The Opana Radar Site is a National Historic Landmark and IEEE Milestone that commemorates the first operational use of radar by the United States in wartime, during the attack on Pearl Harbor. It is located off the Kamehameha Highway just inland from the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii, south of Kawela Bay. It is not open to the public.
History[]
In December 1939, the U.S. military established an Aircraft Warning Service (AWS) using radar to defend American territory. It employed the SCR-270 radar, the first United States long-range search radar created at the Signal Corps laboratories at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, circa 1937.[1] The radar's operating frequency was 106 megahertz and had a maximum range of 150 miles, or greater if the equipment was at an elevated site.[2]
Under the command of Col. Wilfred H. Tetley the AWS established six mobile radar detector sites on O'ahu at Kawaiola, Wainaae, Ka'a'awa, Koko Head, Schofield Barracks, and Fort Shafter. On Thanksgiving Day in 1941, the Schofield Barracks radar set was moved to the Opana Radar Site, a location 532 feet above sea level with unobstructed view of the Pacific Ocean. The set comprised four trucks carrying the transmitter, modulator, water cooler, receiver, oscilloscope, operator, generator and antenna.[1]
Attack on Pearl Harbor[]
On December 7, 1941, the Opana Radar Site was manned by Private Joseph L. Lockard and Private George Elliot, who detected approaching aircraft at 7:02 am (past the end of the site's scheduled operating day) since the truck to take them to breakfast was late the pair continuined to practice with the radar equipment.[1][3]
The men reported their findings to the temporary information center at Fort Shafter.[1] The information center staff had gone to breakfast and Lt. Kermit Tyler[4] received the report.[1] Tyler reasoned that the activity was a flight of Army B-17 Flying Fortress bombers scheduled to arrive that morning and advised the radar crew not to worry. Elliot and Lockard continued plotting the incoming planes until 7:40 when contact was lost. Shortly before 8:00 am they headed to Kawailoa for breakfast and only learned about the attack when they arrived. Elliot and Lockard rushed back to Opana and operated the radar until the attack ended.[1]
Today[]
Today, a modern Navy telecommunications station occupies the top of the Opana Hill adjacent to the site. The station is a relay for the Department of State's Diplomatic Telecommunications Service.[5] The former site is a National Historic Landmark and IEEE Milestone.[1][2][3][6] Since the 1941 radar was a mobile unit, there is no physical evidence of the historic unit at the site.[1] There is a commemorative plaque on the grounds of the Turtle Bay Resort at the foot of Opana Hill.[2]
See also[]
- List of IEEE Milestones
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Butowsky, Harry A. (March 10, 1993). "Opana Radar Site" (pdf). National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. National Park Service. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/91001379.pdf. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Milestones:Opana Radar Site, 1941". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Milestones:Opana_Radar_Site,_1941. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namednhlsum - ↑ Tyler died January 23, 2010, aged 96. See "The Times obituary Kermit Tyler". The Times. London. 2010-02-27. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article7042650.ece. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ↑ "5-FAH 2 H-510: DTS Network". U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 5 Handbook 2: Telecommunications Handbook. U.S. Department of State. June 6, 2012. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/89283.pdf. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
- ↑ "Opana Radar Site" (pdf). Photographs. National Park Service. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/91001379.pdf. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
External links[]
- Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
- IEEE History Center: Opana Radar Center
The original article can be found at Opana Radar Site and the edit history here.