Type 10

This article is about a modern main battle tank for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. For the World War II Japanese infantry mortar, see Type 10 Grenade Discharger.

Type 10 Hitomaru
JGSDF Type10 Tank of the 1st Armored Training Unit, Eastern Army Combined Brigade. In Camp Takeyama, Japan.
Type	Main battle tank
Place of origin	Japan
Service history
In service	2012–present
Production history
Manufacturer	Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Unit cost	¥954 million; $11.3 million (2010)
Produced	2010 -
No. built	13 (2011: FY 2010) 68 (FY 2011~2015 planning estimate)
Specifications
Mass	43.25 tonnes (standard) 48 tonnes (fully)
Length	9.485 m
Width	3.24 m
Height	2.30 m
Crew	3 (commander, gunner and driver)
Armor	Nano-crystal steel (nor Triple Hardness Steel), Modular ceramic composite armor, Light weight upper armor.
Main armament	120 mm L44 smoothbore cannon, built by Japan Steel Works, Ltd
Secondary armament	M2HB 12.7 mm machine gun Type 74 7.62 mm machine gun
Engine	4-stroke cycle V8 Diesel engine 1200 hp/2300 rpm
Power/weight	27 hp/tonne
Transmission	Continuously variable transmission (Hydraulic Mechanical Transmission)
Suspension	Hydropneumatic Active suspension
Operational range	440 km
Maximum speed	Forward: 70 km/h Backward: 70 km/h

The Type 10 (10式戦車, Hitomaru-shiki sensha) is a 4th-generation main battle tank that the Japan Ground Self Defense Force has been equipped with, and boasts significant enhancements in its capability to respond to anti-tank warfare, mobile strikes, special operations force attacks, and other contingencies.

Overview

The TK-X (MBT-X) project aims to produce the new Type 10 main battle tank, to replace or complement the existing Type 74 and Type 90 main battle tanks that are currently in service with the Japan Ground Self Defense Force. Development began in the 1990s, and production is expected to start in 2010–2011. A prototype was revealed on February 13, 2008 at the Technology Research and Development Institute (TRDI) in Sagamihara. Heavy emphasis was placed on C4I capabilities as well as on performance, firepower, protection and mobility.

The use of modular components significantly improves the side armor compared to the Type 90. The Commander's Panoramic Sight has been moved to the right and is located at a higher position than the Type 90, giving the commander a wide range of view.

According to a GlobalSecurity report, the vehicle is expected to be armed with a new 120 mm smoothbore gun developed by Japan Steel Works, who also license-produce the Rheinmetall L44 120mm gun for the Type 90 MBT. There is an option for longer barrels of 50 and 55 calibers (L50, L55). The gun will fire newly developed armor-piercing ammunition, but is also compatible with all standard 120 mm NATO ammunition.

The vehicle's armor consists of modular sections, providing the ability to mount varying degrees of protection depending on the mission profile as well as weight requirements. Vehicle weight is about 40 tonnes with the base configuration, and 48 tonnes when fully equipped. The prototype featured in 2008 at TRDI weighed 44 tonnes.

The development costs as of 2008 are approximately JPY ¥48,400M (approximately US$ $447M). Each unit is expected to cost approximately ¥700M ($6.5M).

The Japanese Ministry of Defense formally acknowledged the Type 10 in December 2009. In 2010, the Japanese Ministry of Defense placed a ¥12,400M order for thirteen Type 10 tanks (Unit cost: ¥954M).

These Type 10 tanks entered JGSDF service in January, 2012.

Other features are as follows;

• Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) that allows the tank to reach 70 km/h forward as well as reverse.
• Autoloader with crew of three (Commander and gunner in the turret, driver in the hull).
• Hydropneumatic active suspension, which allows it to adjust its stance and absorbs recoil when firing.
• Day/night sights mounted around the turret, providing a full 360° coverage as well as providing input to the C4I system.

The most remarkable characteristic of the Type 10 tank lies in its C4I function (command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence). This can be incorporated into the JGSDF network to enable sharing of information among tanks, as well as connected to the infantry’s outdoor computer network “Regiment Command Control System”(ReCS) to facilitate integrated military operations with the infantry troops.

On 4 January 2014, sources revealed that Turkey was interested in signing a joint development deal of tank engines based on the Type 10's engine. The technology of the Type 10's engine allows it to move backwards at a speed of 70 km/h (43 mph). The engine was to power the Turkish Altay indigenous tank. However, negotiations broke down and the deal was "off the agenda" by March 2014. Reasons included Japan's stringent arms export ban laws, the intention of Turkey to attempt to export the Altay, and Japan’s reluctance to license the joint engine.

Gallery

A Type 10 prototype demonstration at the JGSDF Fuji School in Gotemba, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan

Prototype #3

Prototype #3 rear

Prototype #3 nameplate

Production Model

120mm smooth bore gun

Cal.50 M2 gun and smoke discharger

Sensors and Cal.50 M2 Gun

Type90(left) and Type10

Type74(left) and Type10

See also

• Type 61
• Type 74
• Type 90

References

• Type 10 MBT-X Prototype (TK-X) -GlobalSecurity.org
• Shinichi Kiyotani, 'Japan unveils TK-X main battle tank prototype,' Jane's Defence Weekly, Vol.45, Issue 9, 27 February 2008, p. 13
• Japan unveils MBT prototype - Jane's Land Forces News.
• Accelerating Defence Acquisition: What Defence Can Learn From the World of Motorsport - Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies(RUSI), 'RUSI Defence Systems, June 2008, p. 81,p. 82'.
• IDG News Service video on the Type 10 tank
• Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 1 - Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 2 - Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 3 - Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• Introduction of the aircraft Type 10 tank: Japan Defense Focus No.33 Column, Oct 2012 - Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• New Tank - Japanese Ministry of Defense TRDI.
• TRDI 50th Annual - Japanese Ministry of Defense TRDI.

External links

• TRDI Official Photos of Type 10 tank #1
• TRDI Official Video of TK-X tank
• 10式戦車　スラローム射撃 JGSDF Type 10 MBT - Car Watch YouTube