German submarine U-68 (1940) | |
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Career (Nazi Germany) | |
Name: | U-68 |
Ordered: | 7 August 1939 |
Builder: | AG Weser, Bremen |
Yard number: | 987 |
Laid down: | 20 April 1940 |
Launched: | 22 October 1940 |
Commissioned: | 1 February 1941 |
Fate: | Sunk 10 April 1944 north-west of Madeira, Portugal. 56 dead and 1 survivor[1] |
Service record | |
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Commanders |
Krvkpt. Karl Fredrich Merten (11 February 1941–21 January 1943) Oblt. Albert Lauzemis (21 January–16 June 1943) Oblt. Ekkehard Scherraus (14 June–July 1943) Oblt. Gerhard Seehausen (July–29 July 1943) Oblt. Albert Lauzemis (30 July 1943–10 April 1944) |
Operations |
Ten: 1st patrol: 30 June–1 August 1941 2nd patrol: 11 September–25 December 1941 3rd patrol: 11 February–13 April 1942 4th patrol: 14 May –10 July 1942 6th patrol: 3 February–7 May 1943 7th patrol: 12–16 June 1943 8th patrol: 14 August–15 August 1943 9th patrol: 8 September–23 December 1943 10th patrol: 22 March–10 April 1944 |
Victories |
32 ships sunk (197,453 GRT) one auxillary warship sunk (545 GRT) |
German submarine U-68 was a Type IXC U-boat of the German Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 20 April 1940 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen as 'werk' 987, launched on 22 October and commissioned on 1 January 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Karl-Friedrich Merten as part of the 2. Unterseebootsflottille.
U-68 conducted ten combat patrols, sinking 32 merchant ships, for a total of 197,453 gross register tons (GRT); she also sank one auxiliary warship of 545 GRT. She was a member of one wolfpack.
On 10 April 1944, during her tenth patrol, she was sunk northwest of Madeira by US aircraft from the escort carrier Guadalcanal.
Service record[]
1st patrol[]
U-68 left Kiel on 30 June 1941 for the Atlantic Ocean via the 'gap' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She was unsuccessfully attacked with 24 depth charges by the British corvette HMS Rhododendrun west northwest of Cape Finisterre in Spain.[2] She docked at the port of Lorient, on the French Atlantic coast, on 1 August. She would be based there for the rest of her career.
2nd patrol[]
Heading for the south Atlantic, the boat came across the Silverbelle southwest of the Canary Islands and sank her on 22 September 1941. A month later, she sank the Darkdale while the unfortunate ship was at anchor in Jamestown harbour, St. Helena on 22 October. Her third victim, the Hazelside, was destroyed on the 28th, 600 mi (970 km) southeast of St. Helena. U-68 also sank the Bradford City west of South West Africa (now Namibia) on 1 November. The U-boat collided with the stricken ship while diving underneath her. The submarine's bow was bent.
Nevertheless, the submarine returned to Lorient on 25 December.
3rd patrol[]
U-68's third sortie was also conducted off the west coast of Africa. She sank the Helenus on 3 March 1942 200 mi (320 km) south of Freetown in Sierra Leone, followed by the Baluchstan on the 8th. The boat's crew were kept busy, sinking the Baron Newlands on the 16th and the Ile de Batz on the 17th; all the vessels met their end in the vicinity of Liberia.
She also sank the Scottish Prince about 180 mi (290 km) west of Takoradi in Gold Coast[3] and the Allende, both on the 17th.
U-68 had turned for home when she sank the Muncaster Castle with two torpedoes south southwest of Monrovia.[4] More than ten lifeboats were seen by the Germans; there were 329 survivors.
4th patrol[]
For her fourth patrol U-68 moved to the Caribbean Sea, leaving Lorient on 14 May 1942. On the night of 5 June she sank MV C.O. Stillman, which was then the largest oil tanker in the World.
On the night of 10 June, northeast of the Panama Canal, she torpedoed the 8,600-ton British freighter Surrey. 5,000 tons of dynamite in the cargo detonated after the ship sank. The shock wave lifted the U-boat out of the water as if she had suffered a torpedo hit; both diesel engines and the gyrocompass were disabled.[5]
Another victim was the Port Montreal. She was sunk with what Merten noted in the boat's war diary as a lucky [torpedo] hit. In all, U-68 sank seven ships during this patrol before returning to Lorient on 10 July.
5th patrol[]
The submarine left Lorient on her fifth patrol on 20 August 1942. She would not see her base again until December. At 109 days, this was to be her longest and most successful sally. Heading once more into the South Atlantic, she attacked and sank the Trevilley east northeast of Ascension Island on 12 September. The Master and Chief Officer were taken prisoner.
She travelled further south, sinking ships such as the Gaasterkerk on 8 October and the Sarthe on the same date, both in the area of the Cape of Good Hope. She also disposed of the Belgian Fighter on the 9th. Turning for home on 16 October, she sank the City of Cairo on 6 November. U-68 returned a month later to Lorient on 6 December.
6th patrol[]
The boat's sixth patrol in the first half of 1943 was again to northern South America. Having sunk two ships, she was attacked by a US Mariner flying boat on 2 April; damage was slight.
7th and 8th patrols[]
U-68 was attacked by one of four British De Haviland Mosquitos on the western edge of the Bay of Biscay on 14 June 943. One man was killed, three were wounded
Patrol number eight was relatively uneventful.
9th patrol[]
The boat returned to her most successful hunting ground - the South Atlantic. In another mammoth patrol (107 days), she sank four more ships.
One of them, the Norwegian tanker Litiopa, had numerous torpedoes and rounds from the deck gun fired at her, but stubbornly refused to succumb. Having been initially encountered at night on 21 October 1943, it was not until the following day that she sank.
The Litiopa's sole escort was the mine-sweeping trawler HMS Orfasy. She was sunk relatively easily on 21 October before the attack on the tanker.
The other two ships were the New Columbia, (sunk southwest of Bingerville, Ivory Coast) on 31 October and the French Fort de Vaux on 30 November. The latter vessel met her end after 'Aphrodite' radar decoys had been used to lure the escort vessels away.
U-68's inbound route took her close to the northwest Spanish coast. She docked at Lorient on 23 December 1943.
10th patrol and loss[]
The boat left Lorient for the last time on 22 March 1944. On 10 April, she was sunk northwest of the Portuguese island of Madeira, by depth charges and rockets from Avenger and Wildcat aircraft from the United States escort carrier Guadalcanal. U-68 was lost at position 33°24′N 18°59′W / 33.4°N 18.983°WCoordinates: 33°24′N 18°59′W / 33.4°N 18.983°W. 56 men died; there was one survivor.
Summary of raiding history[]
Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate[6] |
---|---|---|---|---|
22 September 1941 | Silverbelle | Great Britain | 5,302 | Sunk |
22 September 1941 | Darkdale | Great Britain | 8,145 | Sunk |
28 October 1941 | Hazelside | Great Britain | 5,297 | Sunk |
1 November 1941 | Bradford City | Great Britain | 4,953 | Sunk |
3 March 1942 | Helerus | Great Britain | 7,366 | Sunk |
8 March 1942 | Baluchistan | Great Britain | 6,992 | Sunk |
16 March 1942 | Baron Newlands | Great Britain | 3,386 | Sunk |
17 March 1942 | Allende | Great Britain | 5,081 | Sunk |
17 March 1942 | Ile de Batz | Great Britain | 5,755 | Sunk |
17 March 1942 | Scottish Prince | Great Britain | 4,917 | Sunk |
30 March 1942 | Muncaster Castle | Great Britain | 5,853 | Sunk |
5 June 1942 | L.J. Drake | USA | 6,693 | Sunk |
5 June 1942 | C.O. Stillman | Panama | 16,436 | Sunk |
10 June 1942 | Ardenvohr | Great Britain | 5,025 | Sunk |
10 June 1942 | Port Montreal | Great Britain | 5,882 | Sunk |
10 June 1942 | Surrey | Great Britain | 8,581 | Sunk |
15 June 1942 | Frimaire | France | 9,242 | Sunk |
23 June 1942 | Arnaga | Panama | 2,345 | Sunk |
12 September 1942 | Trevilley | Great Britain | 5,298 | Sunk |
15 September 1942 | Breedijk | Netherlands | 6,861 | Sunk |
8 October 1942 | Gaasterkerk | Netherlands | 8,679 | Sunk |
8 October 1942 | Koumoundouros | Greece | 3,598 | Sunk |
8 October 1942 | Sarthe | Great Britain | 5,271 | Sunk |
8 October 1942 | Swiftsure | USA | 8,207 | Sunk |
9 October 1942 | Belgian Fighter | Belgium | 5,403 | Sunk |
9 October 1942 | Examelia | USA | 4,981 | Sunk |
6 November 1942 | City of Cairo | Great Britain | 8,034 | Sunk |
13 March 1943 | Ceres | Netherlands | 2,680 | Sunk |
13 March 1943 | Cities Service Missouri | USA | 7,506 | Sunk |
21 October 1943 | HMS Orfasy | Great Britain | 545 | Sunk |
22 October 1943 | Litiopa | Norway | 5,356 | Sunk |
31 October 1943 | New Columbia | Great Britain | 6,574 | Sunk |
30 November 1943 | Fort de Vaux | France | 5,186 | Sunk |
Total amount of tonnage: | 201430 tons |
See also[]
References[]
- ↑ http://uboat.net/boats/u68.htm
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, ISBN 0 7230 0809 4, p. 15
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World, p. 48
- ↑ The Times Atlas of the World, p. 48
- ↑ Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942. Random House. p. not cited. ISBN 0-394-58839-8.
- ↑ "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}". uboat.net. http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u68.html. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
Sources[]
- Blair, Clay (2000). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942–1945. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 0-679-64033-9.
- Dunmore, Spencer (2002). Lost Subs: From the Hunley to the Kursk. The Greatest Submarines Ever Lost – and Found. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81140-5.
- Morisson, Samuel (1956). The Atlantic Battle Won, May 1943 – May 1945. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. X. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. OCLC 768913584.
External links[]
- ubootwaffe.net webpage for U-68
- uboataces.com webpage with insignia for U-66
- at u-boot-archiv.de (German)
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