Fritz Frauenheim

Fritz Frauenheim
File:Fritz Frauenheim.jpg
Born	(1912-03-09)9 March 1912
Died	28 September 1969(1969-09-28) (aged 57)
Place of birth	Berlin-Friedenau
Place of death	Hamburg
Allegiance	Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Reichsmarine Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1930–1945
Rank	Fregattenkapitän
Unit	2nd U-boat Flotilla 1st U-boat Flotilla 7th U-boat Flotilla 23rd U-boat Flotilla 29th U-boat Flotilla
Commands held	German submarine U-21 (19362), 1 October 1937 - 6 January 1940 U-101, 11 March 1940 - 18 November 1940
Awards	Spanish Cross Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Other work	Oil industry

Fritz Frauenheim (9 January 1912 - 28 September 1969) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940, he sank 19 ships for a total of 78,853 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged two others. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), among other commendations. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Early life

Frauenheim was born in Berlin-Friedenau on 9 March 1912. He entered the navy and spent his initial training on the cadet ship Schleswig-Holstein, followed by a period on the light cruiser Karlsruhe. He was transferred to the U-boat force in January 1936 and rose quickly through the ranks and on 1 April 1939 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant. He appears to have spent time with the German forces supporting the Spanish Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War, as he was awarded the Spanish Cross on 6 June 1939.

Wartime career

Frauenheim had been made watch officer on U-25 in 1938, eventually spending over a year in this role, until October 1939. He was appointed to command U-21 on 1 October 1937, eventually carrying out five patrols, eventually sinking four merchant ships. He also laid mines, one of which damaged HMS Belfast on 21 November, putting her out of action for nearly three years. The Net-class boom defence vessel Bayonet was sunk by one of U-21’s mines on 21 December.

Frauenheim left U-21 on 6 January 1940, taking over command of the newly built U-101 on 11 March 1940. He commissioned the boat and took her on four successful patrols. He sank a total of 12 ships, including three sunk and one damaged from convoy SC-7. He left U-101 on 18 November 1940 and became a teacher in the 2nd ULD. He went on to hold a number of staff positions, before taking command of 23rd U-boat Flotilla in the Mediterranean in September 1941. In 1942 he moved to command 29th U-boat Flotilla. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän. In February 1944 Frauenheim joined the staff of the Admiral der Kleinkampfverbände (Admiral of Midget Assault Units), where he remained for the rest of the war. He was again promoted, this time to Fregattenkapitän on 1 December 1944.

Post war

After the end of the war Frauenheim spent eight months in Allied captivity before being released. Frauenheim for almost 20 years until his death worked at the Mobil Oil AG in the Federal Republic of Germany. His last position was a member of the board and head of the department of Marine Transportation and Pipelines. He died in Hamburg on 28 September 1969, aged 57.

Summary of career

Ships attacked

As a U-boat commander of U-21 and U-101 Fritz Frauenheim is credited with the sinking of 18 ships for a total of 78,248 gross register tons (GRT), further damaging one ship of 4,166 GRT, sinking one auxiliary warship of 605 metric tons (595 long tons; 667 short tons), and damaging one warship of 11,500 metric tons (11,300 long tons; 12,700 short tons).

Date	U-boat	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate
21 November 1939	U-21	HMS Belfast	UK	11,500	Damaged (mine)
1 December 1939	U-21	Mercator	Finland	4,620	Sunk
21 December 1939	U-21	Carl Henckel	Sweden	1,352	Sunk
21 December 1939	U-21	HMS Bayonet	UK	605	Sunk (mine)
21 December 1939	U-21	Mars	Sweden	1,475	Sunk
31 January 1940	U-21	Vidar	Denmark	1,353	Sunk
24 February 1940	U-21	Royal Archer	UK	2,266	Sunk (mine)
26 May 1940	U-101	Stanhall	UK	4,831	Sunk
31 May 1940	U-101	Orangemoor	UK	5,775	Sunk
2 June 1940	U-101	Polycarp	UK	3,577	Sunk
11 June 1940	U-101	Mount Hymettus	Greece	5,820	Sunk
12 June 1940	U-101	Earlspark	UK	5,250	Sunk
14 June 1940	U-101	Antonis Georgandis	Greece	3,557	Sunk
16 June 1940	U-101	Wellington Star	UK	13,212	Sunk
19 August 1940	U-101	Ampleforth	UK	4,576	Sunk
28 August 1940	U-101	Elle	Finland	3,868	Sunk
1 September 1940	U-101	Efploia	Greece	3,867	Sunk
12 October 1940	U-101	Saint-Malo	Canada	5,799	Sunk
18 October 1940	U-101	Blairspey	UK	4,155	Damaged
18 October 1940	U-101	Creekirk	UK	3,917	Sunk
19 October 1940	U-101	Assyrian	UK	2,962	Sunk
19 October 1940	U-101	Soesterberg	Netherlands	1,904	Sunk

Awards

• Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (2 October 1936)
• Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939)
• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class (2 October 1939)
  • 1st Class (7 November 1939)
• Sudetenland Medal (20 December 1938)
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 August 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-101
• Knight's Cross of the Order of the Roman Eagle with Swords (18 June 1943)
• German Cross in Gold on 23 November 1944 as Korvettenkapitän with the Admiral of the Kleinkampfverbände
• Mentioned twice in the Wehrmachtbericht (17 June 1940 and 19 October 1940)

References in the Wehrmachtbericht

Date	Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording	Direct English translation
Monday, 17 June 1940	Ein Unterseeboot unter Führung des Kapitänleutnants Frauenheim meldet die Versenkung von 41 500 BRT Schiffsraum, darunter den britischen Dampfer "Wellington Star" von 11 400 BRT.	A submarine under the command of Lieutenant Frauenheim reports the sinking of 41 500 tons of shipping, including the British steamer "Wellington Star" of 11 400 tons.
Saturday, 19 October 1940	... An diesen Erfolgen ist das unter Führung des Kapitänleutnants Frauenheim stehende Unterseeboot mit zehn Dampfern von 51 000 BRT, das Unterseeboot des Kapitänleutnants Kretschmer mit sieben Dampfern von 45 000 BRT, das Unterseeboot des Kapitänleutnants Moehle mit sieben Dampfern von 44 050 BRT beteiligt.	The submarines led by Lieutenant Frauenheim contributed with ten steamships of 51 000 tons, the submarine of Lieutenant Kretschmer with seven steamships of 45 000 tons, the submarine of Lieutenant Moehle with seven steamships of 44 050 tons, to these successes.

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Busch, Hans-Joachim; Röll (2003) (in German). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945]. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2. 
• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) (in German). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtsteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches]. Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6. 
• Kurowski, Franz (1995). Knight's Cross Holders of the U-Boat Service. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-748-2. 
• Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001) (in German). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2]. Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8. 
• Range, Clemens (1974). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Navy]. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87943-355-1. 
• Scherzer, Veit (2007) (in German). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives]. Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2. 
• (in German) Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945, 1. September 1939 bis 31. Dezember 1941. 1. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 3-423-05944-3. 

External links

• Frauenheim's life and career (German)