| Joe Kernan | |
|---|---|
| |
| 48th Governor of Indiana | |
In office September 13, 2003 – January 10, 2005 | |
| Lieutenant | Kathy Davis |
| Preceded by | Frank O'Bannon |
| Succeeded by | Mitch Daniels |
| 47th Lieutenant Governor of Indiana | |
In office January 13, 1997 – September 13, 2003 | |
| Governor | Frank O'Bannon |
| Preceded by | Frank O'Bannon |
| Succeeded by | Kathy Davis |
| 30th Mayor of South Bend | |
In office January 3, 1988 – January 3, 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Roger Parent |
| Succeeded by | Steve Luecke |
| South Bend Comptroller | |
In office 1980–1984 | |
| Appointed by | Roger Parent |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Joseph Eugene Kernan III April 8, 1946 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | July 29, 2020 (aged 74) South Bend, Indiana |
| Resting place | Cedar Grove Cemetery, Notre Dame, Indiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Maggie McCullough |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1969–1974 (Active) 1974–1982 (Reserve) |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War |
Joseph Eugene Kernan III (April 8, 1946 – July 29, 2020) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 48th Governor of Indiana from 2003 to 2005.[1] He served nearly a year as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War.
After graduating from the University of Notre Dame, Kernan joined the Navy in 1969. A naval aviator, he was shot down in North Vietnam and taken prisoner in 1972. After his release, Kernan continued on active duty through 1974. A member of the Democratic Party, Kernan served as Mayor of South Bend, Indiana, and then as the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Indiana from 1997 to 2003. He became governor on September 13, 2003, upon the death of Governor Frank O'Bannon. He lost an election to serve a full term as governor to former Office of Management and Budget director Mitch Daniels on November 2, 2004. Kernan returned to South Bend and retired from politics.
Early life and education[]
Joe Eugene Kernan III[2][3] was born in Chicago, Illinois on April 8, 1946.[2] He was the eldest of nine children.[2][4][5]
Kernan's father, Joseph E. Kernan Jr. (1923 - 2008), was a naval aviator during World War II and would go on to have a career in government service.[2] His mother, Marian Powers Kernan (1922 - 1998), held a variety of jobs, including a tenure C&P Telephone, where she worked her way up to a communications representative.[2] As a communications representative she handled The Pentagon's account, and held security clearance.[2]
Kernan's family moved to South Bend when he was ten years of age.[2] Kernan graduated from St. Joseph's High School in South Bend[4][5][6][7] in 1964.[8]
He graduated in 1968 with a degree in Government from the University of Notre Dame.[2][5][6][7][9] Kernan played on the university's baseball team, serving as a walk-on on the freshman team, and playing for the varsity team his sophomore and junior years in 1967 and 1968.[2][4][5][9][10] He was initially an infielder, later switching to catcher in his junior year.[2]
Military service[]
Kernan joined the United States Navy in 1969,[5][6][7][9][11] and served as a Naval Flight Officer aboard the carrier USS Kitty Hawk.[5][6][7][9][11] After he completed Naval Flight Officer training, reconnaissance training, & RA-5C Vigilante Replacement Air Group training, he served with RVAH-7 at Naval Air Station Albany, Georgia, until deploying to Southeast Asia aboard the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk from February 1972 until he was shot down by enemy forces while on a reconnaissance mission over North Vietnam and was taken as a prisoner of war on May 7, 1972.[2][4][5][9][11] He was held as a prisoner of war for 11 months.[2][4][5][9][11][12][13] For part of his time as a prisoner of war, Kernan was imprisoned Hỏa Lò Prison, however he spent most of his sentence at a nearby prison dubbed "The Zoo".[2][13][14] Kernan was repatriated in 1973 and continued on active duty with the Navy until December 1974.[2][4][5][6][7][9][11] Kernan received the Distinguished Flying Cross, two Purple Hearts and the Navy Commendation Medal.[2][5][6][7][9][11]
Business career[]
In 1975, after having completed his Naval service, Kernan worked for Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati.[2][4][5] He then returned to South Bend, where he worked for South Bend Community Schools[2] and later for the Schwarz Paper Company and the MacWilliams Corporation.[4][5]
Kernan served as a business manager and executive at several companies.[6][15]
Following his tenure as South Bend Comptroller, from 1980 to 1984, he returned to business, serving as vice president and treasurer of MacWilliams Corp until he ran for mayor in 1987.[2]
Political career[]
South Bend Comptroller[]
Kernan served South Bend Comptroller from 1980 to 1984.[4][5][9][16] He was appointed to the position by mayor Roger Parent, and served a full term in office.[2]
South Bend mayoralty[]
.jpg){kind=link}
Kernan greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1988
Kernan was elected mayor of South Bend in 1987, 1991, and 1995.[4][5][16] In 1995, he won 82% of the vote, a record for South Bend mayoral elections.[2]
Kernan was the longest-serving mayor of South Bend,[4] until his tenure was surpassed in length by that of his immediate successor Steve Luecke.[17]
As mayor, Kernan worked on long-term job creation efforts, made efforts to improve public safety, and strengthened the finances of the city.[6][7][15]
Kernan came to office shortly after a number of companies had left the city or closed,[18] such as South Bend Toy in 1985[19] and Wheelbrater-Frye.[18]
As mayor, Kernan worked to create a better working relationship between South Bend and the nearby University of Notre Dame.[20][21]
Kernan played a key role in attracting the College Football Hall of Fame to South Bend
At the time he was mayor, Kernan was praised for his ability to attract economic development to the community.[22] Among the major developments he was able to garner South Bend was the securing of the city as the location for the College Football Hall of Fame.[22] Kernan had been instrumental in getting South Bend selected over 89 other cities as the site for the College Football Hall of Fame.[23] Among the developments of which Kernan was particularly supportive was the Blackthorn development, a multimillion-dollar golf course and office park development.[22] In 1992, he had touted the concept that became Blackthorn as a "pump for future development."[24] Some of the developments that were initially regarded as successes for South Bend when Kernan was mayor ultimately fell short in the long run, however. For instance, the College Football Hall of Fame never met its initial attendance projections.[25] By the late-90s, it already had begun to be criticized as a failure, due to a lack of corporate sponsorship and poor turnout even during special events.[26] The Hall of Fame would ultimately leave South Bend for the city of Atlanta in the 2010s.[25][27] The Blackthorn, particularly its golf course component, fell short of expectations as well.[24] However, Kernan, as late as 2015, defended the Blackthorn development, having regarded it, personally, to have been a success.[24]
In 1988, taking advantage of a decline in interest rates, Kernan refinanced Coveleski Stadium through the newly created South Bend Redevelopment Authority.[28]
In December 1988, a fire that destroyed the Morningside Club Residence, an apartment hotel, displaced more than a hundred residents.[29][30][31] Kernan was able to persuade the then-unopened Center for the Homeless to rush its opening in order to accommodate some of these displaced residents.[20][29]
In 1990, Kernan joined then-lieutenant governor Frank O'Bannon and other Indiana mayors on a trade mission which traveled to Poland, Soviet Union, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia.[2] It was during this trip that Kernan and O'Bannon would develop a camaraderie which would later lead to O'Bannon asking Kernan to be his running mate in the gubernatorial election six years hence.[2][18]
The loss of $20 million annually in federal funds which the city had received prior to Reagan and Bush budget cuts to urban programs had taken its toll on South Bend's infrastructure.[32] In 1992, Democratic presidential nominee Bill Clinton proposed a $200 billion ($20 billion annually) plan for infrastructure. Mayor Kernan declared to the media that under Clinton's plan, in which a city of South Bend's size would have received at least $5 million annually, South Bend would have been able to complete critical road construction and complete reclamation on hundreds of acres of former industrial property.[32]
The construction of a new South Shore Line station took place during Kernan's tenure as South Bend mayor
Among the infrastructure projects that took place during Kernan's tenure as mayor was the shifting of South Bend's South Shore Line station from a facility shared with Amtrak to a new location at the city's airport, which opened in 1992.[33] In 1993, Kernan testified before congress that this move had been partially responsible for a 73% increase in ridership from South Bend, attributing this to the fact that the previous location of the station was in an area, "isolated and very difficult and perceived to be unsafe" [33] Plans to move the South Shore Line station to the airport, creating an air, bus, and rail intermodal terminal, had dated back to the 1970s.[34][35][36]
_(a).jpg){kind=link}
South Street Station, the result of efforts to construct an intermodal transit center which began during Kernan's tenure
Kernan and others would work to see a new intermodal transit center built in Downtown South Bend, which would feature a new station for Amtrak and transit center for South Bend Transpo.[33][37][38][39][40][41] Efforts planning this station date back to 1992.[42] It ultimately opened in 1998, after Kernan's mayoralty had ended, as the South Street Station, but only as a bus center without an Amtrak component.[37][42][43]
During Kernan's tenure many improvements were made to South Bend's parks. Several new facilities opened, including Blackthorn Golf Course in 1994.[44] In 1993, for the first time, non-reverting funds were established to create money for capitol improvements to the parks.[44] Additionally, a City-County parks merger was studied in 1993, but ultimately not implemented.[44] In 1995, South Bend's recreation commission was dissolved, and the Department of Parks took over management of recreation programs and was renamed the Department of Parks and Recreation.[45]
Kernan instituted a mayor's night out/mayor's night in to provide an opportunity for his constituents to better meet with him and share their concerns with him.[46]
In 1995, Kernan took interest in a proposal to build a minor league ice hockey arena in South Bend.[47][48][49] However, this proposal ultimately failed to materialize.
After being reelected to his third term, Kernan stated his priorities were public safety, economic development, and neighborhoods.[47] The reelection made Kernan poised to break the record, at the time, for longest-serving mayor of South Bend.[47]
Kernan was involved in the creation of Indiana's Vietnam and Korean War memorials.[15]
Kernan took credit for stopping companies like Allied Products' South Bend Stamping from leaving the city.[18] He also took credit for attracting other jobs to the city, arguing that as mayor he had been able to create or retain 4,000 manufacturing jobs.[18]
Whilst campaigning for Lieutenant Governor in 1996, Kernan continued to fulfill his duties as mayor. In part to facilitate this, Kernan operated his end of the campaign out of a separate campaign office from O'Bannon, located in South Bend.[50]
Upon being elected Lieutenant Governor, Kernan was involved in the process of helping guide the Common Council in selecting a successor for mayor. He ultimately endorsed Steve Luecke to be his successor, and Luecke was thereafter voted unanimously by the Common Council to serve the rest of Kernan's term.[51] Other candidates that had been reportedly considered included Mike Barnes, John Voorde, Joe Nagy, Sean Coleman, John Hosinski, Carter Wolf, and Kevin Horton.[52][53]
Lieutenant governorship[]
First term[]
In 1996, Kernan was elected as Indiana's lieutenant governor alongside Frank O'Bannon for governor. Kernan had been reluctant to accept the offer to run for lieutenant governor, desiring to continue to serve as mayor.[2][54] Others who had been rumored to have under consideration by O'Bannon for a running mate included Tom DiGuillio, Mike Gery, Baron Hill, John Walda, and Jill Long Thompson (Pamela Carter had ruled herself out of consideration).[54][55] Despite starting the general election as underdogs,[56] O'Bannon and Kernan's ticket to defeat overcame a deficit to defeat the Republican ticket of Steve Goldsmith and George Witwer.
Kernan was sworn-in as lieutenant governor by his own father.[57]
As lieutenant governor, Kernan served as the President of the Indiana Senate, the Director of the Indiana Department of Commerce, and as the Commissioner of Agriculture.[4][5]
In 1998, Kernan headed the Insurance Industry Working Group,[4][5] a group aiming to boost the economic fortunes of the state's insurance industry.[4] The group succeeded in getting a reduction to the insurance premium tax rate, securing the passage of a new demutualization law, and getting Ivy Tech to create a new associate degree focusing on the insurance industry.[4]
In 1998, Kernan was involved in the formation of the Pork Crisis Working Group, which later became Agricultural Crisis Working Group.[4] Kernan chaired this group.[5]
In 1998, Kernan was made chair of the new Hoosier Farmland Preservation Task Force.[58] It presented recommendations for farmland preservation and additional land use issues to O'Bannon and members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Laos provided information and advice to communities dealing with problems regarding these issues.[59]
During Kernan's tenure at the head of Indiana's Department of Commerce, the state recorded what were the second-highest export numbers in its history in the second-quarter of 1998.[5][60]
In 1999, Kernan launched the Veterans Outreach Initiative, which was an effort to urge veterans to capitalize upon state and federal benefits available to them.[4][5]
Kernan was the chairman of the Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund, which was formed in 1999.[4][5]
As lieutenant governor, Kernan built a reputation as a skilled orator.[61]
Second term[]
O'Bannon and Kernan were re-elected in 2000, defeating the ticket of David M. McIntosh and J. Murray Clark.
In October 2001, Kernan unveiled the O'Bannon administration's plan for a comprehensive overhaul to the state of Indiana's tax system.[4][5][62] The plan was entitled the 21st Century Tax Plan.[62] Kernan had developed this plan alongside a bipartisan group of tax experts.[4] A tax reform plan based upon this proposal was passed in the Indiana General Assembly in June 2002.[4]
In 2002, O'Bannon and Kernan proposed a broad job-creation plan entitled "Energize Indiana".[4][5]
In 2002, a rift arose between Kernan and Governor O'Bannon over O'Bannon's selection of Peter Manous as Democratic State Chairman.[63]
Kernan was regarded to be a popular lieutenant governor.[64]
Governorship[]
Kernan assumed the governorship in September 2003 following the death of Frank O'Bannon.
Kernan would receive praise for his smooth transition into the office.[65]
For his lieutenant governor, Kernan appointed Kathy Davis, making her the first female lieutenant governor in Indiana's history.[15]
Kernan was credited with strengthening the cabinet style of government of Indiana's executive branch, which had dissipated in its functionality in the later years of O'Bannon's tenure.[66]
In November 2003, Kernan and Davis unveiled the Opportunity Indiana initiative, which would aim to optimize how the state conducts business and would aim to increase opportunities for Indiana companies.[4] Under this program, they created a working group to review how the state of Indiana deals with purchasing goods and services, and to provide recommendations to adjustments.[4]
Early into his governorship, Kernan made some key hires and appointments. This included hiring Marshall Michael Carrington to conduct a thorough probe of the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles, and appointing Cheryl Sullivan to head the Family and Social Services Administration.[66]
In January 2004, Kernan announced the Early Learning Trust, which was an initiative with the goal of providing every child in Indiana with access to voluntary full-day kindergarten by the year 2007.[4] It would also create pilot programs for early learning opportunities for at-risk children.[4]
In his 2004 State of the State address, Kernan announced several programs. One was the Peak Performance Project, in which he delegated lieutenant governor Davis with overseeing a review of state government performance.[4] The Peak Performance Project would ultimately result in the creation of a broad plan for overhauling the state's government.[67] Another program outlined in his State of the State address was Indiana@Work, an expansion of the state's new jobs initiative.[4] By the end of 2004, 30,000 Hoosiers would receive skills assessments through this program.[67]
On March 17, 2004, Kernan signed House Bill 1349, which provided protections for gun owners whose firearms were stolen from being sued for injuries or deaths resulting from misuse of those stolen firearms.[68]
Kernan supported a controversial project extending Interstate 69 from Indianapolis to Evansville, which had earlier received O'Bannon's support.[69]
As governor, Kernan took actions regarding education. In March 2004, Kernan requested to the state's public colleges and universities that they cap tuition and fee increases at 4% for the 2004–05 academic year.[67] In October 2004 he unveiled plans to expand the state's community college system from having ten campuses to having 23 in time for the fall of 2005,[67][70] which would mean that every state resident would live within a 30-mile radius of a community college's campus.[67] Through executive order, Kernan created the Early Learning and School Readiness Commission.[67] As co-chair of the Indiana Education Roundtable, Kernan took charge in work to adopt the P-16 Plan for Improving Student Achievement.[67]
Kernan took actions as governor to address rising healthcare costs.[67] Changes were made to HoosierRx to allow senior citizens twice the discount when it was utilized in conjunction with the new federal Medicare prescription drug benefit. Kernan signed legislation which created the state's prescription drug purchasing pool.[67] Kernan pushed forward with the Hoosier Health Plan.[67] On December 1, 2004, Kernan convened a prescription drug summit aiming to develop an "Indiana solution" to drug affordability concerns.[67]
In 2004, Kernan became the first governor of Indiana in 48 years to spare the life of an inmate on death row, when, just days before his scheduled execution, Kernan commuted the sentence of Darnell Williams to life in prison without parole.[65]
The state struggled with budget deficits and job losses, which Republicans faulted Kernan for, but which Democrats blamed on the lingering aftermath of the early 2000s recession and the dot-com bust.[65]
Campaign for a full term[]
Originally, whilst lieutenant governor, Kernan had declined to seek the governorship during the 2004 election. However, two months after assuming the governorship, he reversed this decision.[71] In their bid for a first full term as governor and lieutenant governor, Kernan and Davis outlined their vision for what he would seek to accomplish in their prospective continued tenure in the state's top two offices in a plan entitled "Action Indiana".[72] Kernan and Davis were ultimately defeated by the Republican ticket of Mitch Daniels and Becky Skillman. At the time, the election was the most expensive gubernatorial election in the state's history, in regards to campaign spending.[65] The Republicans have controlled Indiana's governor's mansion since Kernan's departure.
Post-gubernatorial career[]
Kernan returned to private life in January 2005, and moved back to South Bend in 2006.[12]
He served as a volunteer acting director for the St. Joseph County Red Cross.[15] He worked at the University of Notre Dame as an adjunct professor.[6]
Kernan served on the Indiana University South Bend Chancellor's Advisory Board, and was a member of the Chancellor's 100 of Indiana University.[7]
Partnering with his gubernatorial successor, Kernan worked with the Mitch Daniels Leadership Foundation.[73]
Kernan was the president and owner of the community and business development consulting firm South Bend Enterprises, Inc.[6]
South Bend Silver Hawks[]
In 2005, Kernan became president and managing investor of the South Bend Silver Hawks baseball club, after convincing approximately 50 others to invest in the team. This stopped the Silver Hawks from being purchased and moved out of South Bend to another city.
Kernan's tenure with the South Bend Silver Hawks team ended in 2011.[15] Kernan then agreed to sell the team to Andrew Berlin, of Berlin Packaging, so that he could develop the Silver Hawks further and keep the team in the South Bend area.[74] The team has subsequently been the renamed the South Bend Cubs.
Political involvement[]
In July 2007, Kernan and Indiana Chief Justice Randall T. Shepard were appointed by Daniels to co-chair the Indiana Commission on Local Government Reform.[75] The commission published its report in December 2007.[76]
In 2008, he and his wife Maggie were Indiana co-chairs of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign[77] and actively campaigned for Clinton leading up to the state's May primary.[78]
In April 2008, Kernan endorsed Jim Schellinger's gubernatorial campaign.[79][80][81]
Kernan endorsed Pete Buttigieg during the 2011 South Bend mayoral election.[82][83]
In 2014, he and several other city leaders, including his mayoral successor Steve Luekce and former South Bend fire chief Luther Taylor and Republican CEO of the South Bend Regional Chamber of Commerce Jeff Rea, held a press conference in which complained about visible infighting on the South Bend Common Council.[84] Kernan also cited lewd social media posts by then-5th district council member Henry Davis, Jr. to have been an embarrassment to the city.[84] At the press conference, Kernan levied the possibility that he would work to help remove problematic members of the council from office in the 2015 election.[84] Immediately after, in comments to the South Bend Tribune, Kernan criticized Common Council Vice President Derek Dieter as being "poison in the well", alleging that he had been "behaving like a bully".[84] Kernan criticized the leadership of Common Council President Oliver Davis, arguing that he believed Davis was a, "good guy," who was, "reluctant to make decisions".[84] Kernan's harsh rebuke of the council earned support from council member Fred Ferlic.[84]
In 2015, Kernan served as campaign manager and treasurer for Kareemah Fowler's campaign for South Bend City Clerk.[85][86][87] Fowler had a landslide victory in capturing Democratic nomination in a competitive primary, defeating veteran Common Council member Derek Dieter,[87] and was elected clerk in the general election.[88]
During the 2016 United States, Kernan appeared in a Priorities USA Action-funded television advertisement criticizing Republican nominee Donald Trump as “unfit to be president.”[89] In the ad, he also referred to comments Trump had made deriding John McCain's military service, in which, like Kernan, he was a prisoner of war in the Vietnam war, as, "disgraceful".[90] The ad was run in nine swing states.[90]
In 2017, along with Republican former Ohio Governor Bob Taft, Kernan co-authored an op-ed arguing in favor of abolishing the death penalty for mentally ill criminals.[91][92]
Kernan endorsed Tim Corbett in his unsuccessful bid for the Democratic nomination in the 2018 St. Joseph County Sheriff election.[93][94]
Kernan supported Jason Critchlow in his unsuccessful bid for the Democratic nomination in the 2019 South Bend mayoral election.[95]
Honors and awards[]
For his military service, Kernan was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, two Purple Hearts and the Navy Commendation Medal.[5][9][11] He was among the second-ever class of inductees into the Indiana Military Veterans Hall of Fame when he was enshrined in 2015.[96]
Kernan was awarded an honorary doctorate by his alma mater the University of Notre Dame in 1998, when he served as the university's commencement speaker.[2][4][6] In 2012, the Notre Dame Monogram Club awarded Kernan the Edward “Moose” Krause Distinguished Service Award.[12][97] Six years later, the University of Notre Dame Alumni Association presented Kernan with the Rev. Edward Frederick Sorin, C.S.C., Award, regarded to be one of the university's highest honors.[15]
A park in South Bend was named for Kernan in 2017. The park, located along the St. Joseph River, had previously been named Viewing Park.[98] That same year, Kernan received an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters from Indiana University.[7]
Personal life[]
Kernan was the eldest of nine children. He had one brother and seven sisters.[2]
Kernan married Maggie McCullough in April 1974.[2][5] Since 1976, they resided on the north side of South Bend, Indiana,[6] where Maggie works as a marketing specialist for 1st Source Bank. Maggie is a Purdue University graduate and was active in community service.[99]
Kernan was Catholic.[100] Kernan and his wife never had any children.[65]
Death[]
Kernan died on July 29, 2020, from complications of Alzheimer's disease at a care facility in South Bend.[101][102][103]
Political positions[]
Kernan stated that he was "personally opposed" to abortion, but was strongly pro-choice.[100]
While lieutenant governor, Kernan commented on President Bill Clinton's misconduct outlined in the Starr Report, stating that the president had "gone too far," and further commenting on a sense of disappointment in Clinton by saying, "We've all had some feelings over the last few weeks and the past seven months. Some of us are angry, disappointed, ashamed, bitter, sad. For all of us, one or more of these emotions have come together."[104]
As governor, Kernan was not opposed to providing special subsidies for large employers to move jobs to the state. He responded to criticisms of this feeding into a race to the bottom by declaring, "I understand the argument that taking jobs away from Boston and putting them here is nationally a zero-sum game. But Indiana, like virtually every other state, is not going to unilaterally disarm".[105][106]
In 2017, along with Republican former Ohio Governor Bob Taft, Kernan co-authored an op-ed arguing in favor of abolishing the death penalty for mentally ill criminals.[91][92]
Electoral history[]
Mayor[]
| 1987 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election[107] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Joe Kernan | 17,030 | 53.00% | |
| Republican | Carl Baxmeyer | 15,104 | 47.00% | |
| Total votes | 32,134 | 100 | ||
| 1991 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election[108] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Joe Kernan (incumbent) | 16,134 | 76.49% | |
| Republican | Sylvia Shelton | 4,958 | 23.51% | |
| Total votes | 21,092 | 100 | ||
| 1995 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election[109][110] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Joe Kernan (incumbent) | 14,309 | 82.17% | |
| Republican | Mike Waite | 3,106 | 17.84% | |
| Total votes | 17,415 | 100 | ||
Lieutenant gubernatorial[]
| 1996 Indiana gubernatorial election | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Frank O'Bannon/Joe Kernan | 1,087,128 | 51.52 | |
| Republican | Stephen Goldsmith/George Witwer | 986,982 | 46.78 | |
| Libertarian | Steve Dillon/??? | 35,805 | 1.70 | |
| 2000 Indiana gubernatorial election | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Frank O'Bannon (incumbent)/Joe Kernan (incumbent) | 1,232,525 | 56.56 | |
| Republican | David M. McIntosh/J. Murray Clark | 908,285 | 41.68 | |
| Libertarian | Andrew Horning/??? | 38,458 | 1.76 | |
Governor[]
| 2004 Indiana gubernatorial election[111] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Republican | Mitch Daniels/Becky Skillman | 1,302,912 | 53.21% | |
| Democratic | Joe Kernan (incumbent)/Kathy Davis (incumbent) | 1,113,900 | 45.49% | |
| Libertarian | Kenn Gividen/??? | 31,664 | 1.29% | |
| Write-ins | 22 | 0.00% | ||
| Majority | 189,012 | 7.72% | ||
| Voter turnout | 57%% | |||
See also[]
- List of Governors of Indiana
- U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War
References[]
- ↑ "Indiana Governor History: Joseph E. Kernan". https://www.in.gov/governorhistory/2332.htm.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 "Joseph Kernan Honored Warrior/Civic Leader". Indiana Business Journal. https://www.ibj.com/ext/resources/bookstore/pdf/19starsmen.pdf.
- ↑ "Is Joe E. Kernan Living or Dead?". Living or Dead. https://www.livingordead.com/content/person/joe-e-kernan.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 "About Joe Kernan". Kernan for Indiana. http://www.kernandavis.com/j_kernan.shtml.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 "Gov. Joseph E. Kernan". National Governor's Association. https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-e-kernan/.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 "The Honorable Joe Kernan". United States Naval Academy. https://www.usna.edu/LeadershipConference/History/Speaker%20-%20Kernan.php.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 "Honoree Joseph E. Kernan". Indiana University. https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/search-awards/honoree.shtml?honoreeID=8134.
- ↑ "Members of the South Bend Community Hall of Fame Recognized at All–School Mass". St. Joseph High School. April 11, 2018. https://saintjoehigh.com/m/news/show_news.jsp?REC_ID=505280&id=0.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 "Joe Kernan (D) - Incumbent". WFIE. September 10, 2004. https://www.14news.com/story/2285165/joe-kernan-d-incumbent/.
- ↑ "USA Baseball-Irish Classic Debuts Friday". http://www.und.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/030113aaa.html.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 "Veteran Tributes". http://veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=1059.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "STRONG OF HEART ARCHIVES: JOE KERNAN". University of Notre Dame. December 2, 2015. https://und.com/strong-of-heart-archives-joe-kernan/.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lewis, Brandon (February 26, 2010). "Kernan returns to village in Vietnam where he was captured". WNDU-TV. https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/85091767.html.
- ↑ "Fall Cassic". Indianapolis Monthly. October 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=x-kCAAAAMBAJ.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 "2018: The Honorable Joseph E. Kernan '68". University of Notre Dame. 2018. http://my.nd.edu/s/1210/myND/interior-2col.aspx?pgid=41217&gid=1&cid=36831.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Joseph E. Kernan". State of Indiana. https://www.in.gov/governorhistory/2332.htm.
- ↑ McFadden, Maureen. "A Conversation with Mayor Steve Luecke". WNDU. http://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/One_on_one_with_long_time_Mayor_Steve_Luecke_136391663.html.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 "Joe Kernan ready to match record in South Bend to Goldsmith's Indy". June 5, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_06_05_special.pdf.
- ↑ Favero, Judy. "South Bend Toy Company". South Bend History Museum. https://historymuseumsb.org/south-bend-toy-company/.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Legends of Michiana: Joe Kernan" (in en). WNIT-TV. https://www.wnit.org/programs/legends/joe-kernan.html.
- ↑ Kinney, David (November 6, 1991). "Kernan re-elected mayor of South Bend". The Observer. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ca62/dc11bfb3d7cf4cb0a8375235033169d9bad0.pdf.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Hayward, Ethan (October 6, 1995). "Kernan seeks third term". http://archives.nd.edu/observer/v27/1995-10-06_v27_035.pdf.
- ↑ Bell, Kyle W. (2011). "Swinging for Success: How Cities Use Sports Facilities as Economic Development Tools". Undergraduate Research Journal. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/iusburj/article/download/19677/25760/&usg=AOvVaw0oD18zKbZ1iMaDSfBAXbVP.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "Blackthorn Golf Course: Broken promise?". South Bend Tribune. January 4, 2015. https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/blackthorn-golf-course-broken-promise/article_dee2cb46-92c2-5c59-875e-8358604d36e0.html.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Lesar, Al (December 30, 2012). "Hall of Fame Curator Here from Beginning to End". South Bend Tribune. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/southbendtribune/access/2854275721.html?FMT=ABS.
- ↑ "TICKER TAPE". August 21, 1997. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1997_08_21.pdf.
- ↑ "Hall moving from South Bend to Atlanta". Associated Press. September 23, 2009. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=4497123.
- ↑ Johnson, Arthur T. (1995). Minor League Baseball and Local Economic Development. University of Illinois Press. p. 198. ISBN 9780252065026. https://books.google.com/books?id=3GHqgKN4cEsC. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Zagrans, Maura Poston (2013). Camerado, I Give You My Hand: How a Powerful Lawyer-Turned-Priest Is Changing the Lives of Men Behind Bars. Image Books. pp. 112 and 113. https://archive.org/details/cameradoigiveyou0000zagr.
- ↑ "Hotel fire displaces more than 100 residents". UPI. December 19, 1988. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/12/19/Hotel-fire-displaces-more-than-100-residents/2177598510800/.
- ↑ Wyman, Thomas P. (December 18, 1988). "One Dead, Nine Injured In Residential Hotel Blaze". The Associated Press. https://apnews.com/d5aaf7b78796fed4fe07bece08454f32.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Weisskopf, Michael (September 25, 1992). "AT ISSUE IN '92: JOBS". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/09/25/at-issue-in-92-jobs/63d80d88-31b9-475f-9954-c179cf6ac532/.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1994: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session. United States Congress. 1993. pp. 1193–1224. ISBN 9780160411038. https://books.google.com/books?id=eM3W-c_GgKIC. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
- ↑ Interstate Commerce Commission Reports: Reports and Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States, Volume 354. United States Congress. 1977. p. 354. https://books.google.com/books?id=STYcAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- ↑ Extension of the Airport Development Aid Program: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session, on S. 1455 ..... United States Congress. 1975. pp. 208–213. https://books.google.com/books?id=TSjQAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- ↑ Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1978: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session, Part 4. United States Congress. 1977. pp. 1233–1234. https://books.google.com/books?id=5poQAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Laporte County intermodal rail yard" (in en). WNDU. September 2, 2007. https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/9537132.html.
- ↑ Legislation to Approve the National Highway System and Ancillary Issues Related to Highway and Transit Programs: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Surface Transportation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session, February 8, 28 and March 1, 2, and 8, 1995, March 10, 1995 (H.R. 842, Truth in Budgeting Act).. United States Congress. 1995. pp. 1835–1847. ISBN 9780160520990. https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3wqAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- ↑ Intermodal Passenger Terminal Facilities: Project Summaries ; a Compendium of Proposed, Active, and Completed Intermodal Passenger Terminal Facilities. United States Congress. 1994. pp. 144 and 145. https://books.google.com/books?id=f5KXXHGaTAIC. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- ↑ The National Highway System and Ancillary Issues Relating to Highway and Transit Programs: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Surface Transportation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, Volume 3. United States Congress. 1994. pp. 1213–1215; 1558–1567. https://books.google.com/books?id=f5KXXHGaTAIC. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- ↑ Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1995: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, Volume 7, Part 2. United States Congress. 1994. pp. 1800–1802. ISBN 9780160444449. https://books.google.com/books?id=o-Ns-Rfl7YcC. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1999: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, Part 7. United States Congress. 1998. pp. 467–486. ISBN 9780160572760. https://books.google.com/books?id=QAoof0mcxE8C. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ↑ "Transpo Overview & History". South Bend Transpo. http://sbtranspo.com/about/transpo-overview-history.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "CITY OF SOUTH BEND 5-YEAR PARK MASTER PLAN 2014-2018". South Bend. https://sbvpa.org/wp-content/uploads/SBPRD-Master-Plan_2014-09-11.pdf.
- ↑ "Longtime South Bend Parks director retiring". South Bend Tribune. December 7, 2015. https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/longtime-south-bend-parks-director-retiring/article_0b1595dc-9d2f-11e5-8974-3b58f72f5bd4.html.
- ↑ "Legends of Michiana: Joe Kernan" (in en). WNIT Public Television. https://www.wnit.org/programs/legends/joe-kernan.html.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Heisler, Jamie (November 8, 1995). "Kernan victorious in mayoral election". The Observer. http://archives.nd.edu/Observer/v27/1995-11-08_v27_052.pdf.
- ↑ Heisler, Jamie (November 7, 1995). "Candidates make last day push". The Observer. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ef84/a363fd43497c6f0940b1132318cca7449d9f.pdf.
- ↑ Heisler, Jamie (October 6, 1995). "Incumbent runs criticizes incumbent". The Observer. http://archives.nd.edu/observer/v27/1995-10-06_v27_035.pdf.
- ↑ "Kernan, Witwer in two different operational modes this summer". July 18, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_07_18.pdf.
- ↑ "TICKER TAPE". December 16, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_12_16.pdf.
- ↑ "Tincher chides HR about that 'beat dog' look; Utah elk seek recount?". November 25, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_11_25.pdf.
- ↑ "Lugar stays in Senate; Quayle 2000 frontrunner; Bayh 'leans' over Coats". November 14, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_11_14.pdf.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 "How the 'OK' ticket almost unraveled". June 5, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_06_05.pdf.
- ↑ "Rumor mill running rampant on both party LG selections". May 16, 1996. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1996_05_16.pdf.
- ↑ Alonso-Zaldivar, Ricardo (September 14, 2013). "Indiana Gov. Frank O'Bannon, 73; Conservative Democrat Stressed Education and Development". https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-sep-14-me-obannon14-story.html.
- ↑ "TICKER TAPE". January 9, 1997. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1997_01_09.pdf.
- ↑ "Land use planning a contentious issue". Purdue News. April 1998. https://www.purdue.edu/uns/html4ever/1998/9802.Ayres.landuse.html.
- ↑ "Land use planning a contentious issue". Perdue News. April 1998. https://www.purdue.edu/uns/html4ever/1998/9802.Ayres.landuse.html.
- ↑ "Ticker Tape". October 15, 1998. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1998_10_15.pdf.
- ↑ Howey, Brian A. (November 18, 1999). "GOP bench beyond McIntosh is lean". https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1999_11_18.pdf.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Howey, Brian A. (October 19, 2001). "Kernan tax plan showing big promise". https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR0809.pdf.pdf.
- ↑ Howey, Brian A. (May 16, 2019). "Holcomb reelect on historic footing". https://howeypolitics.com/Files/HPI190516-c780d6adda0d420f895ba66a32653922.pdf.
- ↑ Hoppe, David (October 1, 2003). "Tale of two candidates". Nuvo. https://www.nuvo.net/news/news/tale-of-two-candidates/article_5db5cb14-6af5-5104-9c0a-82493004a32e.html.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4 Davies, Tom (29 July 2020). "Former Indiana Gov. Joe Kernan, a Vietnam POW, dies at 74". Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/post-tribune/ct-ptb-indiana-gov-kernan-obit-st-0730-20200729-c4dsgtifcjfefphvoviczkgu3u-story.html.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Howey, Brian A.; Schoff, Mark Jr. (January 8, 2004). "Kernan, Daniels: indispensible [sic] men". https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1020.pdf.pdf.
- ↑ 67.00 67.01 67.02 67.03 67.04 67.05 67.06 67.07 67.08 67.09 67.10 "Indiana Governor Joseph E. Kernan (b. 1946)". State of Indiana. https://www.in.gov/history/2706.htm.
- ↑ "Indiana Governor Signs HB 1349!". NRA Institute for Legislative Action. March 22, 2004. https://www.nraila.org/articles/20040322/indiana-governor-signs-hb-1349.
- ↑ "Road To Ruin Executive Summary". Taxpayer.net. June 2004. http://www.taxpayer.net/wp-content/uploads/ported/images/downloads/RoadToRuin.pdf.
- ↑ "Excerpts from a media release issued by the office of Governor Joe Kernan on October 5, 2004". Campus Highlights. Ivy Tech Community College, Region 14/Bloomington. January 2004. http://services.bloomington.ivytech.edu/news/highlights/2004/2004%20Thanks%20Giving%20Campus%20Highlights.pdf.
- ↑ "Daniels vows changes to government, economy after ending Democratic rule". The Indianapolis Star. November 3, 2004. http://www2.indystar.com/articles/1/191537-2331-009.html.
- ↑ Kernan, Joe; Davis, Kathy (2004). "Action Indiana". Kernan for Indiana. http://www.kernandavis.com/docs/ActionIndiana.pdf.
- ↑ "Honorees". Mitch Daniels Leadership Foundation. 2015. https://mdlfindiana.org/honorees.php.
- ↑ "Silver Hawks Announce New Owner". Minor League Baseball. November 23, 2011. https://www.milb.com/south-bend/news/silver-hawks-announce-new-owner/c-26035712.
- ↑ "Indiana Commission on Local Government Reform". Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs. http://indianalocalgovreform.iu.edu/welcome/chairswelcome.html.
- ↑ "Streamlining Local Government". Indiana Commission on Local Government Reform. December 11, 2007. http://indianalocalgovreform.iu.edu/assets/docs/Report_12-10-07.pdf.
- ↑ "Hillary Clinton: Press Release - Former Indiana Governor Joe Kernan and First Lady Maggie Kernan Endorse Clinton". http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=115917.
- ↑ "Presidential candidates overlook Wayne County". http://www.pal-item.com/story/news/local/2016/04/30/presidential-candidates-overlook-wayne-county/83722744/.
- ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080402%2FNEWS05%2F80402051.
- ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.wsbt.com/news/local/17227819.html.
- ↑ "Lake County news briefs" (in en). The Times of Northwest Indiana. April 3, 2008. https://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/lake-county-news-briefs/article_db3b3a88-93d5-5485-858f-788eb601b659.html.
- ↑ McGurk, Nick (April 17, 2011). "Buttigieg raises nearly a quarter of a million dollars in mayor's race". WNDU. https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg_raises_nearly_quarter_million_in_mayors_race_120000704.html.
- ↑ Howey, Brian A. (April 28, 2011). "New faces await Indiana Dems as the guard changes". https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI110428.pdf.
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.4 84.5 "Kernan: Common Council 'far out of control'". WSBT-TV. July 9, 2014. https://wsbt.com/news/local/kernan-common-council-far-out-of-control.
- ↑ Blasko, Erin (May 6, 2015). "Kareemah Fowler cruises to victory over Derek Dieter in South Bend clerk race". South Bend Tribune. https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/kareemah-fowler-cruises-to-victory-over-derek-dieter-in-south/article_6ba1c338-0c2e-55f3-b868-617f71e29d29.html.
- ↑ Colwell, Jack (April 23, 2015). "Gov. Kernan managing city clerk campaign". https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150423.pdf.
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 Kusz, Brandon; Peterson, Mark (May 5, 2015). "UPDATE: Buttigieg defeats Davis in mayoral primary; Fowler wins clerk race". WNDU-TV. https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Henry-Davis-Jr-challenges-Buttigieg-for-South-Bend-mayoral-bid-302650291.html.
- ↑ Parrott, Jeff (September 5, 2019). "South Bend council gives ex-clerk a contract to train successor. She says she won't bill the city.". South Bend Tribune. https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-gives-ex-clerk-a-contract-to-train/article_3cc1f2e9-bb0d-557e-a86b-b7db71bab8a9.html.
- ↑ Groppe, Maureen (August 3, 2016). "In new ad, former Gov. Joe Kernan calls Donald Trump unfit to be president". https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/behind-closed-doors/2016/08/03/new-ad-former-gov-joe-kernan-calls-donald-trump-unfit-president/87999654/.
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 Miller, Marissa (August 2, 2016). "Joe Kernan labels Trump comments 'disgraceful'". WISH-TV. https://www.wishtv.com/news/indiana-news/joe-kernan-labels-trump-comments-disgraceful/.
- ↑ 91.0 91.1 Taft, Bob; Kernan, Joseph E. (March 17, 2017). "End the death penalty for mentally ill criminals". https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/end-the-death-penalty-for-mentally-ill-criminals/2017/03/24/f079674e-0506-11e7-b1e9-a05d3c21f7cf_story.html.
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 Taft, Bob; Kernan, Joe (March 28, 2017). "End inhumane capital punishment for mentally ill". https://www.toledoblade.com/Opinion/2017/03/28/Bob-Taft-and-Joe-Kernan-oped-End-inhumane-capital-punishment-for-mentally-ill.html.
- ↑ Wright, Lincoln (June 19, 2018). "Former police chief Chuck Hurley to run for St. Joseph County sheriff as independent". South Bend Tribune. https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/former-police-chief-chuck-hurley-to-run-for-st-joseph/article_edfaeaef-b940-51f0-8c50-c2c673c6a218.html.
- ↑ Wright, Lincoln (June 20, 2018). "Tim Corbett concedes race for St. Joseph County sheriff and takes shots at Bill Redman". South Bend Tribune. https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/tim-corbett-concedes-race-for-st-joseph-county-sheriff-and/article_ed0d182c-47b5-5c5a-aad1-35b103cbbeb0.html.
- ↑ "A Friday surprise! Governor Joe Kernan stopped by today to say "HI" and offer his encouragement and support. I'm fortunate to call him my friend and a supporter. I hope I have the opportunity to be the type of leader and public servant he has been for South Bend and our state.". Facebook. May 3, 2019. https://www.facebook.com/JasonforSouthBend/posts/857612374575733?comment_id=858428624494108.
- ↑ McGowan, Dan (September 30, 2015). "Military Hall of Fame Honorees Include Former Governors". Inside Indiana Business. http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/story/30155953/military-hall-of-fame-honorees-include-former-governors.
- ↑ "JOE KERNAN TO RECEIVE 2012 MOOSE KRAUSE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD". University of Notre Dame. January 12, 2012. https://und.com/joe-kernan-to-receive-2012-moose-krause-distinguished-service-award-2/.
- ↑ "South Bend park named after former mayor, Indiana Governor Joe Kernan". WNDU. July 17, 2017. https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-park-named-after-former-mayor-Indiana-Governor-Joe-Kernan-436394933.html.
- ↑ https://www.in.gov/governorhistory/2332.htm
- ↑ 100.0 100.1 Archbold, Matthew (July 18, 2018). "30 Years Later, Notre Dame Has Learned Nothing". http://www.ncregister.com/blog/matthew-archbold/30-years-later-notre-dame-has-learned-nothing.
- ↑ Roberts, Sam (July 19, 2020). "Joseph Kernan, Vietnam P.O.W. and Indiana Governor, Dies at 74". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/us/politics/joseph-kernan-dead-coronavirus.html.
- ↑ Davies, Tom (July 19, 2020). "Ex-Indiana Gov. Kernan, who was a Vietnam POW, dies at 74". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/4f440212b766a7d36b5b82e1895f012c.
- ↑ "Former Indiana governor, South Bend mayor Joe Kernan dead at age 74". July 19, 2020. https://wsbt.com/news/local/joe-kernan-dead-at-age-74.
- ↑ Howey, Brian A. (September 3, 1993). "Democratic Titanic in the eye of a storm". https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1998_09_03.pdf.
- ↑ McGahey, Richard M.; Vey, Jennifer S. (2008) (in en). Retooling for Growth: Building a 21st Century Economy in America's Older Industrial Areas. Brookings Institution Press. p. 12. ISBN 9780815755579. https://books.google.com/books?id=XEboe6dCrm0C. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ↑ Uchitelle, Louis (November 10, 2003). "States Pay for Jobs, but It Doesn't Always Pay Off". https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/10/business/states-pay-for-jobs-but-it-doesn-t-always-pay-off.html.
- ↑ Bednarski, Chtis; Coccia, Regis (4 November 1987). "ND grad is elected mayor of South Bend". The Observer. http://archives.nd.edu/observer/v21/1987-11-04_v21_045.pdf.
- ↑ Kinney, David (6 November 1991). "Kernan re-elected mayor of South Bend". The Observer.
- ↑ "Indiana 2003 Racing Form Indiana 2003 Mayoral Races". 27 February 2003. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR0926.pdf.pdf.
- ↑ "Indiana Racing Form INDIANA MAYORAL RACES 1999". 15 April 1999. https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR_1999_04_15.pdf.
- ↑ "Indiana General Election November 2, 2004, Statewide". Indiana Secretary of State. 2004-11-02. http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2004?page=office&countyID=-1&officeID=37&districtID=937&candidate=.
External links[]
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