German submarine U-36 (1936)

For other ships of the same name, see German submarine U-36.

German submarine U-36 (1936)
U-36 at sea in 1936: note the boat's number on the conning tower and hull. They were erased on the commencement of hostilities
Career
Name:	U-36
Ordered:	25 March 1935
Builder:	Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel
Yard number:	559
Laid down:	2 March 1936
Launched:	4 November 1936
Commissioned:	16 December 1936
Fate:	Sunk, 4 December 1939
General characteristics
Type:	Type VIIA submarine
Displacement:	626 tonnes (616 long tons) ↑ 745 t (733 long tons) ↓
Length:	64.5 m (211 ft 7 in) o/a 44.5 m (146 ft 0 in) pressure hull
Beam:	5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) o/a 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Draft:	4.4 m (14 ft 5 in)
Propulsion:	2 × MAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M6V 40/46 diesel engines totalling 2,100–2,310 bhp (1,570–1,720 kW). Max rpm: 470-485 2 × Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 electric motors, totalling 750 shp (560 kW). Max rpm: 322
Speed:	17 knots (20 mph; 31 km/h) ↑ 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) ↓
Range:	6,200 nmi (11,500 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h) ↑ 73–94 nmi (135–174 km) at 4 kn (7.4 km/h) ↓
Test depth:	220 m (720 ft) Crush depth: 230–250 m (750–820 ft)
Complement:	42–46 officers and ratings
Armament:	• 5 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) • 11 × torpedoes or 22 TMA mines or 33 TMB mines • 1 × 8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun (220 rounds) • 1 × C30 20 mm AA

Service record
Part of:	U-Boat Training Flotilla (16 December 1936 – 1 August 1939) 2nd U-boat Flotilla (1 September – 4 December 1939)
Identification codes:	M 13 703
Commanders:	Kptlt. Klaus Ewerth (16 December 1936 – 31 October 1938) KrvKpt. Wilhelm Fröhlich (1 February – 4 December 1939)
Operations:	1st patrol: 7–30 September 1939 2nd patrol: 2–4 December 1939
Victories:	Two commercial ships sunk (2,813 GRT) one commercial ship captured (1,617 GRT)

German submarine U-36 was a Type VIIA U-boat of the Nazi German Kriegsmarine which served during World War II. She was constructed in the earliest days of the U-boat arm at Kiel in 1936, and served in the pre-war Navy in the Baltic Sea and North Sea under Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Klaus Ewerth. Korvettenkapitän (KrvKpt.)Wilhelm Fröhlich took command in October 1938 and continued in the role until the boat was lost. During the war, U-36 undertook two patrols, but was sunk by a torpedo fired by HMS Salmon. She was lost with all hands.

Construction and design

Construction

U-36 is commissioned, December 1936

U-36 was ordered by the German Kriegsmarine on 25 March 1935 as part of the German Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Her keel was laid down in the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen as Werk 559 on 2 March 1936. After about eight months of construction, she was launched on 4 November 1936 and commissioned on 16 December under the command of Kptlt. Klaus Ewerth.

Design

Main article: German Type VII submarine

Like all Type VIIA submarines, U-36 displaced 626 tonnes (616 long tons) while surfaced and 745 t (733 long tons) when submerged. She was 64.5 m (211 ft 7 in) in overall length and had a 44.5 m (146 ft 0 in) pressure hull. U-36's propulsion consisted of two MAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M6V 40/46 diesel engines that totaled 2,100–2,310 bhp (1,570–1,720 kW). Her maximum rpm was between 470 and 485. The submarine was also equipped with two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 electric motors that totaled 750 shp (560 kW). Their maximum rpm was 322. These engines gave U-36 a total speed of 17 knots (20 mph; 31 km/h) while surfaced and 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) when submerged. This resulted in a range of 6,200 nmi (11,500 km) while traveling at 10 kn (19 km/h) on the surface and 73–94 nmi (135–174 km) at 4 kn (7.4 km/h) when submerged. The U-boat's test depth was 220 m (720 ft) but she could go as deep as 230–250 m (750–820 ft) without having her hull crushed.

U-36's armament consisted of five 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four located in the bow and one in the stern). She could have up to 11 torpedoes on board or 22 TMA or 33 TMB mines. U-36 was also equipped with a 8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun and had 220 rounds for it stowed on board. Her anti-aircraft defenses consisted of one C30 20 mm AA gun.

Service history

U-36 during training exercises in 1936

First patrol

U-36 was at sea when the war broke out, having set out from Wilhelmshaven on 31 August 1939. She arrived in Kiel on 6 September and the following day departed for her first war patrol. She then patrolled the North Sea for three weeks, hoping to catch ships traveling between Britain and Scandinavia carrying war supplies. During this patrol, the boat sank two steamers, the SS Truro and the SS Silesia—one British and the other from neutral Sweden—carrying British produce. Seahorse, a British submarine, later fired upon U-36 and subsequently claimed to have sunk her, although in fact the torpedo missed. On 27 September Fröhlich and his crew captured another Swedish vessel, the SS Algeria, which he proceeded to escort back to Germany as the patrol came to an end. She returned to her berth in Kiel at the end of September, where she remained until December. During her first patrol, U-36 was also credited with having laid the mine that sank the Norwegian freighter, Solaas.

Second patrol

U-36 and another U-boat in the background at sea in 1936

On 17 November 1939, Naval High Command (SKL) issued orders for U-36 and U-38 to scout the location for Basis Nord, a secret German naval base for raids on Allied shipping located off the Kola Peninsula and provided by the Soviet Union. The mission required coded messages to be flashed to Soviet naval vessels patrolling the area preceding a Soviet escort to the prospective base location.

However, U-36 never left the Norwegian Sea. On 4 December 1939, two days out of Wilhelmshaven, she was spotted on the surface near the Norwegian port of Stavanger by the British submarine HMS Salmon. Salmon then fired one torpedo at her unwitting counterpart. It sank U-36, all 40 of the sailors aboard were lost. During the same patrol, the Salmon also torpedoed the light cruisers Leipzig and Nürnberg.

Following the loss of U-36, U-38 continued towards the Kola Peninsula, successfully reaching the location and accomplished the scouting mission for Basis Nord.

Summary of raiding career

Date	Ship	Nationality	Tonnage	Fate
15 September 1939	SS Truro	Great Britain	974	Sunk
25 September 1939	SS Silesia	Sweden	1,839	Sunk
27 September 1939	SS Algeria	Sweden	1,619	Captured
28 September 1939	SS Solaas	Norway	1,368	Sunk (mine)

See also

• List of German U-boats

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Blair, Clay (2000) [1996]. Hitler's U-boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 0-679-64032-0. 
• Philbin III, Tobias R. (1994). The Lure of Neptune: German-Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions, 1919–1941. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-992-8. 
• Roskill, Stephen (1998) [1960]. The Navy at War 1939–1945. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 1-85326-697-3. 
• Sharpe, Peter (1998). U-Boat Fact File. Midland Publishing, Great Britain. ISBN 1-85780-072-9. 

External links

• U-36 at u-boot-archiv.de (German)