Izumo-class cruiser

See also: Izumo-class helicopter destroyer

Izumo-class cruiser
Izumo in 1905
Class overview
Builders:	Armstrong Whitworth, United Kingdom
Operators:	Imperial Japanese Navy
Preceded by:	Asama-class cruiser
Succeeded by:	Japanese cruiser Yakumo
Built:	1898–1901
In commission:	1900–1945
Completed:	2
Lost:	2
General characteristics
Type:	Armored cruiser
Displacement:	9,750 long tons (9,906 t)
Length:	132.28 m (434 ft 0 in) w/l
Beam:	20.94 m (68 ft 8 in)
Draught:	7.37 m (24 ft 2 in)
Propulsion:	2 shaft VTE 24 boilers 14,500 ihp (10,800 kW) 1412 tons coal
Speed:	20.75 knots (24 mph; 38 km/h)
Range:	7,000 nmi (13,000 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h)
Complement:	648
Armament:	• 4 × 20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval guns • 14 × QF 6 inch /40 naval guns • 12 × QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns • 8 × QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss • 4 × 457 mm (18.0 in) torpedo tubes
Armour:	Main belt: 88–175 mm (3.5–6.9 in) Upper belt: 125 mm (4.9 in) Deck: 67 mm (2.6 in) Turret, casemate: 150 mm (5.9 in) Conning tower: 356 mm (14 in)
Aircraft carried:	1 × Nakajima E4N floatplane (from 1934; Izumo only)

The Izumo-class Armored Cruisers (出雲型装甲巡洋艦, Izumo-gata sōkōjun'yōkan) was an early class of two armored cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. They participated in numerous actions during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. Partly disarmed and de-rated in the 1930s, they were restored to combat status for World War II, but due to their obsolescence, were used for training within the confines of the Seto Inland Sea during that conflict.

Background

The Izumo-class armored cruiser were the second pair of six cruisers ordered from overseas shipyards after the First Sino-Japanese War as part of the "Six-Six Program" (six battleships-six cruisers) intended form the backbone of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Construction of the Izumo-class ships was awarded to the British shipbuilder Armstrong Whitworth of Elswick, the same shipyards who had built the previous two Asama-class cruisers. The Japanese navy specification for the Izumo-class was almost identical to that of the Asama-class; however, minor differences internally and a major external difference (i.e. three smokestacks instead of two) mean that the second pair of cruisers in the construction program are regarded as a separate class of ship.

Design

The hull of the Izumo-class cruiser was a typical flush deck with high freeboard to improve seaworthiness. As with Asama, the Izumo-class used a steel housing divided into 166 waterproof compartments, a low forecastle, and two masts.The design still came with a ram attached to the bow. The main armament was 20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval guns mounted in gun turrets in the bow and stern. These guns could rotate 150 degrees to either side and could elevate to 30 degrees, firing at a rate of two rounds per minute. Secondary armament consisted of fourteen Elswick QF 6 inch /40 naval gun quick-firing guns, with a range of 9,140 meters and a firing rate of five to seven shots per minute. The Izumo-class was also equipped with twelve QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns, seven QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss guns and five 457 mm torpedo tubes. Armor plating was the newly developed Krupp armor instead of the Harvey armor used by preceding classes. Improvements in steam engine design allowed her triple expansion reciprocating engine to be built with 24 Belleville boilers instead of the 12 locomotive-style boilers in Asama. This resulted in a weight savings of over 300 tons. The class had a rated speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h) and a range of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h) based on bunkerage of 1409 tons of coal.

Iwate in 1905

In 1934, Izumo was equipped with a Nakajima E4N reconnaissance floatplane, which was launched by lowering from a crane on her aft deck to the ocean.

Ships in class

Two Izumo class cruisers were purchased from Armstrong Whitworth of the United Kingdom. Both were scrapped after the end of World War II.

Izumo

Ordered in 1897, launched on 19 September 1898, and completed 25 September 1900, Izumo participated in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and World War II. Between both World Wars, it served as a training ship for long distance oceanic navigation and officer cadet training for the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy. She is generally credited with sinking HMS Peterel (1927) at Shanghai, the first Royal Navy vessel sunk in the Pacific War. She was sunk at dock in an American air attack on Kure 24 July 1945.

Iwate

Ordered in 1897, launched 29 March 1900, and completed 18 March 1901, Iwate participated in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and World War II. It between wars, she served as a training ship for long distance oceanic navigation and officer cadet training for the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy. It was sunk in an American air attack on Kure 26 July 1945.

References

• Brooke, Peter (1999). Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867-1927. Gravesend: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-89-4. 
• Chesneau, Roger (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905.. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. 
• Evans, David C.; Peattie, Mark R. (1997). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7. 
• Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8. 
• Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X. 
• Lacroix, Eric and Wells, Linton II (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. London: Chatham Publ. ISBN 1-86176-058-2
• Schencking, J. Charles (2005). Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, And The Emergence Of The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868-1922. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4977-9. 

External links

• Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN". Imperial Japanese Navy. http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0315.htm.