| 李景林 Li Jinglin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
1885 Zaoqiang County, Hebei, China |
| Died | 1931 (aged 45–46) |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Other names |
Li Fangchen "China's First Sword" "God of the Sword" |
| Style |
Yang-style taijiquan Wudangquan Wudang Sword |
Li Jinglin, also known as Li Fangchen[1] (1885-1931) was a deputy inspector-general and later army general for the Fengtian clique[2] during the Chinese warlord era. He hailed from Zaoqiang County, Hebei province, China. After his military career was over, he settled in Nanjing, and in 1927 moved to Shanghai.[3] A renowned swordsman, he was known as "China's First Sword."
Military and administrative career[]
In 1924, during the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, Li was commanding the Fengtian Second Army[4] which aided Zhang Zongchang in his decisive victory at Longku; the engagement has been termed "probably the single most important engagement in Zhili's defeat."[5] In November his troops occupied Tianjin,[6] where they picked up half of Wang Chengbin's forces,[7] and under his command a "repressive and predatory" regime was established—especially noted is the extent to which the local merchants were extorted.[8] The United States 15th Infantry Regiment, whose mission was to keep the Peking-Mukden Railway open, was based in Tianjin, and small skirmishes occurred between US troops and Li's troops.[9] Like many other warlords who ruled Tianjin, Li also was a member of the Green Gang.[10] From December 1924 to December 1925, he was the administrator of Hebei province.[11]
Martial arts[]
"Jinglin," meaning "magic sword," was one of Li's nicknames.[12] A general in the Chinese army, Li displayed great skill as a swordfighter and great interest in martial arts, especially Wudang chuan. Li was nicknamed "China's First Sword" and "God of the Sword."[13] Li was an expert of many varying sword techniques, then later learned Wudang Sword from Sung Wei-I, a renowned swordsman who also taught Fu Chen Sung.[14] His sword techniques were an amalgamate of the ancient Taoist and the newer Baguazhang styles.[15]
After his military career, he opened a martial arts center in Nanjing,[16] and became vice-president of the National Martial Arts Academy,[17] also known as Central Hall for National Martial Arts (Zhongyang Guoshuguan),[18] and now called the Central Guoshu Institute. On his initiative, a Yang-style t'ai chi ch'uan was formalized, with Yang Chengfu as the most important of the contributors.[19]
References[]
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Allen, Frank; Tina Chunna Zhang (2007). The Whirling Circles of Ba Gua Zhang: The Art and Legends of the Eight Trigram Palm. Blue Snake Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-189-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=2scbFe2HTlQC&pg=PA50. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- Chevrier, Yves (2010). Citadins et Citoyens Dans la Chine Du XXe Siècle: Essai D'histoire Sociale. En L'honneur de Marie-Claire Bergère. Editions MSH. ISBN 978-2-7351-1177-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=6pjSauBUlG4C&pg=PA166.
- Cornebise, Alfred E. (2004). The United States 15th Infantry Regiment in China, 1912-1938. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1988-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=x0PdgqMhDFMC&pg=PA38.
- Hershatter, Gail (1993). The Workers of Tianjin, 1900-1949. Stanford UP. ISBN 978-0-8047-2216-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=xU5UrgIfE_cC.
- Lin, Chao Zhen; Wei Ran Lin, Rick L. Wing (2010). Fu Zhen Song's Dragon Bagua Zhang. Blue Snake Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-238-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=spFzAOA-AzEC. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- Lutang, Sun; Tim Cartmell (2003). A Study of Taijiquan. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-55643-462-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=DVqGOf1WB9EC&pg=PA31. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- Vercammen, Dan (2009). "Modernity Contra Tradition? Taijiquan's Struggle for Survival: A Chinese Case Study". In Rik Pinxten, Lisa Dikomitis. When God comes to town: religious traditions in urban contexts. Berghahn Books. pp. 114–44. ISBN 978-1-84545-554-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=RmuX5nwX2hoC&pg=PA126. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- Waldrun, Arthur (2003). From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924-1925. Cambridge UP. ISBN 978-0-521-52332-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=MOK2HJ7BHigC&g=PA95.
- Weiming, Weiming Chen, Chen; Barbara Davis (2000). Taiji Sword. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-55643-333-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=iUGb-WA57vIC&pg=PA3. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
The original article can be found at Li Jinglin and the edit history here.