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Richard Winters
Richard Winters
Winters in 1942
Nickname Dick
Born (1918-01-21)January 21, 1918
Died January 2, 2011(2011-01-02) (aged 92)
Place of birth New Holland, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Place of death Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Place of burial Bergstrasse Cemetery
Ephrata, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Allegiance United States
Service/branch U.S. Army
Years of service 1941 – 1946
1951 – 1952
Rank US-O4 insignia Major
Unit Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division
Battles/wars

World War II

Awards Distinguished Service Cross
Bronze Star Medal (2)
Purple Heart
Relations Richard (father)
Edith (mother)
Ethel (wife)
Tim (son)
Jill (daughter)
Other work Businessman, guest lecturer

Richard D. "Dick" Winters (January 21, 1918 – January 2, 2011)[1] was a United States Army officer and decorated war veteran. He commanded Company "E", 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, during World War II.

Winters parachuted into Normandy in the early hours of D-Day, and fought across France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and eventually Germany. Later in the war, Winters rose to command the 2nd Battalion. Following the German surrender, he left the 506th and was then stationed in France where senior officers were needed to oversee the return home. In 1951, during the Korean War, Winters was recalled to the U.S. Army from the inactive list and briefly served as a regimental planning and training officer on staff at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Winters was issued orders for deployment and was preparing to depart for Korea, but instead left the Army under a provision that allowed officers who had served in World War II but had been inactive since to resign their commission.

Winters was discharged from the U.S. Army and returned to civilian life, working first in New Jersey and later in Pennsylvania, where he set up his own company selling chocolate byproducts from The Hershey Company to producers of animal feed.

Winters was featured in a number of books and was portrayed in the 2001 HBO mini-series Band of Brothers by Damian Lewis. He was a regular guest lecturer at the United States Military Academy at West Point until his retirement in 1997. He was the last surviving Easy Company commander.

Biography[]

Early life and education[]

Richard Winters was born in Ephrata, Pennsylvania to Richard and Edith Winters on January 21, 1918.[2] He moved to nearby Lancaster when he was eight years old.[3] He graduated from Lancaster Boys High School in 1937 and matriculated to Franklin and Marshall College.[2][4]

At Franklin and Marshall, Winters was a member of the Delta Sigma Phi Fraternity and participated in intramural football and basketball as a member of Upsilon Chapter. He had to give up wrestling, his favorite sport, and most of his social activities for his studies and the part-time jobs that paid his way through college. He graduated in 1941 with the highest academic standing in the business college. The war had broken out in Europe, and he enlisted in the Army.[5]

Military service[]

World War II[]

Winters enlisted in the army on August 25, 1941, in order to shorten his time in service.[4] In September he underwent basic training at Camp Croft, South Carolina.[6] Afterwards he remained at Camp Croft to help train draftees and other volunteers, while the rest of his battalion was deployed to Panama. In April 1942 he was selected to attend Officer Candidate School at Fort Benning, Georgia.[7] It was there he met his friend Lewis Nixon, with whom he served throughout the war in the 101st Airborne Division.[8] He was commissioned as a second lieutenant after graduation from OCS on July 2, 1942.[8]

During the course of his officer training, Winters reached the decision that he wanted to join the parachute infantry.[9] Upon completing training he returned to Camp Croft to train another draft as there were no positions available in the paratroopers at that time. After five weeks he received orders to join the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment at Camp Toccoa (formerly Camp Toombs) in Georgia.[10]

He arrived at Toccoa in mid-August 1942 and was assigned to Company E, 2nd Battalion, 506th PIR, serving under First Lieutenant (later Captain) Herbert Sobel.[11] Company E was also known as "Easy Company" per the contemporaneous Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet. Initially he served as a platoon leader in charge of 2nd Platoon, but later, in October 1942, he was promoted to first lieutenant[12][13] and became the acting company executive officer,[2] although this was not made official until May 1943.[13] The 506th PIR was an experimental unit, being the first regiment to undertake airborne training as a formed unit.[14] As many of the men had very little previous military experience the training at Toccoa was necessarily very tough and as a consequence there was a high level of personnel wastage. Indeed, of the 500 officers who had volunteered, only 148 successfully completed the course. The enlisted men had it equally tough, with only 1,800 men being selected out of 5,300 volunteers.[14][15]

On June 10, 1943, the 506th PIR was officially attached to the 101st Airborne Division.[16] Later in the year they embarked on the Samaria bound for England, arriving there on September 15, 1943, and disembarking in Liverpool.[17] They then proceeded to Aldbourne, in Wiltshire where they began an intense training program designed to make the regiment ready for the invasion of Europe that was planned for 1944.[18]

It was while Easy Company was based at Aldbourne that the tension and competition that had been brewing between Winters and Sobel came to a head in November–December 1943.[19] Winters had privately held concerns over Sobel's ability to lead the company in combat for some time before this. Many of the enlisted men in the company had come to respect Winters for his competence and had also developed their own concerns about Sobel's leadership.[20] Winters stated that he never wanted to compete with Sobel for command of Easy Company. However, the situation became out of hand when Sobel attempted to bring Winters up on charges for failure to carry out a lawful order.[21] Feeling that his punishment was unjust, Winters requested that the charge be tried by court martial. When Winters' punishment was set aside by the battalion commander, Sobel proceeded to charge Winters with another, separate charge the following day. While the investigation was being undertaken, Winters was transferred to the headquarters company and appointed as the battalion mess officer.[22]

Following this, though Winters tried to talk them out of it, a number of the company's noncommissioned officers (NCOs) gave the regimental commander, Colonel Robert Sink, an ultimatum: either Sobel be replaced, or they would hand back their stripes.[23] Sink was not impressed and several of the NCOs were subsequently demoted and transferred out of the company. Nevertheless, he realized that something had to be done and decided Sobel had to be replaced.[24] Sobel was transferred and given command of a newly formed parachute training school.[25] Winters' court martial was set aside and he returned to Easy Company as platoon leader of 1st Platoon. Despite their personality clash, Winters later stated he felt that at least part of Easy Company's success had been due to Sobel's strenuous training and high expectations.[26] In February 1944, First Lieutenant Thomas Meehan III was given command of Easy Company.[25]

Meehan remained in command of the company until the Normandy invasion, when at approximately 1:15 a.m. on June 6, 1944, the C-47 Skytrain transporting the company headquarters section was shot down by German anti-aircraft fire, killing everyone on board.[27] Winters jumped that night and landed safely near Sainte-Mère-Église.[28] After having lost his weapon during the drop, he was able to orient himself, collect several paratroopers, including members of the 82nd Airborne, and proceed toward the unit's assigned objective near Sainte-Marie-du-Mont.[29] With Lieutenant Meehan's fate unknown, Winters became the acting commanding officer of Easy Company for the duration of the Normandy campaign.[30]

Later that day, Winters led an attack that destroyed a battery of German 105 mm howitzers which were firing onto the causeways that served as the principal exits from Utah Beach.[31] The Americans estimated that the guns were defended by approximately one platoon of 50 German troops, while Winters had 13 men.[31] This action south of the village of Le Grand-Chemin has been called the Brécourt Manor Assault. Aspects of the attack have been taught at the military academy at West Point as an example of an assault on a fixed position.[32] In addition to destroying the battery, Winters also obtained a map detailing German gun emplacements in the Utah Beach area.[33]

On July 1, 1944, Winters was told that he had been promoted to captain.[34] The next day he was presented with the Distinguished Service Cross by General Omar N. Bradley, who was then the commanding officer of the First Army.[34] Shortly after the 506th was withdrawn from France and returned to Aldbourne in England for reorganization.[34]

In September 1944, the 506th PIR took part in Operation Market Garden, an airborne operation in the Netherlands. On October 5, 1944, a German force launched an attack on the 2nd Battalion's flank, and threatened to break through the American lines. At the same time, four men in an Easy Company patrol were wounded.[35] Returning to the headquarters, they reported that they had encountered a large group of Germans at a crossroads about 1,300 yards (1,200 m) to the east of the company command post.[36] Realizing the seriousness of the situation, Winters took one squad from 1st Platoon, and moved off toward the crossroads, where they observed a German machine gun firing to the south, toward the battalion headquarters.[36] After surveying the position, Winters then led the squad in an assault on the gun crew.[37] Soon after taking the position, the squad took fire from a German position opposite them. Estimating that this position was held by at least a platoon, Winters called for reinforcements from the rest of the 1st Platoon, and led them in an assault. Later it was discovered there were at least 300 Germans.[38]

On October 9, Winters became the battalion executive officer, following the death of the battalions' former XO, Major Oliver Horton.[39] Although this position was normally held by a major, Winters filled it while still a captain.

On December 16, 1944, German forces launched a counter-offensive against the Western Allies in Belgium. After that the 101st Airborne was moved by truck to the Bastogne area on December 18. Still serving as executive officer of the 2nd Battalion, Winters took part in the defense of the line northeast of Bastogne near the town of Foy during what became known as the Battle of the Bulge.[40] The entire 101st Airborne and elements of the 10th Armored Division battled about 15 German divisions, supported by heavy artillery and armor, for nearly a week before the U.S. Third Army broke through the German lines surrounding Bastogne.[40]

After being relieved, the 2nd Battalion carried out an attack on Foy on January 9, 1945.[41] On March 8, 1945, following the 2nd Battalion's move to Haguenau, Winters was promoted to major[42] and shortly afterward he was made acting battalion commander of 2nd Battalion, when Lieutenant Colonel Strayer was elevated to the regimental staff.[43][44] Second Battalion saw little combat after this.[44]

In April the battalion carried out defensive duties along the Rhine, before deploying to Bavaria later in the month.[45] In early May the 101st Airborne Division received orders to capture Berchtesgaden.[46] The 2nd Battalion set out from Thalham, Germany, through streams of surrendering German soldiers, and led the way to the alpine retreat, reaching the town at noon on May 5, 1945.[47] They were still there when the war in Europe ended three days later on May 8, 1945.[48]

After the end of hostilities Winters remained in Europe as the process of occupation and demobilization began. Even though he had enough points to return to the United States, he was told that he was needed in Germany.[49] Later, he was offered a Regular commission, but declined it.[50] He finally embarked from Marseilles aboard the Wooster Victory on November 4, 1945.[51] He was separated from the Army on November 29, 1945,[51] although he was not officially discharged until January 22, 1946, and he remained on terminal leave until then.[52]

Winters was recommended for the Medal of Honor for his leadership at Brécourt Manor, but due to the quota system which limited the distribution of the award to only one per division, and since one Medal of Honor had already been awarded—to Lieutenant Colonel Robert G. Cole—the recommendation was downgraded to the Distinguished Service Cross, the U.S. Army's second highest award for combat valor.[53] After the release of the Band of Brothers television miniseries, a letter-writing campaign to have Winters awarded the Medal of Honor began, but so far without success.[32] Currently, Rep. Tim Holden (D-PA) introduced HR 3121 (111th) "To authorize and request the President to award the Medal of Honor to Richard D. Winters, of Hershey, Pennsylvania, for acts of valor on June 6, 1944, in Normandy, France, while an officer in the 101st Airborne Division." The bill has been referred to the House Armed Services Committee and the House Armed Services Committee, Subcommittee on Military Personnel.

Korean War[]

Dick Winters army

Winters in 2004

Following the end of the war in the European theater, Winters worked for his close wartime friend Captain Lewis Nixon at Nixon's family business, Nixon Nitration Works of Edison, New Jersey, rising to become general manager in 1950.[54] On May 16, 1948, he married Ethel Estoppey[2][55] and continued to pursue his education through the GI Bill, attending a number of business and personnel management courses at Rutgers University.[55]

In June 1951 he was recalled to active duty in the Army during the Korean War.[55] He was ordered to join the 11th Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, but he was given six months to report and in this time he traveled to Washington, D.C. to speak to General Tony McAuliffe, in the hope that he could convince the Army not to send him to Korea.[55] He explained to McAuliffe that he had seen enough of war and apparently McAuliffe understood his position, but explained that he was needed because of his command experience. Winters then reported to Fort Dix, New Jersey, where he was assigned as a regimental planning and training officer.[56]

While at Fort Dix, Winters became disillusioned with his job, finding that he had little enthusiasm for training officers who lacked discipline and did not attend their scheduled classes. As a result, he volunteered to attend Ranger School.[56] He then received orders to deploy to Korea and travelled to Seattle, where during pre-deployment administration he was offered the chance to resign if he wanted to.[56]

Later years[]

He was discharged from the Army and became a production supervisor at a plastics adhesive business in New Brunswick, New Jersey.[56] In 1951, he and his wife Ethel bought a small farm where later the Winters built their farmhouse and together they raised two children. In 1972, he went into business for himself, starting his own company and selling animal feed products to farmers throughout Pennsylvania.[56] Soon afterward, he moved his family to Hershey, Pennsylvania.[2] He finally retired in 1997.[57]

During the 1990s, Winters was featured in a number of books and television series about his experiences and those of the men in Easy Company. In 1992, Stephen Ambrose wrote the book Band of Brothers: Easy Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest, which was subsequently turned into an HBO mini-series Band of Brothers.[2][58] Winters was also the subject of the 2005 book Biggest Brother: The Life of Major Dick Winters, The Man Who Led the Band of Brothers, written by Larry Alexander. His own memoir, Beyond Band of Brothers: The War Memoirs of Major Dick Winters, co-written by military historian and retired U.S. Army Colonel Cole C. Kingseed, was published in early 2006.[2][59] He also gave a number of lectures on leadership to cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point.[58]

On May 16, 2009, Franklin and Marshall College conferred an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters upon Winters.[60]

Despite the many accolades he had received, Winters remained humble about his service.[61] During the interview segment of the miniseries Band of Brothers, Winters quoted a passage from a letter he received from Sergeant Mike Ranney, "I cherish the memories of a question my grandson asked me the other day when he said, 'Grandpa, were you a hero in the war?' Grandpa said 'No... but I served in a company of heroes.'"

Death[]

Winters, a resident of Hershey, Pennsylvania, died on January 2, 2011, at an assisted living facility in nearby Campbelltown, Pennsylvania.[1] He had suffered from Parkinson's disease for several years.[62] Winters had requested a private, unannounced funeral service, which was held on January 8, 2011.[63]

Winters was buried in the Bergstrasse Evangelical Lutheran Church cemetery in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, in a private ceremony.[64] He is buried next to his parents in the Winters' family plot. His grave is marked "Richard D. Winters World War II 101st Airborne".

On June 6, 2012, the 68th Anniversary of the D-Day landing, a 12-foot tall bronze statue in Winters' likeness was unveiled near the village of Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, France.[65] Winters only agreed for the statue to bear his resemblance on the agreement the monument would be dedicated to all junior officers who served and died during the Normandy landings.[66]

Medals and decorations[]

Combat Infantry Badge Combat Infantryman Badge
Cp2j Parachutist Badge with 2 combat stars
File:Ereteken.jpg Medal of the City of Eindhoven
Distinguished Service Cross ribbon Distinguished Service Cross
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze Star ribbon
Bronze Star with one Oak Leaf Cluster
Purple Heart BAR Purple Heart
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Presidential Unit Citation ribbon
Presidential Unit Citation with one Oak Leaf Cluster
American Defense Service ribbon American Defense Service Medal
National Defense Service Medal ribbon National Defense Service Medal
Arrowhead
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with 3 service stars and arrow device
World War II Victory Medal ribbon World War II Victory Medal
Army of Occupation ribbon Army of Occupation Medal
Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with palm Croix de guerre with palm
French Liberation Medal ribbon French Liberation Medal
Oorlogskruis with Palm War Cross (Belgium) with palm
BEL Commemorative Medal of the War 1940-1945 Belgian World War II Service Medal

See also[]

References[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 T. Rees Shapiro (January 9, 2011). "Post Mortem - Dick Winters dies; WWII hero commanded 'Band of Brothers'". Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postmortem/2011/01/dick-winters-dies-wwii-hero-co.html. Retrieved January 10, 2011. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Boland, Timothy (2007). "Richard Winters". The Pennsylvania Center for the Book. http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Winters__Richard.html. Retrieved June 2, 2009. 
  3. Winters, p.4.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Winters, p.6.
  5. "Richard D. Winters (1918–2011)". Delta Sigma Phi. January 28, 2011. http://newsmanager.commpartners.com/dspbasic/issues/2011-01-28/index.html. Retrieved November 10, 2012. 
  6. Winters, p.7.
  7. Winters, pp.8–10.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Winters, p.13.
  9. Winters, p.12.
  10. Winters, p.14.
  11. Winters, pp.16–17.
  12. Ambrose, p.25.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Winters, p. 39.
  14. 14.0 14.1 Ambrose, p.18.
  15. Winters, p. 18.
  16. Ambrose, p.39.
  17. Ambrose, p.44.
  18. Ambrose, p.45.
  19. Ambrose, pp. 47–52.
  20. Ambrose, p.48.
  21. Ambrose, p.51.
  22. Ambrose, p.52.
  23. Ambrose, p.53.
  24. Ambrose, p.54.
  25. 25.0 25.1 Winters, p.57.
  26. Winters, p.287.
  27. Winters, pp.78–79.
  28. Winters, p.80.
  29. Ambrose, p.76.
  30. Ambrose, p.92.
  31. 31.0 31.1 Ambrose, pp.78–84.
  32. 32.0 32.1 "Major Dick Winters: Remembering and Honoring WWII Veterans". http://www.majordickwinters.com/. Retrieved June 2, 2009. 
  33. Winters, p.88.
  34. 34.0 34.1 34.2 Winters, p.112.
  35. Winters, pp.136–137.
  36. 36.0 36.1 Winters, p.137.
  37. Winters, p.138.
  38. Winters, p.145.
  39. Winters, p.147.
  40. 40.0 40.1 Ambrose, pp.179–212.
  41. Ambrose, p.205.
  42. Winters, p.200.
  43. Ambrose, p.221.
  44. 44.0 44.1 Winters, p.202.
  45. Winters, pp.209–213.
  46. Winters, p.216.
  47. Winters, p. 217.
  48. Winters, p.224.
  49. Winters, p.243.
  50. Ambrose, p. 283.
  51. 51.0 51.1 Winters, p.254.
  52. Winters, p.255.
  53. Ambrose, p.85.
  54. Ambrose, p.306.
  55. 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 Winters, p.256.
  56. 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 Winters, p.257.
  57. Winters, p.258.
  58. 58.0 58.1 Kingseed, Cole. "Captains Courageous". http://www.majordickwinters.com/courageous.html. Retrieved June 3, 2009. 
  59. See References section for full bibliographic details.
  60. "Honorary Degree Recipients". Franklin & Marshall College. http://www.fandm.edu/honorees#x22164. Retrieved June 2, 2009. 
  61. Winters, p.289.
  62. Jon Hurdle (January 10, 2011). "Band of Brothers leader Richard Winters dies". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE70957U20110110. Retrieved 10 January 2011. 
  63. "Susquehanna Valley Native Major Dick Winters Dies". WGAL. January 9, 2011. http://www.wgal.com/r/26420961/detail.html. Retrieved January 10, 2011. 
  64. Brenckle, Lara (January 12, 2011). "Memorial service for Dick Winters, 'Band of Brothers' inspiration, will be held at Hershey Theatre". Harrisburg Patriot News. http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/01/memorial_service_for_dick_wint.html. Retrieved February 20, 2011. 
  65. Strassmann, Mark (June 6, 2012). "D-Day: Statue of 'Band of Brothers' hero Richard Winters unveiled". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505263_162-57448042/d-day-statue-of-band-of-brothers-hero-richard-winters-unveiled/. Retrieved June 6, 2012. 
  66. "Statue honors D-Day's junior U.S. officers". San Francisco Chronicle. June 7, 2012. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/06/06/MNEU1OTVEI.DTL. 

Bibliography[]

  • Ambrose, Stephen E. (1992). Band of Brothers: Easy Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-6411-6. 
  • Ambrose, Stephen E. (1994). D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-4974-8. 
  • Winters, Major Dick, with Cole C. Kingseed (2006). Beyond Band of Brothers: The War Memoirs of Major Dick Winters. Berkley Hardcover. ISBN 978-0-425-20813-7. 
  • Alexander, Larry (2005). Biggest Brother: The Life of Major Dick Winters, The Man Who Led the Band of Brothers. NAL Hardcover. ISBN 978-0-451-21510-9. 

External links[]

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Richard Winters and the edit history here.
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