Haakon Maurice Chevalier (Lakewood Township, New Jersey, September 10, 1901 – July 4, 1985) was an American author, translator, and professor of French literature at the University of California, Berkeley best known for his friendship with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, whom he met at Berkeley, California in 1937. Oppenheimer's relationship with Chevalier, and Chevalier's relationship with a possible recruiter for Soviet intelligence, figured prominently in a 1954 hearing of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission on Oppenheimer's security clearance. At that hearing, Oppenheimer's security clearance was revoked.
Early life[]
Chevalier was born September 10, 1901 in Lakewood Township, New Jersey to French and Norwegian parents.[1]
Work[]
In 1945, he served as a translator for the Nuremberg Trials. He translated many works by Salvador Dalí, André Malraux, Vladimir Pozner, Louis Aragon, Frantz Fanon and Victor Vasarely into English.
Relationship with Oppenheimer[]
Chevalier met Oppenheimer in 1937 at Berkeley while he was an associate professor of Romance languages. Together, Chevalier and Oppenheimer, would found the Berkeley branch of a teachers' union, which sponsored benefits for leftist causes.[2]
Chevalier was accused of approaching Oppenheimer in 1942 and seeking information about nuclear power for the Soviet Union on behalf of George Eltenton. This encounter would later become one of the key issues in Oppenheimer's security hearings in front of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1954 which resulted in the revocation of his security clearance.[3]
Chevalier is interviewed in The Day After Trinity (1981), an Oscar-nominated documentary about J. Robert Oppenheimer and the atomic bomb.
Later life and death[]
After the House Subcommittee on Un-American Activities hearing, Chevalier lost his job at Berkeley in 1950 and was unable to find another professorship in the United States and thus moved to France, where he continued to work as a translator.
Chevalier returned to the United States briefly in July 1965 to attend his daughter's wedding in San Francisco.[4] Chevalier died in 1985 in Paris at the age of 83. The cause of death was not reported.[5]
Chevalier's letters, discovered after his death, form the basis for several books about Oppenheimer.[citation needed]
Bibliography[]
- 1932. The ironic temper: Anatole France and his time. Oxford University Press. ASIN B00085MTLU
- 1934. André Malraux and "Man's fate": An essay. H. Smith and R. Haas. ASIN B00089VCSC
- 1949. For Us The Living. New York: Alfred A. Knopp. ISBN 1-4179-8987-4
- 1959. The Man Who Would Be God. Putnam; [1st American ed.]. ASIN B0006AW3DG
- 1965. Oppenheimer: The Story of a Friendship. New York: George Braziller, Inc. ASIN B0006BN686
- 1970. The last voyage of the schooner Rosamond. Deutsch. ISBN 0-233-96247-6
Translations[]
- Vladimir Pozner. 1942. The Edge of the Sword (Deuil en 24 heures). Modern Age Books.
- Vladimir Pozner. 1943. First Harvest (Les Gens du pays).
- Malraux, André. 1961. Man's Fate. Random House Modern Library. ASIN B000BI694M
- Aragon, Louis. 1961. Holy Week. G. P. Putnam's Sons. ASIN B000EWMJ3A
- Dali, Salvador. 1986. The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí. Dasa Edicions, S.A. ISBN 84-85814-12-6
- Maurois, Andrei. 1962. Seven faces of love. Doubleday. ASIN B0007H6IX4
- Michaux, Henri. 1963. Light Through Darkness. Orion Press. ASIN B0007E4GJ0
- Vasarely, Victor. 1965. Plastic Arts of the Twentieth Century, Volume 1. Editions du Griffon. ASIN B000FH4NZG
- Fanon, Frantz, A Dying Colonialism 1965
See also[]
References[]
- Broad, William J. September 8, 2002. Father of A-bomb was Communist, book claims. New York Times. A7.
- Gray, Gordon. 1954. In the matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: transcript of hearing before Personnel Security Board. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. p. 4-6.
- Herken, Gregg. 2002. Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.
- New York Times. July 11, 1985. Haakon Chevalier, 83, Author and Translator. Section B; Page 6, Column 4; National Desk.
- Washington Post. July 11, 1985. 'Metro; Deaths Elsewhere. C7.
Notes[]
- ↑ Haakon Maurice Chevailer, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Accessed February 9, 2011. "Haakon Maurice Chevalier was born on September 10, 1901, at Lakewood, New Jersey."
- ↑ Broad, 2002.
- ↑ Strauss, Lewis L., Zuckert, Eugene M., and Campbell, Joseph. 1954, June 29. "Decision and Opinions of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in the Matter of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer ". Avalon Project At Yale Law School.
- ↑ Federal Bureau of Invesitgation. FOIA Index for Haakon Chevalier.
- ↑ Washington Post. July 11, 1985.
External links[]
- Primary sources used by Herken in Brotherhood of the Bomb
- Annotated bibliography for Haakon Chevalier from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
- Vladimir Pozner se souvient
The original article can be found at Haakon Chevalier and the edit history here.