The Citadelle of Quebec is a National Historic Site of Canada,[1] and also forms part of the Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada.[1] The fortress is located within the "Historic District of Old Québec", which was designated a World Heritage Site in 1985.[2]
This is a list of all forts in New France built by the French government or French Chartered companies in what later became Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States. They range from large European-type citadels like at Quebec City to tiny fur-trade posts.[3]
Canada[]
The French forts in Canada were located west from Alberta to the Atlantic Ocean and as far north as James Bay. Built between the 1640s and the 1750s, a few were captured from rival British fur trading companies like Hudson's Bay Company. The forts were located on waterways to provide transport of fur back east to Montreal or Quebec City. A few have survived or been re-built, but most are ruins or simply disappeared after abandonment.
| Name[4][5] | Date constructed ca. | Location | Province | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Anne | 1636 | Annapolis Royal |  Nova Scotia
|
|
| Fort Bas de la Rivière | 1750 | Fort Alexander |  Manitoba
| |
| Fort Boishébert | 1749 | Grand Bay |  New Brunswick |
|
| Fort Beauséjour | 1751 | Aulac | New Brunswick |
|
| Fort Bourbon (West) | 1741 | Grand Rapids | Manitoba
| |
| Fort Bourbon (North) | 1697 | York Factory | Manitoba |
|
| Fort Charlesbourg Royal | 1541-1543 | Cap-Rouge |  Quebec |
|
| Fort Chambly | 1665 | Chambly | Quebec |
|
| Citadelle of Quebec | 1693 | Quebec City | Quebec |
|
| Citadelle of Montreal | 1690-1821 | Montreal | Quebec |
|
| Fort Dauphin | 1741 | Winnipegosis | Manitoba
| |
| Fort de la Corne | 1753 | Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest |  Saskatchewan |
|
| Fort de la Montagne | 1685 | Montreal | Quebec |
|
| Fort du Moulin | 1749 | Trois-Rivière | Quebec |
File:Fort du Moulin.jpg |
| Fort du Sault Saint-Louis | 1725 | Kahnawake | Quebec
| |
| Fort Espérance | 1787 | near Rocanville | Saskatchewan |
|
| Fort Frontenac | 1673 | Kingston |  Ontario |
|
| Fort Gaspareaux | 1751 | Port Elgin | New Brunswick
| |
| Fort Kaministiquia | 1717 | Thunder Bay | Ontario
| |
| Fort Lachine | 1669-1695 | Lachine | Quebec |
|
| Fort Laprairie | 1687 | Laprairie | Quebec
| |
| Fort La Reine | 1738 | Portage la Prairie | Manitoba |
File:Fort La Reine1.jpg |
| Fort Le Jonquiere | 1751 | Saskatchewan River Forks (near Prince Albert) | Saskatchewan |
File:Fort La Jonquière.JPG |
| Fortress of Louisbourg | 1719 | Louisbourg | Nova Scotia |
|
| Fort Maurepas | 1733 | Selkirk | Manitoba
| |
| Fort Menagoueche | 1751 | Saint John | New Brunswick
| |
| Fort Paskoya | 1741 | The Pas (on Cedar Lake) | Manitoba
| |
| Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles | 1670 | Pointe-aux-Trembles | Quebec |
|
| Fort Richelieu | 1641 | near Sorel-Tracy | Quebec |
|
| Fort Rouge | 1738 | Winnipeg | Manitoba |
File:Fort Rouge.jpg |
| Fort Rouillé | 1750 | Toronto | Ontario |
|
| Fort Royal (Plaisance) | 1687 | Placentia |  Newfoundland and Labrador
| |
| Fort Sainte Anne (Hudson Bay) | 1670 (1686) | Fort Albany | Ontario |
|
| Fort Sainte Anne | 1629-1641 | Englishtown | Nova Scotia
| |
| Fort Saint Jacques | 1686-1693 and 1697-1713 | Waskaganish, Quebec (Fort Rupert) | Quebec
| |
| Fort Saint-Jean | 1746 | Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu | Quebec |
|
| Fort St. Louis | 1620-1834 | Quebec | Quebec |
File:Fort Saint-Louis.JPG |
| Fort St. Louis | 1670s (1686) | Moose Factory | Ontario
| |
| Fort St. Pierre | 1731 | Fort Frances (near mouth of the Rainy River meets with Rainy Lake) | Ontario |
|
| Fort Sainte Thérèse | 1665 | Carignan | Quebec |
|
| Fort Senneville | 1671 | Montreal | Quebec
| |
| Fort Témiscamingue | 1679 | Ville Marie | Quebec |
|
| Fort Ville-Marie | 1642-1688 | Montreal | Quebec |
|
| Port-la-Joye | 1720 | Charlottetown |  Prince Edward Island |
|
Saint Pierre and Miquelon[]
| Name | Date constructed ca. | Location | Commune |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pointe aux Cannon Battery[6] | 1690 | Saint Pierre Island | Saint-Pierre |
United States[]
The French forts built in what is now the United States, were part of a series of forts built from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi delta; as far West as the Dakotas, and as far East as Maine.
| Name[4][5] | Date constructed ca. | Location | State | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort des Alibamons | 1717 | Wetumpka | Alabama | 
|
| Fort Assumption | 1739 | Memphis | Tennessee | |
| Fort Beauharnois | 1727 | Goodhue County | Minnesota | 
|
| Fort de Buade | 1683 | St. Ignace | Michigan | |
| Fort Carillon | 1754-57 | Ticonderoga | New York | 
|
| Fort Caroline | 1564 | Jacksonville | Florida | |
| Fort de Cavagnal | 1744 | Missouri River between Kansas City and Fort Leavenworth | Kansas | 
|
| Fort Charles | 1562 | Beaufort | South Carolina | |
| Fort de Chartres | 1720 | Randolph County | Illinois | |
| Fort Condé | 1723 | Mobile | Alabama | File:Mobile-Alabama-Fort-Conde-fortress-replica-art.jpg |
| Fort Conti | 1679 | Youngstown | New York | |
| Fort Crèvecoeur | 1680 | Creve Coeur | Illinois | |
| Fort Denonville | 1687 | Youngstown | New York | 
|
| Fort Ponchartrain du Détroit | 1701 | Detroit | Michigan | 
|
| Fort Duquesne | 1754 | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 
|
| Fort de La Présentation | 1671 | Ogdensburg | New York | 
|
| Fort de la Rivière au Bœuf | 1753 | Waterford | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Lévis | 1759 | Ogdensburg | New York | 
|
| Fort Louis de la Louisiane | 1702 | Le Moyne | Alabama | File:Fort Louis de la Mobile.jpg |
| Fort Machault | 1754 | Franklin | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Massac | 1757 | Massac County | Illinois | |
| Fort Maurepas | 1699 | Ocean Springs | Mississippi | 
|
| Fort Miami (Indiana) | 1715 | Fort Wayne | Indiana | |
| Fort Miami (Michigan) | 1679 | St. Joseph | Michigan | File:Fort Miamis.jpg |
| Fort Michilimackinac | 1715 | Mackinaw City | Michigan | |
| Fort des Natchitoches | 1714 | Natchitoches | Louisiana | |
| Fort Niagara | 1678 | Youngstown | New York | 
|
| Fort Orleans | 1723 | Brunswick | Missouri | File:Fort Orléans.JPG |
| Fort Ouiatenon | 1717 | West Lafayette | Indiana | |
| Fort Pentagouet | 1638 | Castine | Maine | 
|
| Fort Pimiteoui | 1691 | Peoria | Illinois | |
| Fort Presque Isle | 1753 | Erie | Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Prudhomme | 1682 | Memphis | Tennessee | File:Fort Prud'homme.JPG |
| Fort Rosalie | 1716 | Natchez | Mississippi | |
| Fort Ste. Anne | 1666 | Isle La Motte | Vermont | |
| Fort St. Charles | 1732 | Lake of the Woods County | Minnesota | |
| Fort St. Frédéric | 1729-1757 | Crown Point | New York | 
|
| Fort St. Joseph | 1691 | Niles | Michigan | |
| Fort Saint Louis | 1685 | Inez | Texas | 
|
| Fort St. Louis-Le Rocher | 1682 | North Utica | Illinois | |
| Fort Sandoské | 1745 | Sandusky Bay | Ohio | 
|
| Fort de Tombecbé | 1735-37 | Epes | Alabama | |
| Fort Toulouse | 1717 | Wetumpka | Alabama |
|
| Fort Vincennes | 1731-32 | Vincennes | Indiana | 
|
See also[]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to French forts in North America. |
- Military of New France
- List of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
- List of North American cities by year of foundation
- Canada related
- Canadian Forces base
- Former colonies and territories in Canada
- List of Royal Canadian Air Force stations
- List of Royal Canadian Navy stations
- United States related
- List of United States Army installations
- List of United States Army airfields
- List of United States military bases
- List of United States Navy installations
- List of United States Marine Corps installations
- List of United States Air Force installations
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Québec Citadel. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ↑ "Historic District of Old Québec". World Heritage Convention. UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/300. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ↑ Rene Chartrand (2013). French Fortresses in North America 1535-1763: Quebec, Montreal, Louisbourg and New Orleans. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0317-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=ihSrWOl-zsIC&pg=PA1736.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rene Chartrand (2013). The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600-1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0318-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=TiRaipmk2B0C&pg=PA1689.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 René Chartrand (2010). The Forts of New France: The Great Lakes, the Plains and the Gulf Coast, 1600-1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-504-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=RNhWYYZBlEEC&pg=PP1.
- ↑ "Landmarks and monuments Saint-Pierre and Miquelon". http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/english/lieux.php. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
The original article can be found at List of French forts in North America and the edit history here.