Morane-Saulnier MS.230

MS.230
Role	Elementary Trainer
Manufacturer	Morane-Saulnier
First flight	February 1929
Primary user	Armée de l'Air Flight School, Reims, France
Number built	1000+

The Morane-Saulnier MS.230 aircraft was the main elementary trainer for the French Armée de l'Air throughout the 1930s. In fact, almost all French pilots flying for the Armée de l'Air at the outbreak of World War II had had their earliest flight training in this machine. It was the equivalent of the Stearman trainer in the United States air services and the de Havilland Tiger Moth in the British Royal Air Force.

Development and design[]

The MS.230 was designed to meet French Air Ministry requirements.^[1] It first flew in February 1929 and proved to be an excellent and stable machine which was very easy to fly. It was placed into service in military flight schools throughout France and was exported abroad to the air forces of numerous other countries. It also became a popular aircraft for sport aviation. The MS.230 was of metal tubular framing with fabric covering throughout, except the forward area of the fuselage, which was metal covered. It had a wide fixed landing gear that made it very stable in takeoff and landing. Unlike other trainers of the time (which were mostly biplanes), the MS.230 was a high parasol wing monoplane. It did have the usual tandem cockpit arrangement in the fuselage for the instructor and pupil. Numbers of MS.230s survived for many years after the war and became civilian trainers and civilian flying club aircraft.

Popular Culture[]

An MS.230 was used at the end of the movie The Blue Max as the "new monoplane" in which Lt. Stachel is killed during a test flight.

Variants[]

Source:^[2]

MS.229 - Hispano-Suiza H8a V8, for Swiss Fliegertruppen; two built, one converted to Wright 9Qa radial in 1932
MS.230 - over 1,100 built; 20 bought by Romania and 25 by Greece in 1931, 9 each bought by Belgium and Brazil; main Armee de l'Air trainer for years; operated by several well-known private owners including Lynn Garrison and Louis Dolfus; some used for trials with Handley Page slats, or skis; one fitted with Lorraine 9Nb Algol Junior
MS.231 - six built, with 179 kW (240 hp) Lorraine 7Mb, 1930
MS.232 - experimental version with 149 kW (200 hp) Clerget 9Ca diesel, 1930
MS.233 - powered by 172 kW (230 hp) Gnome-Rhône 5Ba or Gnome-Rhône 5Bc, six built in France and 16 in Portugal under licence for the Portuguese military
MS.234 - 186 kW (250 hp) Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine, two built, one for U.S. Ambassador in Paris
MS.234/2 - converted from MS.130 racer with 172 kW) (230 hp) Hispano 9Qb and NACA cowling, entered in 1931 Coupe Michelin air race, 86 kW (250 hp) Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine, 1933 fitted with 9Qa engine as MS.234 #2, flown in aerobatic competition by Michael Detroyat until 1938
MS.235 - 224 kW (300 hp) Gnome-Rhône 7Kb engine, one built 1930
MS.235H - twin-float version, first flown 1931
MS.236 - fitted with 160 kW (215 hp) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC, 19 built under licence for Belgian Air Force by SABCA, first flown July 1932
MS.237 - 209 kW (280 hp) Salmson 9Aba engine, five built for private users, introduced 1934

Operators[]

Belgium

Belgian Air Force

Brazil
Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakian Air Force (as C23)

France

Germany

Luftwaffe (small numbers)^[3]

Greece

Hellenic Air Force

Portugal

Portuguese Air Force

Romania

Royal Romanian Air Force

Spain

Spanish Republican Air Force

Switzerland

Swiss Air Force

United States

United States Army Air Corps

Venezuela

Venezuelan Air Force

Specifications[]

Data from Holmes, 2005. p. 97.

General characteristics

Crew: 2 (one instructor, one student)
Length: 6.70 m (22 feet 10 inches)
Wingspan: 10.70 m (35 feet 1 inch)
Height: 2.80 m (9 feet 2 inches)
Empty weight: 829 kg (1,828 pounds)
Loaded weight: 1,150 kg (2,535 pounds)
Powerplant: 1 × Salmson 9AB, 9-cylinder, air-cooled radial engine, 109 kW (230 hp)

Performance

Never exceed speed: 260 km/h (162 mph)
Maximum speed: 260 km/h (162 mph)
Cruise speed: 160 km/h (100 mph)
Stall speed: 90 km/h (56 mph)
Range: 579 km (360 miles)
Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,405 feet)

References[]

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Holmes, 2005. p. 97.
↑ Donald, 1997. p. 664.
↑ Ketley, Barry, and Rolfe, Mark. Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935-1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft (Aldershot, GB: Hikoki Publications, 1996), p.11.

Bibliography

Donald, David. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft (Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997), p. 664, "Morane-Saulnier MS.230 series".
Holmes, Tony (2005). Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-719292-4.

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Morane-Saulnier MS.230.

A History of Greek Military Equipment (1821-today): Greek MS.230 ET2

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Morane-Saulnier MS.230 and the edit history here.

[Holmes-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Holmes, 2005. p. 97.

[2] Donald, 1997. p. 664.

[3] Ketley, Barry, and Rolfe, Mark. Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935-1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft (Aldershot, GB: Hikoki Publications, 1996), p.11.

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