Oko is a Russian satellite-based missile detection and early warning system. The system has used a total of 101 satellites, which were launched between 1972 and 2012. Eighty six US-K satellites, operated in semisynchronous elliptical molniya orbits, were launched by Molniya-M carrier rockets with Blok 2BL upper stages, whilst the geostationary part of the system was served by seven US-KS and eight US-KMO satellites, launched using Proton-K carrier rockets with Blok DM and DM-2 upper stages.
Spacecraft | Type[1] | Launch Date (UTC)[2] | Carrier rocket[2] | Launch site[2] | Placement[3] | Ceased operations[3] | Decay Date[4] | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kosmos 520 | US-K | September 19, 1972 19:19:03 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 4 | Unknown | in orbit | |
Kosmos 606 | US-K | November 2, 1973 13:01:56 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 4 | April 1974 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 665 | US-K | June 29, 1974 15:59:58 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 2 | September 1975 | July 6, 1990 | |
Kosmos 706 | US-K | January 30, 1975 15:02 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 7 | November 1975 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 775 | US-KS[5] | October 8, 1975 00:30:00 |
Proton-K/DM | Baikonur 81/23 | GEO | October 1975 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 862 | US-K | October 22, 1976 09:12 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 5 | March 1977 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 903 | US-K | April 11, 1977 01:38 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 7 | June 1978 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 917 | US-K | June 16, 1977 01:58 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 9 | March 1979 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 931 | US-K | July 20, 1977 04:44 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 2 | October 1977 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1024 | US-K | June 28, 1978 02:59 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 2 | May 1980 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1030 | US-K | September 6, 1978 03:04 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 4 | October 1978 | August 17, 2004 | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1109 | US-K | June 27, 1979 18:11 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 9 | February 1980 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1124 | US-K | August 28, 1979 00:17 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 4 | September 1979 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1164 | US-K | February 12, 1980 00:53 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 9 | February 12, 1980 | February 12, 1980 | Launch failure; Blok 2BL failed to ignite, never left low Earth parking orbit[6] |
Kosmos 1172 | US-K | April 12, 1980 20:18 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 9 | April 1982 | December 26, 1997 | |
Kosmos 1188 | US-K | June 14, 1980 20:52 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 2 | October 1980 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1191 | US-K | July 2, 1980 00:54 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 4 | May 1981 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1217 | US-K | October 24, 1980 10:53 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 2 | March 1983 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1223 | US-K | November 27, 1980 21:37 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 7 | August 1982 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1247 | US-K | February 19, 1981 10:00 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 5 | October 1981 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1261 | US-K | March 31, 1981 09:40 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 6 | May 1981 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1278 | US-K | June 19, 1981 19:37:04 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 4 | July 1984 | September 2, 2000 | |
Kosmos 1285 | US-K | August 4, 1981 00:13 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 6 | November 1981 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1317 | US-K | October 31, 1981 22:54 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 9 | January 1984 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1341 | US-K | March 3, 1982 05:44:38 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 5 | February 1984 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1348 | US-K | April 7, 1982 13:42 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 9 | July 1984 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1367 | US-K | May 20, 1982 13:09 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 1 | September 1984 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1382 | US-K | June 25, 1982 02:28 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 7 | September 1984 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1409 | US-K | September 22, 1982 06:23 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 2 | January 1987 | June 8, 2009 | |
Kosmos 1456 | US-K | April 25, 1983 19:34 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 4 | August 1983 | May 11, 1998 | |
Kosmos 1481 | US-K | July 8, 1983 19:21 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 6 | July 9, 1983 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1518 | US-K | December 28, 1983 03:48 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 5 | June 1984 | September 19, 1998 | |
Kosmos 1541 | US-K | March 6, 1984 17:10 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 3 | October 1985 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1546 | US-KS[5] | March 29, 1984 05:53 |
Proton-K/DM | Baikonur 200/40 | GEO 1 & 4 | November 1986 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1547 | US-K | April 4, 1984 01:40:04 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 7 | August 1985 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1569 | US-K | June 6, 1984 15:34 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 5 | January 1986 | May 7, 2001 | |
Kosmos 1581 | US-K | July 3, 1984 21:31 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 8 | August 1985 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1586 | US-K | August 2, 1984 08:38 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 4 | April 1985 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1596 | US-K | September 7, 1984 19:13 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 9 | November 1986 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1604 | US-K | October 4, 1984 | Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 1 | September 1985 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1629 | US-KS[5] | February 21, 1985 07:57 |
Proton-K/DM | Baikonur 200/39 | GEO 4, 3 & 1 | January 1987 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1658 | US-K | June 11, 1985 14:27 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 6 | September 1987 | November 12, 2005 | |
Kosmos 1661 | US-K | June 18, 1985 00:40:26 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO | October 1989 | in orbit | Never entered service |
Kosmos 1675 | US-K | August 12, 1985 15:09 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 8 | January 1986 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1684 | US-K | September 24, 1985 01:18:10 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 4 | March 1989 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1687 | US-K | September 30, 1985 19:23 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 2 | September 1985 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1698 | US-K | October 22, 1985 20:24 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 3 | August 1986 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1701 | US-K | November 9, 1985 08:25 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 8 | November 1987 | May 11, 2001 | |
Kosmos 1729 | US-K | February 1, 1986 18:11:56 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 5 | May 1988 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1761 | US-K | July 5, 1986 01:16:47 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 3 | October 1988 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1774 | US-K | August 28, 1986 08:02:43 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 7 | July 1988 | November 2, 2010 | |
Kosmos 1783 | US-K | October 3, 1986 13:05:40 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 1 | October 3, 1986 | in orbit | Launch failure during upper stage burn, placed in lower than planned orbit and unusable[6] |
Kosmos 1785 | US-K | October 15, 1986 09:29:18 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 9 | January 1991 | February 28, 2002 | |
Kosmos 1793 | US-K | November 20, 1986 12:09:20 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 2 | August 1991 | May 15, 2011 | |
Kosmos 1806 | US-K | December 12, 1986 18:35:36 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 5 | November 1988 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1849 | US-K | June 4, 1987 18:50:23 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 1 | May 1990 | February 3, 2003 | |
Kosmos 1851 | US-K | June 12, 1987 07:40:28 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 6 | November 1989 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1894 | US-KS[5] | October 28, 1987 15:15:00 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 200/40 | GEO 1 | December 1991 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1903 | US-K | December 21, 1987 22:35:42 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 8 | November 1992 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1922 | US-K | February 26, 1988 09:39:12 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 5 | July 1990 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1966 | US-K | August 30, 1988 14:14:54 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 3 | December 1990 | November 10, 2005 | |
Kosmos 1974 | US-K | October 3, 1988 22:23:39 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 7 | May 1993 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 1977 | US-K | October 25, 1988 18:02:31 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 41/1 | HEO 6 | July 1990 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2001 | US-K | February 14, 1989 04:21:11 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 4 | March 1993 | September 22, 2008 | |
Kosmos 2050 | US-K | November 23, 1989 20:35:44 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 9 | October 1993 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2063 | US-K | March 27, 1990 16:40:08 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 2 | June 1995 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2076 | US-K | April 28, 1990 11:37:02 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 1 | October 1992 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2084 | US-K | June 21, 1990 20:45:52 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 6 | June 21, 1990 | in orbit | Launch failure; Blok 2BL failed to ignite, never left low Earth orbit[6] |
Kosmos 2087 | US-K | July 25, 1990 18:13:56 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 6 | January 1992 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2097 | US-K | August 28, 1990 07:49:13 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 3 | April 1995 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2105 | US-K | November 20, 1990 02:33:14 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 3 | April 1993 | January 21, 2008 | |
Kosmos 2133 | US-KMO[7] | February 14, 1991 08:31:56 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 200/39 | GEO 4, 3, 2, 1 & 4 | November 1995 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2155 | US-KS[5] | September 13, 1991 17:51:02 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 81/23 | GEO 1 | June 1992 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2176 | US-K | January 24, 1992 01:18:01 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 6 | April 1996 | January 17, 2012 | |
Kosmos 2196 | US-K | July 8, 1992 09:53:14 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 5 | June 1994 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2209 | US-KS[5] | September 10, 1992 18:01:18 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 81/23 | GEO 1 | November 1996 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2217 | US-K | October 21, 1992 10:21:22 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 8 | November 1996 | November 6, 2010 | |
Kosmos 2222 | US-K | November 25, 1992 12:18:54 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/3 | HEO 1 | December 1996 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2224 | US-KMO[7] | December 17, 1992 12:45:00 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 200/39 | GEO 2, 1 & 2 | June 1999 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2232 | US-K | January 26, 1993 15:55:26 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 4 | June 1998 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2241 | US-K | April 6, 1993 19:07:27 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 7 | January 1997 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2261 | US-K | August 10, 1993 14:53:45 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 1 | March 1998 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2282 | US-KMO[7] | July 6, 1994 23:58:51 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 81/23 | HEO 9 | December 1995 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2286 | US-K | August 5, 1994 01:12:21 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 5 | March 1998 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2312 | US-K | May 24, 1995 20:10:09 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 2 | December 1997 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2340 | US-K | April 9, 1997 08:58:44 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 8 | May 2001 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2342 | US-K | May 14, 1997 00:33:57 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 43/4 | HEO 6 | May 2001 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2345 | US-KS[5] | August 24, 1997 20:49:14 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 200/39 | GEO 1 | February 1999 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2350 | US-KMO[7] | April 29, 1998 04:36:54 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 200/39 | GEO 4 | June 1998 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2351 | US-K | May 7, 1998 08:53:22 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 1 | May 2001 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2368 | US-K | December 27, 1999 19:12:44 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | HEO 3 | in orbit | ||
Kosmos 2379 | US-KMO[7] | August 24, 2001 20:35 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 81/24 | GEO 4, 1 & 2 | 2009-10 | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2388 | US-K | April 1, 2002 22:06:45 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | November 2006[8] | September 14, 2011 | ||
Kosmos 2393 | US-K | December 24, 2002 12:20:13 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | March 2007[8] | in orbit | ||
Kosmos 2397 | US-KMO[7] | April 24, 2003 04:23:17 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 81/24 | June 2003[9] | in orbit | ||
Kosmos 2422 | US-K | July 21, 2006 04:20:03 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | Active | in orbit | ||
Kosmos 2430 | US-K | October 23, 2007 04:39 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | Active | in orbit | ||
Kosmos 2440 | US-KMO[7] | June 26, 2008 23:59:43 |
Proton-K/DM-2 | Baikonur 81/24 | GEO 4[10] | February 2010[10] | in orbit | |
Kosmos 2446 | US-K | December 2, 2008 05:00 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | Active | in orbit | ||
Kosmos 2469 | US-K | September 30, 2010 17:01:15 |
Molniya-M/2BL | Plesetsk 16/2 | Active | in orbit | Final flight of Molniya-M[11] | |
Kosmos 2479 | US-KMO[7] | March 30, 2012 05:49[12] |
Proton-K/DM-2[12] | Baikonur 81/24[12] | GEO 4[13] | Active | in orbit | Final flight of Proton-K |
References[]
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "US-K (73D6)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/us-k.htm. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Podvig, Pavel (2002). "History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System" (pdf). pp. 21–60. Digital object identifier:10.1080/08929880212328. ISSN 0892-9882. http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S&GS.pdf.
- ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Krebs, Gunter. "US-KS (74Kh6)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/us-ks.htm. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Wade, Mark. "Molniya 8K78M". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/mol8k78m.htm. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Krebs, Gunter. "US-KMO (71Kh6)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/us-kmo.htm. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Podvig, Pavel (23 October 2007). "Launch of Cosmos-2430 early-warning satellite". RussianForces.org. http://russianforces.org/blog/2007/10/launch_of_cosmos2430_earlywarn.shtml. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ Podvig, Pavel (28 November 2003). "Problems with Russian military satellites". RussianForces.org. http://russianforces.org/blog/2003/11/problems_with_russian_military.shtml. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Podvig, Pavel (2 September 2010). "Only two satellites left in Russia's early-warning system". RussianForces.org. http://russianforces.org/blog/2010/09/only_two_satellites_left_in_ru.shtml. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Molniya rocket". RussianSpaceWeb. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/molniya_lv.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 McDowell, Jonathan (12 April 2012). "Issue 656". Jonathan's Space Report. http://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.656. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ↑ Podvig, Pavel (30 March 2012). "Cosmos-2479 - new geostationary early warning satellite". RussianForces.org. http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/03/cosmos-2479_-_the_last_geostat.shtml. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
The original article can be found at List of Oko satellites and the edit history here.