m (→External links: Remove some templates. interwiki links, delink non military terms, cleanup and move Wikipedia link above categories, replaced: ==References== '''Notes''' {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{Commons|Palisades|Palisade}} *{{Wikti...) |
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{{other uses|Palisade (disambiguation)}} |
{{other uses|Palisade (disambiguation)}} |
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[[File:St Fagans Celtic village palisade.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Palisade in a Celtic village]] |
[[File:St Fagans Celtic village palisade.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Palisade in a Celtic village]] |
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− | [[File:Angel palisade wall and bastions HRoe 2008.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A section of reconstructed palisade at the [[Angel Mounds]] Site, a [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian site]] in |
+ | [[File:Angel palisade wall and bastions HRoe 2008.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A section of reconstructed palisade at the [[Angel Mounds]] Site, a [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian site]] in Evansville, Indiana]] |
− | [[File:Chromesun kincaid site 01.jpg|thumb|275px|The [[Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site|Kincaid Site]], a [[Mississippian culture]] palisaded settlement in southern |
+ | [[File:Chromesun kincaid site 01.jpg|thumb|275px|The [[Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site|Kincaid Site]], a [[Mississippian culture]] palisaded settlement in southern Illinois]] |
− | [[File:Electric-palisade-fence.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Residential electric palisade fence in |
+ | [[File:Electric-palisade-fence.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Residential electric palisade fence in Johannesburg, South Africa. The top spikes are electrified while the bottom of the palisade is grounded]] |
A '''palisade''' – sometimes called a '''stakewall''' – is typically a fence or wall made from wooden stakes or tree trunks and used as a defensive structure. |
A '''palisade''' – sometimes called a '''stakewall''' – is typically a fence or wall made from wooden stakes or tree trunks and used as a defensive structure. |
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− | == |
+ | ==Typical construction== |
Typical construction consisted of small or mid sized tree trunks aligned vertically, with no spacing in between. The trunks were sharpened or pointed at the top, and were driven into the ground and were sometimes reinforced with additional construction. The height of a palisade ranged from a few feet to nearly ten feet. As a defensive structure, palisades were often used in conjunction with [[Earthworks (engineering)|earthworks]]. |
Typical construction consisted of small or mid sized tree trunks aligned vertically, with no spacing in between. The trunks were sharpened or pointed at the top, and were driven into the ground and were sometimes reinforced with additional construction. The height of a palisade ranged from a few feet to nearly ten feet. As a defensive structure, palisades were often used in conjunction with [[Earthworks (engineering)|earthworks]]. |
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Palisades were an excellent option for small forts or other hastily constructed fortifications. Since they were wood, they could be quickly and easily built from materials readily available. They proved to be effective protection for short-term conflicts, and were an effective deterrent against small forces. However, due to their wooden construction, they were also vulnerable to fire and siege weapons. |
Palisades were an excellent option for small forts or other hastily constructed fortifications. Since they were wood, they could be quickly and easily built from materials readily available. They proved to be effective protection for short-term conflicts, and were an effective deterrent against small forces. However, due to their wooden construction, they were also vulnerable to fire and siege weapons. |
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− | Often, a palisade would be constructed around a [[castle]] as a temporary wall until a permanent stone wall could be erected. They were frequently used in |
+ | Often, a palisade would be constructed around a [[castle]] as a temporary wall until a permanent stone wall could be erected. They were frequently used in New France. |
==Ancient Greece and Rome== |
==Ancient Greece and Rome== |
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− | Both the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] and [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] created palisades to protect their military camps. The Roman historian |
+ | Both the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] and [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] created palisades to protect their military camps. The Roman historian Livy describes the Greek method as being inferior to that of the Romans during the [[Second Macedonian War]]. The Greek stakes were too large to be easily carried, and were spaced too far apart. This made it easy for enemies to uproot them and create a large enough gap in which to enter. In contrast, the Romans used smaller and easier to carry stakes which were placed closer together, making them more difficult to uproot.<ref>Livy 33.5</ref> |
− | == |
+ | ==Precolumbian North America== |
− | Many settlements of the |
+ | Many settlements of the native [[Mississippian culture]] of the Southeastern United States also made use of palisades. The most prominent example is the [[Cahokia Mounds]] site in [[Collinsville, Illinois]]. A wooden stockade with a series of watchtowers or [[bastion]]s at regular intervals formed a {{convert|2|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} enclosure around [[Monk's Mound]] and the Grand Plaza. [[Archaeologists]] found evidence of the stockade during excavation of the area and indications that it was rebuilt several times, in slightly different locations. The stockade seems to have separated Cahokia's main ceremonial precinct from other parts of the city, as well as being a defensive structure.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/northamerica/cahokia.html | title = Archaeological Sites - Cahokia| accessdate = 2008-09-16}}</ref> |
− | Other examples include the [[Angel Mounds|Angel Mounds Site]] in southern |
+ | Other examples include the [[Angel Mounds|Angel Mounds Site]] in southern Indiana, [[Aztalan State Park]] in Wisconsin, the [[Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site|Kincaid Site]] in Illinois, the [[Parkin Archeological State Park|Parkin Site]] and the [[Nodena Site]]s in southeastern Arkansas and the [[Etowah Indian Mounds|Etowah Site]] in [[Georgia, United States|Georgia]]. |
− | == |
+ | ==South Africa== |
− | In |
+ | In South Africa, a common means to prevent crime is for residential houses to have perimeter defences such as brick walls, steel palisade fences, wooden palisade fences and also electrified palisade fences. The [[City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality|City of Johannesburg]] promotes the use of palisade fencing over opaque, usually brick, walls as criminals cannot hide as easily behind the fence. In the City of Johannesburg manual on safety one can read about best practices and maintenance of palisade fencing, such as not growing vegetation in front of palisades as this allows criminals to make an unseen breach.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.joburg-archive.co.za/2008/pdfs/cptedbooklet.pdf | title = Manual on safety| accessdate = 2010-04-19}}</ref> |
==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 22:15, 17 April 2016
A palisade – sometimes called a stakewall – is typically a fence or wall made from wooden stakes or tree trunks and used as a defensive structure.
Typical construction
Typical construction consisted of small or mid sized tree trunks aligned vertically, with no spacing in between. The trunks were sharpened or pointed at the top, and were driven into the ground and were sometimes reinforced with additional construction. The height of a palisade ranged from a few feet to nearly ten feet. As a defensive structure, palisades were often used in conjunction with earthworks.
Palisades were an excellent option for small forts or other hastily constructed fortifications. Since they were wood, they could be quickly and easily built from materials readily available. They proved to be effective protection for short-term conflicts, and were an effective deterrent against small forces. However, due to their wooden construction, they were also vulnerable to fire and siege weapons.
Often, a palisade would be constructed around a castle as a temporary wall until a permanent stone wall could be erected. They were frequently used in New France.
Ancient Greece and Rome
Both the Greeks and Romans created palisades to protect their military camps. The Roman historian Livy describes the Greek method as being inferior to that of the Romans during the Second Macedonian War. The Greek stakes were too large to be easily carried, and were spaced too far apart. This made it easy for enemies to uproot them and create a large enough gap in which to enter. In contrast, the Romans used smaller and easier to carry stakes which were placed closer together, making them more difficult to uproot.[1]
Precolumbian North America
Many settlements of the native Mississippian culture of the Southeastern United States also made use of palisades. The most prominent example is the Cahokia Mounds site in Collinsville, Illinois. A wooden stockade with a series of watchtowers or bastions at regular intervals formed a 2-mile-long (3.2 km) enclosure around Monk's Mound and the Grand Plaza. Archaeologists found evidence of the stockade during excavation of the area and indications that it was rebuilt several times, in slightly different locations. The stockade seems to have separated Cahokia's main ceremonial precinct from other parts of the city, as well as being a defensive structure.[2]
Other examples include the Angel Mounds Site in southern Indiana, Aztalan State Park in Wisconsin, the Kincaid Site in Illinois, the Parkin Site and the Nodena Sites in southeastern Arkansas and the Etowah Site in Georgia.
South Africa
In South Africa, a common means to prevent crime is for residential houses to have perimeter defences such as brick walls, steel palisade fences, wooden palisade fences and also electrified palisade fences. The City of Johannesburg promotes the use of palisade fencing over opaque, usually brick, walls as criminals cannot hide as easily behind the fence. In the City of Johannesburg manual on safety one can read about best practices and maintenance of palisade fencing, such as not growing vegetation in front of palisades as this allows criminals to make an unseen breach.[3]
References
Notes
- ↑ Livy 33.5
- ↑ "Archaeological Sites - Cahokia". http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/northamerica/cahokia.html. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
- ↑ "Manual on safety". http://www.joburg-archive.co.za/2008/pdfs/cptedbooklet.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palisade. - The dictionary definition of palisade at Wiktionary
Since ancient times Since Middle Ages - Arrowslit
- Barbican
- Bartizan
- Bastion
- Bent entrance
- Bergfried
- Caltrop
- Castle
- Concentric castle
- Cheval de frise
- Citadel
- Curtain wall
- Drawbridge
- Enceinte
- Embrasure
- Fortified tower
- Gate tower
- Gabion
- Glacis
- Guard tower
- Gulyay-gorod
- Hoarding
- Keep
- Kremlin (Detinets)
- L-plan castle
- Machicolation
- Moat
- Motte-and-bailey
- Murder-hole
- Neck ditch
- Peel tower
- Portcullis
- Reduit
- Shield wall
- Toll castle
- Tower house
- Turret
- Wall tower
- Ward (Bailey)
- Watchtower
- Yett
Since early modern period Since 19th century Since 20th century By topography By role
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