Military Wiki
Register
Advertisement

Lindsey Graham
Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006
United States Senator
from South Carolina
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2003
Serving with Tim Scott
Preceded by Strom Thurmond
Member of the United States House of Representatives
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2003
Preceded by Butler Derrick
Succeeded by J. Gresham Barrett
Member of the
South Carolina House of Representatives
from the 2nd District

In office
1993–1995
Personal details
Born Lindsey Olin Graham
July 9, 1955(1955-07-09) (age 69)
Central, South Carolina
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) None (Bachelor)
Children None
Residence Seneca, South Carolina
Alma mater University of South Carolina (B.A., J.D.)
Occupation Attorney
Religion Southern Baptist
Website www.lgraham.senate.gov
Military service
Service/branch United States Air Force
Years of service 1982–1988 (active)
1988 – present (reserve)
Rank Colonel
Unit Judge Advocate General's Corps
Lt. Gen. Jack Rives pins Col

Lt. Gen. Jack L. Rives pins the Meritorious Service Medal on Col. Lindsey Graham.

Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician who serves as the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, serving in office since 2003. Graham, a member of the Republican Party, was first elected to the 108th Congress.

Born in Central, South Carolina, Graham graduated from the University of South Carolina in 1977, where he later received his Juris Doctor from the University of South Carolina School of Law in 1981. He served in the United States Air Force from 1982 to 1988 and served as a reservist in the South Carolina Air National Guard, with the rank of a Colonel. He worked as a lawyer in private practice before he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1992; serving one term from 1993 to 1995. Graham served in the United States House of Representatives, representing South Carolina's 3rd congressional district from 1995 to 2003. He was elected to four terms, receiving at least 60% of the vote each time. Graham announced he would run in South Carolina's 2002 Senate election, after eight-term incumbent Strom Thurmond announced he would not run for reelection. He won in an uncontested primary and defeated Democratic opponent Alex Sanders in the general election. Graham was reelected to his second term to the Senate in 2008, defeating Bob Conley.

Early life, education, and law career[]

Graham was born in Central, South Carolina, where his parents, Millie and Florence James Graham, ran a liquor store, the Sanitary Cafe.[1] After graduating from D. W. Daniel High School, Graham became the first member of his family to attend college and joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. When he was 21 his mother died, and his father died 15 months later. Because his sister was left orphaned, the service allowed Graham to attend University of South Carolina in Columbia so he could be near home and care for his sister, whom he adopted. During his studies, he became a member of the Pi Kappa Phi social fraternity.

He graduated from the University of South Carolina with a B.A. in Psychology in 1977 and from the University of South Carolina School of Law with a J.D. in 1981. Upon graduating, Graham was commissioned as an officer and judge advocate in the United States Air Force, placed on active duty and sent to Europe as a military prosecutor. He eventually entered private practice as a lawyer.

Military service[]

Graham joined the United States Air Force in 1982, and served on active duty until 1988. Following his departure he stayed in the military, joining the South Carolina Air National Guard[2] and the U.S. Air Force Reserve. During the Gulf War, he was recalled to active duty, serving as a Judge Advocate at McEntire Air National Guard Station in Eastover, South Carolina, where he helped brief departing pilots on the laws of war.[3] He later transferred from the Air National Guard to the Air Force Reserve.

In 1998, according to the Congressional daily newspaper The Hill, Graham was describing himself on his website as an Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm veteran. In reality, he never left South Carolina. Graham responded "I have not told anybody I'm a combatant," he said. "I'm not a war hero, and never said I was. I never intended to lie. If I have lied about my military record, I'm not fit to serve in Congress," further noting that he "never deployed."[4] In 2004, Graham received a promotion to Colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve at a White House ceremony officiated by President George W. Bush.

Graham served in Iraq as a reservist on active duty for short periods during April and two weeks in August 2007, where he worked on detainee and rule-of-law issues.[5] He also served in Afghanistan during the August 2009 Senate recess.[6]

Through 2010, Graham served as a senior instructor for the Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Air Force.[7]

South Carolina House of Representatives[]

In 1992, Graham was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives from a district in Oconee County, and served one term.

U.S. House of Representatives[]

Elections[]

In 1994, 20-year incumbent Democratic U.S. Congressman Butler Derrick decided to retire. Graham decided to run for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district in the northwestern part of the state. With Republican U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond campaigning on his behalf, Graham won the Republican primary with 52% of the vote, defeating Bob Cantrell (33%) and Ed Allgood (15%).[8] In the general election, Graham defeated Democratic State Senator James Bryan, Jr. 60%-40%.[9] As a part of the 1994 Republican Revolution, Graham became the first Republican to represent this district since 1877. In 1996, he was challenged by Debbie Dorn, the daughter of longtime Democratic U.S. Congressman W.J. Bryan Dorn and niece of Butler Derrick (both of whom represented the 3rd district). However, Graham won re-election to a second term, defeating Dorn 60%-40%.[10] In 1998, he won re-election to a third term unopposed.[11] In 2000, he won re-election to a fourth term with 68% of the vote.[12]

Tenure[]

Graham notably supported John McCain's presidential bid in 2000, and served as national co-chairman of McCain's 2008 presidential bid.

In 1996 Graham voted for the Defense of Marriage Act.[13]

He was a member of the Judiciary Committee during the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1998. Graham opposed some articles, but vigorously supported others. In January and February 1999, after two impeachment articles had been passed by the full House, he was one of the managers who brought the House's case to Clinton's trial in the Senate which did not convict Clinton.[14]

Committee assignments[]

During his service in the House, Graham served on the following committees:

  • Committee on International Relations, 1995–1998
  • Committee on Education and the Workforce, 1995–2002
  • Committee on the Judiciary, 1997–2002
  • Committee on Armed Services, 1999–2002

U.S. Senate[]

Elections[]

2002

In 2002, longtime U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond decided to retire. Graham decided to run and won the Republican primary unopposed. In the general election, he defeated Democrat Alex Sanders, the former president of the College of Charleston, 54%-44%.[15] He became South Carolina's first new U.S. Senator since 1965. He was first Republican elected since Reconstruction. Graham served as Junior Senator for only two years, serving with U.S. Senator Fritz Hollings, until he retired.[16]

2008

When he ran for a second term in 2008, he was challenged in the Republican primary by Buddy Witherspoon. Graham defeated him 67%-33%, winning all but one of South Carolina's 46 counties. Graham then defeated Bob Conley in the general election.[17]

Tenure[]

Alito confirmation hearings

During the Judiciary Committee's confirmation hearings for the nomination of Samuel Alito to the United States Supreme Court, a question arose concerning Alito's membership in a Princeton University organization which some said was sexist and racist.[18][18][19] Alito "deplored" racist comments made by the organization's founder.[20] While Graham said that Alito may be saying this because he wanted the nomination, he concluded that he had no reason to believe that because "you seem to be a decent, honorable man."[20] Alito's wife and sister characterized Graham's statements as supportive.[21][22]

Free speech

During an appearance on Face the Nation on April 3, 2011,[23] Graham "suggested that Congress take unspecified though formal action against the Koran-burning by Florida preacher Terry Jones," in light of an attack on United Nations personnel triggered by Jones' actions.[24] In asserting that "Congress might need to explore the need to limit some forms of freedom of speech,"[25] Graham argued that "Free speech is a great idea, but we’re in a war," and claimed that "during World War II, we had limits on what you could say if it would inspire the enemy."[24][26]

Gang of 14

On May 23, 2005, Graham was one of the Gang of 14 senators to forge a compromise that brought a halt to the continued blockage of an up or down vote on judicial nominees. This compromise negated both the Democrats' use of a filibuster and the Republican "nuclear option" as described in the media. Under the agreement, the Democrats would retain the power to filibuster a Bush judicial nominee only in an "extraordinary circumstance", and three conservative Bush appellate court nominees (Janice Rogers Brown, Priscilla Owen and William Pryor) would receive a vote by the full Senate.

Detainee interrogations

In July 2005, Graham secured the declassification and release of memoranda outlining concerns made by senior military lawyers as early as 2003 about the legality of the interrogations of prisoners held at Guantanamo Bay.[27]

In response to this and a June 2004 U.S. Supreme Court decision allowing detainees to file habeas corpus petitions to challenge their detentions, Graham authored an amendment[28] to a Department of Defense Authorization Act attempting to clarify the authority of American courts which passed in November 2005 by a vote of 49–42 in the Senate despite opposition from human rights groups and legal scholars because of the lack of rights it provides detainees.[29][30]

Graham has said he amended the Department of Defense Authorization Act in order to give military lawyers, as opposed to politically appointed lawyers, a more independent role in the oversight of military commanders. He has argued that two of the largest problems leading to the detainee abuse scandals at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib were this lack of oversight and troops' confusion over legal boundaries.[31]

Graham further explains that military lawyers had long observed the provisions of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Convention, but that those provisions had not been considered by the Bush administration in decisions regarding the treatment of detainees in Guantanamo Bay. He has claimed that better legal oversight within the military's chain of command will prevent future detainee abuse.[32]

Regarding U.S. Citizens accused of supporting terrorism, senator Lindsey Graham has stated before the senate, "When they say, ‘I want my lawyer,’ you tell them: ‘Shut up. You don’t get a lawyer. You are an enemy combatant, and we are going to talk to you about why you joined Al Qaeda.’"

U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham, 2011[33]

The Graham amendment was itself amended by Democratic Senator Carl Levin so that it would not strip the courts of their jurisdiction in cases like Hamdan v. Rumsfeld that had already been granted cert; this compromise version passed by a vote of 84–14, though it did little to satisfy many critics of the original language. The Graham-Levin amendment, combined with Republican Senator John McCain's amendment banning torture, became known as the Detainee Treatment Act and attempted to limit interrogation techniques to those in the U.S. Army Field Manual of Interrogation. Verbal statements by Senators at the time of the amendment's passage indicated that Congress believed that Levin's changes would protect the courts' jurisdiction over cases like Hamdan, though Levin and his cosponsor Kyl placed in the Congressional Record a statement indicating that there would be no change.

In February 2006, Graham joined Senator Jon Kyl in filing an amicus brief in the Hamdan v. Rumsfeld case that argued "Congress was aware" that the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 would strip the Supreme Court of jurisdiction to hear "pending cases, including this case" brought by the Guantanamo detainees.[34]

In a May 2009 CNN interview, Graham referred to the domestic internment of German and Japanese prisoners of war and US Citizens as a model for domestic detention of Guantanamo detainees by saying, "We had 450,000 Japanese and German prisoners housed in the United States during World War II. As a nation, we can deal with this."[35]

Immigration reform

Graham was a supporter of "comprehensive immigration reform" and of S. 2611, the McCain-Kennedy Immigration Reform Bill of 2006 as well as S. 1348 of 2007, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007. His positions on immigration, and in particular collaborating with Senator Ted Kennedy, earned Graham the ire of conservative activists.[36] The controversy prompted conservative activists to support a primary challenge in 2008 by longtime Republican national committeeman Buddy Witherspoon,[37][38] but Graham won the nomination by a large margin.[39] 

In July 2010, however, Graham suggested that U.S. citizenship as an automatic birthright guaranteed by the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution should be amended, and that any child born of illegal immigrants inside the borders of the United States should themselves be considered illegal immigrants.[40] Graham alleged that "Half the children born in hospitals on our borders are the children of illegal immigrants." [41] Responding to the Graham claim, the New York Times cited a Pew Foundation study estimating that illegal immigrants account for only 8 percent of births in the United States and that 80 percent of the mothers had been in the U.S. for more than one year.[42]

On January 28, 2013, Graham was a member of a bi-partisan group of eight Senators which announced principles for comprehensive immigration reform (CIR).[43] On June 23, Graham said that the Senate was close to obtaining 70 votes to pass the reform package.[44]

Second Amendment

Graham has been given an A rating by the NRA and a B rating by the Gun Owners of America, indicating a strong pro-gun stance.[45]

Health care

Graham opposed President Barack Obama's health reform legislation; he voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in December 2009,[46] and he voted against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[47]

Graham is a cosponsor of the Healthy Americans Act.

Same-sex marriage

As a Senator, in 2004 he voted for the Federal Marriage Amendment.[48] He received a rating of 0% from the Human Rights Campaign, a lobby group which promotes LGBT rights in the United States, in each reporting period from 1995 to 2008, with the exception of 1999, when he received a rating of 9%.[49] Graham has also voted against same-sex adoptions in Washington, D.C.[50]

Climate change

On December 10, 2009, Graham co-sponsored a letter to President Barack Obama along with Senators John Kerry and Joe Lieberman announcing their commitment to passing a climate change bill and outlining its framework.[51] Graham has been identified as a leading supporter of passing a climate change bill and was thought to be a likely sponsor for the final bill. The Senators have identified a green economy, clean air, energy independence, consumer protection, increasing nuclear power and regulating the world's carbon market as the key features to a successful climate change bill.[52] In response to Senate Democrats shifting their priorities to immigration issues, a reaction to Arizona's passage of an illegal immigration law, Senator Graham withdrew his support for the climate bill, leaving its passage in doubt.[53]

Graham told reporters in June 2010 that "The science about global warming has changed. I think they've oversold this stuff, quite frankly. I think they've been alarmist and the science is in question. The whole movement has taken a giant step backward."[54] He also stated that he planned to vote against the climate bill that he had originally co-sponsored, citing further restriction of offshore drilling added to the bill and the bill's impact on transportation.[55]

Foreign policy

Graham has supported an interventionist foreign policy. On November 6, 2010, at the Halifax International Security Forum, he called for a pre-emptive military strike to "neuter" the Iranian regime.[56] He has also argued that "the U.S. needs to keep at least 10,000 troops in Iraq into 2012," saying that "If we're not smart enough to work with the Iraqis to have 10,000 to 15,000 American troops in Iraq in 2012, Iraq could go to hell."[57]

In August 2011, Graham co-sponsored with Sen. Jeanne Shaheen Senate Resolution 175, wherewith he contended that "Russia's invasion of Georgian land in 2008 was an act of aggression, not only to Georgia but to all new democracies." The claim that Russia instigated the aggression in South Ossetia, however, has been contradicted by many observers, including a European Union investigation. The resolution passed unanimously.

He is an advisor to the Atlantic Bridge.

Graham is an unabashed supporter of Israel. Graham has recently threatened derailing the confirmation of President Obama's nomination for secretary of defense, Chuck Hagel, remarking that Hagel "would be the most antagonistic secretary of defense towards the state of Israel in our nation’s history."[58]

In 2013 Graham said that he shared the blame for the impending defense cuts due to sequestration.[59]

On January 29, 2013, in an interview with Fox News, he claimed Hillary Clinton "got away with murder", following Clinton's testimony during the Benghazi hearings.[60]

On February 28, 2013, Graham on the Senate floor criticized President Obama, and both majority political parties for allowing the budget reduction to occur with "two-thirds of the budget" exempt from reductions and said the impact on the Department of Defense would create a "hollow military" that "invites aggression".[61]

On July 16, 2013, Graham suggested the United States should consider boycotting the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia because of "what the Russian government is doing throughout the world."[62]

Taxation

Graham has signed Grover Norquist's Taxpayer Protection Pledge. However, in June 2012 he went on record supporting the closure of tax loopholes without compensating decreases in other tax revenue, saying "We're so far in debt, that if you don't give up some ideological ground, the country sinks."[63]

Committee assignments[]

  • Committee on Armed Services
  • Committee on the Budget
  • Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
    • Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce and the District of Columbia
    • Ad Hoc Subcommittee on State, Local, and Private Sector Preparedness and Integration
    • Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery (Ranking Member)
    • Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Contracting Oversight
  • Committee on the Judiciary
    • Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts
    • Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs (Ranking Member)
    • Subcommittee on Human Rights and the Law
    • Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Property Rights
  • Committee on Veterans' Affairs
  • Special Committee on Aging
Previous assignments
  • Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, 2003–2005
  • Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, 2007–2009
  • Select Committee on Intelligence, 2007–2009

Caucus memberships[]

  • International Conservation Caucus
  • Senate National Guard Caucus (Co-Chair)
  • Sportsmen's Caucus
  • Senate Oceans Caucus

Graham is a member of the board of directors of the International Republican Institute.[64]

Electoral history[]

South Carolina's 3rd congressional district: Results 1994–2000[65]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
1994 James E. Bryan, Jr. 59,932 40% Lindsey Graham 90,123 60% *
1996 Debbie Dorn 73,417 39% Lindsey Graham 114,273 60% Lindal Pennington Natural Law 1,835 1%
1998 (no candidate) Lindsey Graham 129,047 100% Write-ins 402 <1%
2000 George Brightharp 67,170 30% Lindsey Graham 150,180 68% Adrian Banks Libertarian 3,116 1% *
*Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1994, write-ins received 13 votes. In 2000, Natural Law candidate LeRoy J. Klein received 1,122 votes and write-ins received 33 votes. George Brightharp ran under both the Democratic and United Citizens Parties and received 2,253 votes on the United Citizen line.
Senate elections in South Carolina (Class II): Results 2002–2008[65]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
2002 Alex Sanders 487,359 44% Lindsey Graham 600,010 54% Ted Adams Constitution 8,228 1% Victor Kocher Libertarian 6,648 1% *
2008 Bob Conley 785,559 42% Lindsey Graham 1,069,137 58% Write-ins 608 <1%
*Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 2002, write-ins received 667 votes.

Personal life[]

Graham has never married and has no children.

References[]

  1. "Lindsey Graham, a Twang of Moderation". The Washington Post. October 7, 1998. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/graham100798.htm. 
  2. United States Senator Lindsey Graham, South Carolina : About Senator Graham
  3. "Enlightenment". The Experience Festival. http://www.experiencefestival.com/lindsey_graham_-_military_servic. Retrieved August 29, 2010. 
  4. The Hill February 18, 1998.
  5. After Tour of Duty in Iraq, Graham Backs 'Surge' – washingtonpost.com
  6. Day, Thomas L. (September 6, 2009). "Military Notebook: Robins to hold birthday bash for Air Force". http://www.macon.com/197/story/834376.html. Retrieved September 7, 2009. 
  7. "Lindsey Graham Supports Obama | McChrystal". Mediaite. June 23, 2010. http://www.mediaite.com/online/sen-lindsey-graham-supports-obama-while-slamming-mcchrystal-and-staff/. Retrieved August 29, 2010. 
  8. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=226146
  9. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28984
  10. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=29767
  11. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=30886
  12. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=625
  13. "104th Congress / House / 2nd session / Vote 300". Washington Post. July 11, 1996. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/104/house/2/votes/300/. Retrieved July 20, 2009. 
  14. "Lindsey Graham". SourceWatch. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lindsey_Graham. Retrieved August 29, 2010. 
  15. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=18
  16. Enr-scvotes.org
  17. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=212760
  18. 18.0 18.1 Porteus, Liza (January 24, 2006). "Sparks Fly at Alito Hearing". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,181286,00.html. 
  19. Sethi, Chanakya (November 18, 2005). "Alito '72 joined conservative alumni group". The Daily Princetonian. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. https://archive.is/ApHS. 
  20. 20.0 20.1 "Second round of Graham Questioning Judge Alito". Office of Senator Lindsey Graham. United States Senate. January 11, 2006. Archived from the original on October 2, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061002153459/http://www.senate.gov/~lgraham/index.cfm?mode=presspage&id=250378. 
  21. "Alito disavows CAP". The Daily Pricetonian. January 11, 2006. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. https://archive.is/Sjkz. 
  22. Kelley, Tina; Nate Schweber (January 13, 2006). "Thrust Into Limelight and for Some a Symbol of Washington's Bite". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/politics/politicsspecial1/13wife.html?pagewanted=2. 
  23. Mataconis, Doug (April 3, 2011) Lindsey Graham On Koran Burning: “Freedom Of Speech Is A Great Idea But We’re In A War.”, Outside the Beltway
  24. 24.0 24.1 Greenwald, Glenn (April 4, 2011) The most uncounted cost of Endless War, Salon.com
  25. Sullivan, Andrew (April 3, 2011) "Free Speech Is A Great Idea, But ...", The Atlantic
  26. Hunter, Jack (April 7, 2011) Lindsey Graham’s War on Freedom, The American Conservative
  27. Military's Opposition to Harsh Interrogation Is Outlined, New York Times
  28. S8859, The Graham Amendment
  29. ACLU Urges Congress to Reject Court Stripping Measure
  30. Right To Trial Imperiled by Senate Vote by Jeremy Brecher & Brendan Smith
  31. FRONTLINE Interview: Rumsfeld's War. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  32. FRONTLINE Interview: The Choice 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  33. Savage, Charlie, "Senate Declines to Clarify Rights of American Qaeda Suspects Arrested in U.S.," The New York Times, December 1, 2001:[1].
  34. Invisible Men: Did Lindsey Graham and Jon Kyl mislead the Supreme Court?, by Emily Bazelon – Slate Magazine
  35. "I Just Saw This on CNN.com: Sen. Graham on Gitmo detainees". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/politics/2009/05/06/nr.phillips.hunter.intv.cnn.html. Retrieved May 7, 2010. 
  36. "Kennedy alliance costly to GOP senators" The Washington Times
  37. "Immigration stance hurts Graham at home, poll finds". TheHill.com. June 22, 2007. http://thehill.com/campaign-2008/grahams-approval-plunges-on-immigration-2007-06-22.html. 
  38. "RNC official inches toward Graham battle". TheHill.com. November 14, 2007. http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/rnc-official-inches-toward-graham-battle-2007-11-14.html. 
  39. "Graham romps to easy win over challenger Witherspoon". The State. June 11, 2008. http://www.thestate.com/local/story/430462.html. 
  40. Elyse Siegel (July 29, 2010). "Lindsey Graham: 'Birthright Citizenship Is A Mistake,' 'We Should Change Constitution'". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/29/lindsey-graham-birthright_n_664030.html. 
  41. Jessica Vaitis (Jan 20, 2012). "Graham visits NMB Republican Club". North Myrtle Beach Times. http://www.nmbtimes.com/nm/publish/news_648.html. 
  42. "Births to Illegal Immigrants Studied" The New York Times, August 11, 2010, p. A-19
  43. "Senators Reach a Bipartisan Agreement for Comprehensive Immigration Reform". The National Law Review. Fowler White Boggs P.A.. 2013-01-31. http://www.natlawreview.com/article/senators-reach-bipartisan-agreement-comprehensive-immigration-reform. Retrieved 2013-02-01. 
  44. Isenstadt, Alex. "Graham: We're close to 70 votes on immigration reform". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/politico-live/2013/06/graham-were-close-to-votes-166816.html?hp=l11. Retrieved 24 June 2013. 
  45. "Project Vote Smart". http://www.votesmart.org/issue_rating_category.php?can_id=21992&type=category&category=37. 
  46. Senate.gov
  47. "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00105. Retrieved August 29, 2010. 
  48. "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 108th Congress – 2nd Sessio". U.S. Senate. July 14, 2004. http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=108&session=2&vote=00155. Retrieved July 20, 2009. 
  49. "Project Vote Smart – Senator Lindsey O. Graham – Interest Group Ratings". Project Vote Smart. http://www.votesmart.org/issue_rating_category.php?can_id=21992&type=category&category=13. Retrieved July 20, 2009. 
  50. "Lindsey Graham on Civil Rights". On The issues. On The Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/domestic/Lindsey_Graham_Civil_Rights.htm. Retrieved June 6, 2012. 
  51. Greenenergyreporter.com, Green Energy Reporter
  52. NYtimes.com, New York Times
  53. New York Times
  54. "Lindsey Graham Said What About Climate Change?". Mother Jones. http://motherjones.com/blue-marble/2010/06/graham-takes-climate-denial-plunge. 
  55. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/25/us/politics/25graham.html
  56. Dailymail.co.uk
  57. Burns, Robert (April 11, 2011) Pentagon Has Second Thoughts About U.S. Troop Withdrawal From Iraq, Associated Press
  58. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/01/obama-will-nominate-chuck-hagel-as-next-defense-secretary/
  59. "GOP lawmakers work to avoid Pentagon cuts."
  60. "Lindsey Graham: Hillary Clinton ‘got away with murder’"
  61. "Awesome". Senators on Automatic Spending Cuts Feb 28, 2013. C-Span. 28 February 2013. http://www.c-spanvideo.org/clip/4370441. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
    Jeremy Herb (28 February 2013). "OVERNIGHT DEFENSE: Senate bills fail on sequester’s eve". http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/budget-appropriations/285635-overnight-defense-senate-bills-fail-on-sequesters-eve. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
    Dan Friedman (28 February 2013). "Capitol Hill lawmakers still show no desire to compromise to lessen economic impact of $85 billion in automatic spending cuts, set to hit books March 1". http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/congress-stop-sequester-prayer-article-1.1276597. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
    Kara Rowland (28 February 2013). "Senator Lindsey Graham blasts fellow Republicans and President Obama". http://gretawire.foxnewsinsider.com/2013/02/28/senator-lindsey-graham-blasts-fellow-republicans-and-president-obama/. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
  62. Hunt, Kasie. "Graham: US should consider Olympic boycott over possible Snowden asylum". NBC News. http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/17/19510080-graham-us-should-consider-olympic-boycott-over-possible-snowden-asylum. Retrieved 17 July 2013. 
  63. Karl, J.; et al. "Top conservative says read my lips: Don't sign 'no new tax' pledge" Spinners and Winners, ABC News, June 12, 2012.
  64. International Republican Institute web site, Retrieved July 16, 2010.
  65. 65.0 65.1 "Election Statistics". Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html. Retrieved August 8, 2007. 

External links[]

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
Butler Derrick
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 3rd congressional district

1995–2003
Succeeded by
J. Gresham Barrett
United States Senate
Preceded by
Strom Thurmond
U.S. Senator (Class 2) from South Carolina
2003–present
Served alongside: Ernest Hollings, Jim DeMint, Tim Scott
Succeeded by
Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Strom Thurmond
Republican Party nominee for United States Senator from South Carolina (Class 2)
2002, 2008
Succeeded by
Most recent
United States order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Saxby Chambliss
R-Georgia
United States Senators by seniority
35th
Succeeded by
Lamar Alexander
R-Tennessee
All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Lindsey Graham and the edit history here.
Advertisement