Republic of China Army

Not to be confused with [[:{{{1}}}]].

Republic of China Army
中華民國陸軍 Zhōnghuá Mínguó Lùjūn (Mandarin) Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Liu̍k-kiûn (Hakka)
Emblem of the Republic of China Army
Founded	June 16, 1924 (1924-06-16) (as the National Revolutionary Army)
Country	Taiwan
Type	Army
Role	Ground warfare
Size	130,000 (2008 est.)
Part of	Republic of China Armed Forces
Garrison/HQ	Longtan, Taoyuan, Taiwan (ROC)
Motto(s)	"忠誠精實"
Colors	Gold & Green
March	"Army Anthem" (Chinese: 陸軍軍歌; "Lùjūnjūngē"; "Liu̍k-kiûn Kiûn-kô")
Engagements	Northern Expedition Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) Long March Second Sino-Japanese War World War II Battle of Baitag Bogd Chinese Civil War Chinese Communist Revolution Battle of Guningtou Battle of Nanri Island Battle of Yijiangshan Islands Vietnam War War on Terror Military intervention against ISIL^[1]
Commanders
Commander of the Republic of China Army	General Wang Shin-lung (王信龍)^[2]
Ceremonial chief	Lieutenant-general Pan Chia-yu (潘家宇)
Deputy Commander of the Republic of China Army	Lieutenant-general Chen Chuan-kuan (陳泉官)
Insignia
Flag

Organization[]

總統授階王信龍上將 — General Wang Shin-lung, the incumbent commander of the ROC Army

The ROC Army's current operational strength includes 3 armies, 5 corps. As of 2005, the Army's 35 brigades include 25 infantry brigades, 5 armoured brigades and 3 mechanized infantry brigades.^[3]^[4]^[5] All infantry brigades stood down and transferred to Reserve Command after 2005.

This update reflects the ROCA order of battle at the conclusion of the Jinjing Restructuring Plan in 2008.

A new type of unit called defense team (守備隊) is being introduced. These are formed by elements of de-activated brigades under each area defense command. The strength of a defense team may vary from one or more reinforced battalions, making it roughly equal to a regiment. The team CO is usually a full colonel.^[6]

Republic of China Army Command Headquarters[]

The ROC Army CHQ (中華民國國防部陸軍司令部) is headed by a 3-star general and is responsible for overall command of all ROC Army assets. Army GHQ is subordinate to the Chief of the General Staff (military), the Minister of National Defense (civilian) and the ROC President.

Frogman — A military frogman of Army 101st Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion

Internal Units: Personnel, Combat Readiness and Training, Logistics, Planning, Communications, Electronics and Information, General Affairs, Comptroller, Inspector General, Political Warfare.
Aviation and Special Forces Command (航空特戰指揮部)

601 Air Cavalry Brigade (original special force battalion assigned transferred back to 862nd Brigade)
602 Air Cavalry Brigade (original special force battalion assigned transferred back to 862nd Brigade)
603 Air Cavalry Brigade (this is a phantom unit, only exists on paper, no manpower, units, helicopters assigned)
101st Reconnaissance Battalion (better known as Sea Dragon Frogman, has a company station in Kinmen, Matsu, 3 in Penghu, and other frontline islands)
Special Forces Command (特戰指揮部) In charge of 3 training centers

Army Airborne Training Center (大武營「陸軍空降訓練中心」)
Army Special Forces Training Center (谷關「陸軍特戰訓練中心」)
Army Winter and Mountain Training Center (武嶺寒訓中心)

Special Operation Command

862 Special Operation Group (originally 862nd Special Operation Brigade, with 3rd, 4th, and 6th battalion that transferred back from aviation brigades)
871 Special Operation Group (units unknown)

6th Army Corps (第六軍團指揮部): Northern Taiwan

Guandu Area Command
Lanyang Area Command
269 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
542 Armor Brigade
584 Armor Brigade
21 Artillery Command
53 Engineer Group
73 Signals Group
33 Chemical Warfare Group

8th Army Corps (第八軍團指揮部): Southern Taiwan

333 Mechanized Infantry Brigade
564 Armor Brigade
43 Artillery Command
54 Engineer Group
75 Signals Group
39 Chemical Warfare Group

10th Army Corps (第十軍團指揮部): Central Taiwan

234 Mechanized Infantry Brigade (will receive CM-32 "Clouded Leopard" wheeled IFV beginning of 2011)^[7]
586 Armor Brigade
58 Artillery Command
52 Engineer Group
36 Chemical Warfare Group
74 Signals Group

Hua-Tung Defense Command (花東防衛指揮部): Eastern Taiwan

Hualien (花蓮) Defense Team
Taitung (台東) Area Command

Kinmen Defense Command (金門防衛指揮部)

Jindong (金東, Kinmen East) Defense Team
Jinshih (金西, Kinmen West) Defense Team
Shihyu (獅嶼) Defense Team
Artillery Group

Penghu Defense Command (澎湖防衛指揮部)

1 Armored Battalion, 1 Armored Infantry Battalion, 1 Armored Cav Battalion, 1 mixed Artillery Battalion.

Matsu Defense Command (馬祖防衛指揮部)

Beigao (北高) Area Command
Juguang (莒光) Area Command

Dongyin Area Command (東引地區指揮部)

Logistics Command (後勤指揮部)
Education, Training and Doctorine Command (教育訓練暨準則發展指揮部)
Republic of China Military Academy, Training & Command Schools, Chemical Warfare Corps, Engineering Corps, Arsenal Development.

Armed Force Reserve Command (後備指揮部)

9 active infantry brigades, 24 Reserve brigades (Activated only in time of war)

ROC Army's former Army Missile Command was transferred to ROC Air Force in 2006.

Ranks[]

Officers

The rank of Generalissimo was bestowed only once, to Chiang Kai-shek and currently is abolished. Since 2013, the rank of Colonel General shall be granted only in wartime.

Equivalent NATO Code	OF-10	OF-9	OF-8	OF-7	OF-6	OF-5	OF-4	OF-3	OF-2	OF-1		OF(D) and Student Officer
Republic of China (Edit)												Unknown
Republic of China (Edit)	Generalissimo （特級上將）	Captain General （一級上將）	Superior General （二級上將）	Middle General （中將）	Junior General （少將）	Superior Commander （上校）	Middle Commander （中校）	Junior Commander （少校）	Superior Lieutenant （上尉）	Middle Lieutenant （中尉）	Junior Lieutenant （少尉）	Unknown
Pinyin			Yījí Shàngjiàng	Èrjí Shàngjiàng	Zhōngjiàng		Shaojiàng				Shàngxiào		Zhōngxiào	Shàoxiào	Shàngwèi	Zhōngwèi	Shàowèi

Enlisted

Equivalent NATO Code	OR-9	OR-8	OR-7	OR-6	OR-5	OR-4	OR-3	OR-2		OR-1
Republic of China (Edit)
Republic of China (Edit)	Master sergeant first class 一等士官長	Master sergeant second class 二等士官長	Master sergeant third class 三等士官長	Staff sergeant 上士	Sergeant 中士	Corporal 下士		Specialist 上等兵	Private first class 一等兵		Private 二等兵
Pinyin	Yīděng Shìguān zhǎng	Èrděng Shìguān zhǎng	Sānděng Shìguān zhǎng	Shàngshi	Zhōngshi	Xiàshi	Shàngděng Bīng	Yīděng Bīng		Èrděng Bīng

Training[]

The Republic of China Military Academy trains officers for the army in a four-year program.

History[]

The Republic of China Army originated from Chinese National Revolutionary Army, which was founded by Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang (KMT) in 1924, when the Whampoa Military Academy was established with Soviet military assistance. Whampoa Military Academy, which was presided by Chiang Kai-shek, was tasked with the objective of training a professional Chinese revolutionary army (革命軍人 ) to unify China during the Warlord Era . It participated in the Northern Expedition, the Second Sino-Japanese War (during World War II) and the Chinese Civil War before withdrawing with the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949.

After 1949, the ROC Army has participated in combat operations on Kinmen and the Dachen Archipelago against the PLA in the Battle of Kuningtou, and in the First and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. In addition to these major conflicts, ROCA commandos were regularly sent to raid the Fujian and Guangdong coasts. Until the 1970s, the stated mission of the Army was to retake the mainland from the People's Republic of China. Following the lifting of martial law in 1988 and the democratization of the 1990s, the mission of the ROC Army has been shifted to the defense of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu from a PLA invasion.

With the reduction of the size of the ROC armed forces in recent years, the Army has endured the largest number of cutbacks as ROC military doctrine has begun to emphasize the importance of offshore engagement with the Navy and Air Force. Subsequent to this shift in emphasis, the ROC Navy and Air Force have taken precedence over the ROC Army in defense doctrine and weapons procurement.^[8] Recent short-term goals in the Army include acquisition and development of joint command and control systems, advanced attack helicopters and armored vehicles, Multiple Launch Rocket System and field air defense systems. The Army is also in the process of transitioning to an all volunteer force.^[5]

Equipment[]

Firecar2 — The CM-32 Armoured Vehicle, currently under production (mobile-gun platform variant is shown).

File:M60A3 Taiwan 03.jpg

An ROCA M60A3 TTS Main Battle Tank.

From the 1990s onwards, the Republic of China Army launched several upgrade programmes to replace out-dated equipment with cutting edge state of the art advanced weapons, also increasing its emphasis on forces that could be rapidly deployed and were suited for combat in Taiwan's heavily urbanized environment. Orders were placed with the United States for M60A3 Patton tanks, M109A6 "Paladin" howitzers and AH-1W SuperCobra attack helicopters, as well as updating existing equipment.

Along with the other ROC military branches, the ROC Army has extensive experience in the construction and utilization of underground tunnels and bases gained during the People's Republic of China's bombardments of Kinmen and Matsu during the Cold War and many facilities are rumoured to be located underground in undisclosed locations.

The U.S. Government announced on October 3, 2008 that it plans to sell $6.5 billion worth of arms to Taiwan ending the freeze of arms sales to Taiwan. Amongst other things, the plans include $2.532 billion worth of 30 AH-64D Apache Longbow Block III Attack helicopters with night-vision sensors, radar, 173 Stinger Block I air-to-air missiles and 1000 AGM-114L Hellfire missiles.^[9] and 182 Javelin missiles will also be available with 20 Javelin command launchers and is estimated to cost $47 million.^[10]^[11]

On January 29, 2010, US Government announced 5 notifications to US Congress for arms sales to Taiwan. Of the total 6.392 billion US dollars in the 5 announcements, ROC Army will receive 60 UH-60M and other related things for cost of 3.1 Billion.^[12]

Helicopters[]

In July 2007 it was reported that the ROC Army would request the purchase of 30 AH-64E Apache Guardian attack helicopters from the US in the 2008 defence budget.^[13] In October 2015 it was announced that 9 AH-64E had been grounded due to oxidation of components in the helicopters' tail rotor gearboxes and comprehensive safety checks were made on all Apaches. The 2008 defense budget also listed a request for 60 UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters as a partial replacement for the UH-1Hs currently in service.^[14]

Main battle tanks[]

It was reported that the ROC Army was seeking new third generation main battle tanks, as the M60A3s and CM-11s are aging. The possible tanks under consideration were the US M1A2, UK Challenger, German Leopard 2A6, French AMX-56 Leclerc and the Israeli Merkava. However, it was expected to procure the M1A2 due to closer military ties.^[15]

On August 31, 2010, it was announced for next year's defense budget, ROCA plan for next generation MBT had been put on hold due to lack of budget.^[16] The army was approved to buy 120 M1A1s, with budget allocation set for 2017 and delivery of the first batch expected by 2020. Some criticisms were made to these purchases, some analysts expressed that Taiwan's terrain and some of its bridges and roads are unsuitable for the 60-tonne M1A1.

In October 2017, Taiwan abandoned attempts to acquire surplus M1 Abrams from the U.S. and announced an upgrade program for 450 M60A3s consisting of replacing the main gun with a new 120 mm weapon, as well as upgrading the ballistics computer, turret hydraulics, and other systems. Testing and evaluation are expected to be completed in 2019 and application of new features to start in 2020.^[17]

Infantry vehicles[]

CM-32 Yunpao, an 8x8 armoured personnel carrier locally manufactured, will replace ageing M113s and V-150 armoured vehicles. It is a modular vehicle platform capable of accepting various configurations for specific combat requirements.

Armoured vehicles[]

Vehicle	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
M60A3 TTS	United States	Main Battle Tank	480	Some are transferred to ROCMC^[18]
CM-11 (M48H)	Taiwan	Main Battle Tank	450	Assembled in Taiwan 1988–1994. Some transferred to ROCMC
CM-12	Taiwan	Medium Tank	100	Modified in Taiwan from M48A3^[19]
M48A3	Taiwan	Medium Tank	50	Received 309 M48A1/A2 in the 1970s, modified in Taiwan to M48A3, 250 upgraded to CM-12 standard^[19]
M41	United States	Light Tank	775	50 M41D Modified in Taiwan, some M41 are in used by ROCMC
CM-32	Taiwan	Eight-Wheeled IFV/Light Armoured Vehicle	~100	In production, first batch of 652, first unit will be 200th MIB in Central Taiwan.^[7] 368 vehicles entering service by 2017–2018
CM-21	Taiwan	M113 APC Variant	1,000+	Various variants produced from 1982 to 2009. CM-21/A1 personnel carrier CM-22 mortar carrier for 107mm/120mm mortar CM-23 mortar carrier for 81mm mortar CM-24/A1 ammo carrier, can carry either 90 rounds of 155mm or 42 rounds 203mm CM-25 TOW launcher CM-26 Command Track CM-27/A1 Recovery
M113	United States	Tracked APC	650	Various variants, including personnel carrier, mortar carrier, ammo carrier, TOW launcher(retired), command and recovery^[20]
V-150S	United States	Amphibious APC	300	With Southern Army Group, 298th Mech Inf Brigade
AM General Humvee	United States	Light Utility Vehicle	7,000+ vehicles^[21]	Various variants, including to carry local made machine guns and TOW 2A launchers, and others.

Artillery[]

Weapon	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
M110A2	United States	203mm Self-Propelled Howitzer	60
M109A2/A5	United States	155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer	197/28^[22]	Some transferred to ROCMC
M108	United States	105mm Self-Propelled Howitzer	225 ^[22]
M1	United States	240mm Fixed/Towed Howitzer	30+	Stationed in Kinmen/Quemoy and Matsu
M115	United States	203mm Towed Howitzer	90^[22]
M59 "Long Tom"	United States	155mm Towed Howitzer	390^[22]
M101	United States	105mm Towed Howitzer	650
M712 Copperhead	United States	155mm Laser-guided AP Artillery shell	??
RT/LT-2000	Taiwan	117mm, 180mm, or 227mm Wheeled MRL	43	57 originally ordered, later reduced to 43
Kung Feng VI	Taiwan	117mm or 126mm Wheeled MRL	72	24 per Corp^[23]

Helicopters and UAVs[]

Aircraft	Origin	Type	In service^[5]^[24]	Notes
AH-64E Apache	United States	Attack helicopter	29	30 ordered, one lost to crash ^[25]^[26]
AH-1W SuperCobra	United States	Attack helicopter	61
Bell OH-58D Kiowa	United States	Light Observation Helicopter	39	Partially assembled in Taiwan
OH-6A Cayuse ^[27]	United States	Light Observation Helicopter	??
Bell TH-67A Creek	United States	Training helicopter	30
CH-47SD Chinook	United States	Heavy transport helicopter	9
UH-60M Black Hawk	United States	Utility helicopter	60 ^[28]	60 ordered. Delivery starts mid December 2014 for first 6, rest to arrive by in seven batches with full delivery by 2018^[29]
AIDC UH-1H Iroquois	Taiwan	Utility helicopter	Fewer than 40	118 built under licence by AIDC
Chung Shyang II UAV	Taiwan	Recon UAV	32

Anti-aircraft weapons[]

Platform	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
AIM-9 Sidewinder	United States	IR-guided Air-to-Air Missile (AAM)	300	AIM-9S. Carry by F-16 or AH-1W^[30]
AIM-92 Stinger	United States	IR-guided Air-To-Air Stinger (ATAS)	173	Block I, ordered for AH-64D Block III APACHE Longbow Attack Helicopters^[31]
Sky Sword II (TC-2)	Taiwan	Radar-guided mid-range SAM/AAM	??	Carry by AIDC F-CK-1 or Tracked/Wheeled Trucks
MIM-72/M48 Chaparral	United States	Tracked Sidewinder short-range SAM	40	In service with Southern Army Group only. With 646 rounds of MIM-72F and 302 rounds of MIM-72E/G/J^[22]
Sky Sword I (TC-1)	Taiwan	IR-guided short-range SAM/AAM	??	Carry by AIDC F-CK-1 or Tracked/Wheeled Trucks
M-1097 Avenger (AN/TWQ-1)	United States	Wheeled Stinger short-range SAM SPAAG	74	In service with Northern and Central Army Group only, came with 1299 Stingers purchased in the same deal^[22]
M42 Duster	United States	Tracked twin 40mm short-range AAA SPAAG	??	Still in service with Northern and Central Army Group anti-air units, 1 battalion each.^[32]
Dual Mounted Stinger (DMS)	United States	IR-guided Seated Tripod Stinger Launcher (not shoulder-fired MANPADS)	116	55 Stinger DMS launchers with 465 RMP rounds, from US Army stockpile and rebuilt/refurbished, sold to Taiwan May 1996 for 80 million.^[33] 61 Stinger DMS launchers with 728 rounds, delivered between 1996 and 1998 for 180 million, some transferred to ROCMC^[22]
FIM-92 Stinger	United States	IR-guided Light Shoulder-fired MANPADS	1193

Anti-ship weapons[]

Platform	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
Hsiung Feng III	Taiwan	Radar-guided Ramjet Anti-Ship Missile (AShM)	??	Truck platform^[34]
Hsiung Feng II	Taiwan	Radar-guided Sea skimming Anti-Ship Missile (AShM)	??	Truck platform

Anti-tank weapons[]

Platform	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
Hellfire AGM-114L	United States	Radar-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)	1,000	On order to be carried by AH-64E
Hellfire AGM-114K3	United States	Laser-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)	240	Carried by AH-1W and OH-58D since 1999
Hellfire AGM-114C	United States	Laser-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)	684	Carried by AH-1W and OH-58D^[22]
BGM-71 TOW-2A/B	United States	Optical/Wire-guided Anti-Tank Missile (ATGM)	3,100+ rounds and 163+ launchers^[35]	Used by ROC Army and ROCMC on HUMVEE, M-113, CM-25, and on AH-1W and OH-58D helicopters. After 1997, Taiwan purchased 1786 TOW-2A and 290 TOW-2B^[36]
FGM-148 Javelin	United States	IR-guided Shoulder-fired Top attack Radio VT Fuze Anti-Tank Missile (ATGM)	360 and 40 launchers	182 with 20 launchers on order
APILAS	France	Unguided Shoulder-fired Top attack Radio VT Fuze Anti-Tank Missile (ATM)	1,000	Over 1,000 delivered by 1998
M136 (AT4)	Sweden	Unguided Light Shoulder-fired Shaped charge RPG	??	Licence-built in US
M72 LAW	United States	Unguided Light Shoulder-fired Shaped charge RPG	??	Produced locally as the Type 66

Other surface attack weapons[]

Platform	Origin	Type	In service	Notes
Yun Feng	Taiwan	GPS-guided Supersonic Cruise missile/SSM	??	Truck platform
Hsiung Feng IIE	Taiwan	GPS-guided Subsonic Cruise missile/SSM	??	Truck platform^[34]
Hellfire AGM-114M3	United States	Laser-guided Bunker buster ASM	449	Carry by AH-1W or OH-58D or AH-64E, ordered 9/2002^[31]
Hellfire AGM-114L^[37]	United States	Radar-guided Air-to-Surface Missile (ASM)/Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)	1000^[38]	Carry by AH-64E
Hydra 70^[39]	United States	Unguided anti-materiel Rocket	??	Carry by AH-64E, AH-1W, or OH-58D

Small arms[]

Weapon	Origin	Type	Notes
T75K1	Taiwan	9mm pistol	Based on M9/Beretta 92
Glock 17	Austria	9mm pistol
USP	Germany	9mm pistol
T51	Taiwan	.45 ACP pistol	License-produced M1911A1
Uzi	Israel	9mm submachine gun
Type 77 SMG	Taiwan	9mm submachine gun
Calico M960	United States	9mm submachine gun
MP5A5	Germany	9mm submachine gun
FN P90	Belgium	5.7x28mm personal defense weapon
M1 Carbine	United States	.30 Carbine carbine
Franchi SPAS-12	Italy	12-gauge combat shotgun
M1014	Italy	12-gauge semi-automatic shotgun
M16A1	United States	5.56mm NATO assault rifle	Limited use only
T65	Taiwan	5.56mm NATO assault rifle
T86	Taiwan	5.56mm NATO rifle & 40mm grenade launcher	Evaluation Only
AUG	Austria	5.56mm NATO assault rifle
M4A1	United States	5.56mm NATO carbine assault rifle
T91 carbine	Taiwan	5.56mm NATO carbine assault rifle	Current standard issue
Type 57	Taiwan	7.62mm NATO battle rifle	License-produced M14
M24	United States	.308 Win sniper rifle
T93 sniper rifle	Taiwan	7.62 × 51 mm NATO sniper rifle
SSG-2000	Switzerland	.308 Win sniper rifle
DSR-1	Germany	.308 Win sniper rifle
PSG-1	Germany	.308 Win sniper rifle
Barrett M82A1 and also M107A1	United States	.50 BMG sniper rifle	Used with Army Special Forces
FN Minimi or T75 light machine gun	Belgium	5.56mm NATO squad automatic weapon
T74 general-purpose machine gun	Taiwan	7.62mm NATO general-purpose machine gun	Based on FN MAG
M2	United States	.50 BMG heavy machine gun
T85 grenade launcher	Taiwan	40mm grenade launcher
MGL Mk-1	South Africa	40mm grenade launcher
Mk-19 Mod 3	United States	40mm automatic grenade launcher	Licensed production in Taiwan

Future weapons and acquisition[]

Platform	Origin	Type	Notes
XT-99	Taiwan	9mm machine pistol	In development from Glock 18, SIG P226, FN FNP-45, Five-seveN, and PDW^[40]
MSR 9mm	Taiwan	9mm submachine gun	In development from HK MP5, Magpul FMG-9, B&T MP9, FN P90, and PDW^[41]
XT-97	Taiwan	5.56mm NATO assault rifle	Designed in 2008 due for service in 2011 for Special forces^[42]
XT-100	Taiwan	6.8mm SPC assault rifle	In development from Gas-Operation, M951-KIT02, BGV-QDSF, and Harris BRM-S^[43]
XT-101	Taiwan	3-in-one assault rifle	In development from 6.5 Grendel, Diamondhead D-45, Ergo 4015, and Vltor EMod^[44]
MUSR	Taiwan	3-in-one assault rifle	In development from FN Scar, HK416, SG 550, AK-12, ARX-160, ACR, and XCR^[45]
XT-98	Taiwan	7.62mm NATO battle rifle	In development from Mk 14 EBR, FN FAL, SR-25, and LWRC REPR^[40]
Yun Feng	Taiwan	Supersonic Cruise missile	Production for the new missile is scheduled to begin in 2014^[46]

Notes[]

References[]

↑ Joint Statement Issued by Partners at the Counter-ISIL Coalition Ministerial Meeting
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External links[]

ROC Army webpage (English)

v t e Republic of China Armed Forces

Branches	Army Navy Marine Corps Naval Aviation Air Force Military Police

Organizations	Ministry of National Defense National Security Bureau Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Veterans Affairs Commission

Equipment	Sky Bow Sky Sword I / II Wan Chien Hsiung Feng I / II / IIE / III IDF Ching-kuo CM-32 Type 64 tank T65 assault rifle T74 Machine Gun T75 Light machine gun T75 Pistol T77 Sub Machine Gun T86 assault rifle T91 assault rifle T93 sniper rifle XT-97 Assault Rifle

Issues	Weapons of mass destruction Political status of Taiwan Taiwan independence Taiwan Strait crises (1955/1958/1996)

Command Centers	Heng Shan Military Command Center Yuan Shan Military Command Center

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The original article can be found at Republic of China Army and the edit history here.