) Fiat A.20 water-cooled V-12 engine with two Lamblin radiators.
CR.10 Idro
The CR.10 converted to a floatplane.

Operators

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) Italy
Flag of Latvia Latvia

Specifications (CR.1)

Data from Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft[2]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one, pilot
  • Length: 6.24 m (6.16 m alternate) (20 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 8.95 m (29 ft 4 in)
  • Height: 2.40 m (7 ft 20 in)
  • Wing area: 23 m² (247.5 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 839 kg (1,850 lb)
  • Max. takeoff weight: 1,155 kg (2,546 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Isotta-Fraschini Asso V8 engine, 239 kW (320 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 270 km/h (146 kn, 168 mph)
  • Range: 650 km (351 nmi, 405 mi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,450 m (24,440 ft)
  • Wing loading: 48.43 kg/m² (9.92 lb/ft²)

Armament

  • 2 × fixed forward 7.7 mm (0.303 in) machine guns

    • See also

    References

    1. ↑ html CR.1 history
    2. ↑ Jackson, Robert, The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, Paragon, 2002. ISBN 0-7525-8130-9

    External links

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