Pat Quinlan (Irish Army officer)

Pat Quinlan
File:Colonel Pat Quinlan.jpg
Born	1919
Died	1997 (aged 77–78) (aged 77–78)
Place of birth	Reeneragh, Caherdaniel, County Kerry
Allegiance	Republic of Ireland
Service/branch	Ireland Army
Rank	File:IE-Army-OF5.png Colonel
Commands held	"A" Company, 35th Battalion
Battles/wars	Congo Crisis Siege of Jadotville
Spouse(s)	Carmel Quinlan

Pat Quinlan (1919–1997) was an Irish Army officer who commanded the Irish UN force that fought at the Siege of Jadotville in Katanga in 1961, and surrendered when they ran out of ammunition and other supplies. Despite the initial lack of recognition for the events leading up to the surrender, following Quinlan's death his reputation in Ireland was restored.

Early life and family

Pat Quinlan was born in 1919 in Reeneragh, Caherdaniel, County Kerry, and went to school in nearby Loher. He and his wife Carmel had a son Leo, who was 16 when his father served in the Congo, and later became a Commandant, the same rank his father held when in Katanga (although the father retired with the higher rank of Colonel).

Siege of Jadotville

Main article: Siege of Jadotville

The Siege of Jadotville took place in September 1961, during the United Nations intervention in the Katanga conflict in Congo-Léopoldville, in Central Africa.

"A" Company, 35th Battalion (UN service) of the Irish Army ONUC contingent, commanded by Quinlan, was attacked by Katanga Gendarmerie troops loyal to the State of Katanga. Quinlan's lightly armed company was besieged in Jadotville (modern Likasi), and resisted Katangese assaults for six days. A relief force of Irish and Swedish troops was unsuccessful in their attempts to reach Quinlan's position.

Quinlan's company suffered five wounded in action during the six day siege. On the other hand, up to 300 Katangese troops were killed, including 30 mercenaries, and an indeterminate number were wounded, with figures ranging from 300 to 1,000. Quinlan, however, had no access to resupply and reinforcements and, with his transport destroyed by Katanga's Fouga Magister jet, a breakout was virtually impossible. In the end, with his position untenable, without any clear orders or promise of assistance, having run out of ammunition and food and low on water, Quinlan accepted a second offer to surrender to the Katangese.

Although suffering no loss of life, Quinlan's company were held as prisoners of war and hostages for approximately one month. The Katangese bartered the Irish soldiers for prisoners in the custody of the Congolese government. After being released, "A" Company were returned to their base in Elizabethville. Some weeks later, Quinlan found himself involved in active combat again, this time with his company in support of Swedish UN troops. Eventually they were reinforced with fresh troops from Ireland. After weeks of fighting and their six-month tour of duty now complete, "A" Company was rotated home to Ireland that December.

Recognition sought

In its immediate aftermath, the Irish state did not give much recognition to the battle of Jadotville, and no Irish soldier received any decoration for actions at Jadotville. This may have been because of a perceived shame that "A" Company had surrendered, or that the surrender highlighted political or strategic errors at higher levels. Quinlan however recommended a number of his men for the Military Medal for Gallantry (MMG), Ireland's highest award for military valour, for their actions during the battle.

Quinlan never served overseas again, and retired as a full colonel after 40 years with the Irish Army. He died in 1997.

The veterans of Jadotville were dissatisfied with the Defence Forces' refusal to acknowledge the battle and the implied black mark on the reputation of their commander. Following a long campaign for recognition, in 2004 the then Minister for Defence, Willie O'Dea, agreed to hold a review of the battle. An inquiry by the Defence Forces cleared Quinlan and "A" Company of allegations of soldierly misconduct. A commemorative stone recognising the soldiers of "A" Company was erected on the grounds of Custume Barracks in Athlone in 2005. A commissioned portrait of Quinlan was installed in the Congo Room of the Irish Defence Forces' UN School.

In 2016, the Irish government awarded a Presidential Unit Citation to "A" Company, the first in the State's history. And, in October 2017 a plaque commemorating Quinlan, who was from County Kerry, was unveiled by former Taoiseach Enda Kenny at Coomakista Pass, County Kerry.

Quinlan's tactics at Jadotville influenced subsequent training programmes, and were, according to RTÉ, "cited in military textbooks worldwide as the best example of the use of the so-called perimeter defence".

Death

Commandant (later Colonel) Quinlan died in 1997, unaware that his reputation would be restored nine years after his death. His wife Carmel did not live to see his official rehabilitation either, dying two years after he did.

In popular culture

Quinlan is played by Jamie Dornan in the film The Siege of Jadotville (2016), which was adapted from Declan Power's book, The Siege at Jadotville: The Irish Army's Forgotten Battle (2005). His wife Carmel is played by Fiona Glascott. Quinlan's son Leo said that Dornan bore an uncanny resemblance to his father, and got everything about him right except his Kerry accent, which was so strong that "if he had done my father's accent, you'd need subtitles." Quinlan's grandson Conor was a member of the film's ensemble cast.

Further reading

• Doyle, Rose & Quinlan, Leo (With) (2006). Heroes of Jadotville (The Soldiers' Story). Dublin: New Island. ISBN 1-905494-31-9. 
• Dunleavy, Pat & O'Donoghue, David (Editor) (2005). "Fighting For Our Lives With 'Jadotville Jack'". The Irish Army in the Congo 1960–1964: The Far Battalions. Irish Academic Press. pp. 105–112. ISBN 0 7165 3319 7. 
• Foghlú, Sean Ó. No White Feather. Book Republic. ISBN 978-1-907221-06-4. 
• Froberg, Lars & O'Donoghue, David (Editor) (2005). "Remembering Jadotville". The Irish Army in the Congo 1960–1964: The Far Battalions. Irish Academic Press. pp. 113–126. ISBN 0 7165 3319 7. 
• Greene, John. Red Legs: One Irish Boy's African Adventure. ISBN 9781904244837. 
• Erik Kennes, Miles Larmer, The Katangese Gendarmes and War in Central Africa: Fighting Their Way Home, Indiana University Press, 2016
• O'Donoghue, David (2006). "Army's Congo Mission Casts a Long Shadow". JSTOR 30002097. 
• Power, Declan (2005). The Siege at Jadotville: The Irish Army's Forgotten Battle. Dublin: Maverick House Publishers. ISBN 0-9548707-1-9. 
• Whelan, Michael (2006). The Battle of Jadotville; Irish Soldiers in Combat in the Congo, 1961. South Dublin Libraries. ISBN 0954766067.