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Robert Kaske

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Robert Earl Kaske
Born Robert Earl Kaske
(1921-06-01)June 1, 1921
Cincinnati, Ohio
Died August 8, 1989(1989-08-08) (aged 68)
Ithaca, New York
Nationality American
Alma mater Xavier University
UNC Chapel Hill
Notable work(s) Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to Interpretation
Title Professor
Spouse(s) Mildred Reinerman (m. 1944)
Carol Vonckx (m. 1958)
Parents Herman C. & Ann Rose Kaske
Relatives David L.; Richard (sons)
Signature File:File:Robert Kaske signature.svg

Robert Earl Kaske (1 June 1921 – 8 August 1989) was an American professor of medieval literature. Kaske studied liberal arts at Xavier University and was called to service for the Reserve Officers' Training Corps during his undergraduate study. He obtained a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1950. He continued in academia, teaching English, where he became an assistant professor and then an associate professor, also earning a Guggenheim Fellowship.

In 1964, Kaske began working at Cornell University. He founded a medieval studies graduate program and earned another Guggenheim Fellowship in 1977. Throughout his career, he published over 60 articles. Kaske was known for rejecting the "New Criticism" school of thought, arguing that medieval poetry should be read in context. Kaske married twice and had two children. He died of a brain tumor in 1989.

Early life and education[]

Robert Kaske—who went by Bob—was born on 1 June 1921 in Cincinnati, Ohio.[1] His parents were Herman C. Kaske, a postal clerk with the United States Postal Service,[2] and Ann Rose Kaske (née Laake).[3] Robert Kaske attended the boys prep school Elder High School, graduating from the modern English course in 1938.[4]

In 1938 Kaske also matriculated at Xavier University,[5] studying liberal arts.[6] In his junior year he was inducted into Alpha Sigma Nu,[7] and played Peter Dolan in a school production of Father Malachy's Miracle.[8][9][10] At the end of the year he was chosen "Host" of Mermaid Tavern, a student literary club.[6][11] He fulfilled that role as a senior,[12][13][14] and was also named editor in chief of The Athenaeum, an undergraduate literary paper,[15][note 1] while cofounding a society for students interested in philosophical research.[17][18] That year Kaske also placed seventh in an intercollegiate writing contest,[19] and appeared in another play, Whispering in the Dark.[20][21] Kaske graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts on 3 June 1942.[1][22]

Kaske had joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps in his first semester at Xavier,[5] and even before his graduation was ordered to active service.[23] He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the army's field artillery on 25 May 1942,[24] and ordered to report to Fort Thomas for a physical examination and assignment,[23] with a furlough to account for his June commencement.[25] Speaking to Kaske and 24 others, the commencement speaker, Archbishop John T. McNicholas, stated "[m]ay I assure the Second Lieutenants of this graduating class that the Archdiocese of Cincinnati is proud of them. It is happy to know that Xavier University is not only teaching theoretical patriotism, but that it is actually serving our country in the greatest crisis in its history."[26] Kaske served in the Pacific as a platoon leader and company commander,[1] including on Black Sand Beach in Hawaii.[27]

After the army Kaske resumed studies, this time at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC).[1] As at Xavier, Kaske wrote for a student paper, Factotum.[28][29] He received his Masters from UNC,[30] and in 1950, his Ph.D.[1]

Career[]

Kaske's hiring as an English instructor at Washington University in St. Louis was announced in April 1950, before his June dissertation defense.[31] His work there included studies of Dante Alighieri,[32] and in 1952 he was promoted to assistant professor.[33] Kaske subsequently taught at Pennsylvania State University.[34] He was later hired at UNC, where he began his associate professorship on 1 September 1958.[35] Two years later, he was awarded a grant by the American Council of Learned Societies to work on a book, provisionally titled The Heroic Ideal in Old English Poetry.[36] In 1961 Kaske was also awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to study heroism and the hero in Old English poetry,[37][38] and also served as secretary of the Modern Language Association's Middle English group.[36][note 2] From 1962 to 1963, he worked at the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.[34]

In 1964 Kaske joined Cornell University, where he remained for the rest of his life. At Cornell he founded a medieval studies graduate program, which his colleagues later said "soon came to be recognized as the foremost program of its kind in North America."[1] In 1968—a year in which he was first listed in Who's Who in America[41]—he was awarded another grant by the American Council of Learned Societies, this time to travel to England and search for the sources of imagery in poems by the unknown Gawain Poet.[30] Another grant by the organization followed in 1971, for further research into the heroic ideal in Old English poetry,[42] and that year Kaske also participated in a symposium on Geoffrey Chaucer held at the University of Georgia.[43][44] During 1972–73 he was a Faculty Fellow of the university's Society for the Humanities,[45][46] and in 1974 he was named the Avalon Foundation Professor in the Humanities, succeeding Herbert Dieckmann [de].[47] Three years later, he again won a Guggenheim Fellowship, to undertake research on the sourced and methodology for the interpretation of medieval imagery.[48]

Kaske published more than 60 articles throughout his career.[49] One of his primary contributions was to reject the "New Criticism" school of thought that argued that medieval poetry should be read in a contextual vacuum, culminating in a 1988 book, Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to Interpretation.[1][50] As his colleagues wrote a year later, "while this has achieved its due acknowledgment as an indispensable tool for medievalists, no mere book can recreate the rich life its contents enjoyed in the animated version purveyed by Bob himself over three decades."[1]

Personal life[]

In January 1944 Kaske, then 22 and home on leave, married Mildred Mae Reinerman,[51] a 21-year-old bookkeeper.[52] The two had a son, David L.[53] Kaske married again in 1958, to Carol Vonckx, an English scholar who herself became a professor at Cornell.[34][54][55] They also had a son, Richard; at the time of his death, Kaske also had three grandchildren.[34] He died of a brain tumor on 8 August 1989, at his Ithaca home on North Quarry Street.[1][34][56][57] A funeral was held on the 26th, at Ithaca's Immaculate Conception Church,[58] and a memorial service on 21 October at Sage Chapel, with contributions suggested to the university library's Dante-Petrarch or Icelandic collections.[59][60]

Publications[]

Articles[]

  • Kaske, Robert E. (July 1951). "The Use of Simple Figures of Speech in Piers Plowman B: A Study in the Figurative Expression of Ideas and Opinions". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 571–600. JSTOR 4172984.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (April 1957). "Gigas the Giant in Piers Plowman". The University of Illinois. pp. 177–185. JSTOR 27706901.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (November 1957). "Langland and the Paradisus Claustralis". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 481–483. JSTOR 3043508.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (December 1957). "The Knight's Interruption of the Monk's Tale". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 249–268. JSTOR 2871956.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (July 1958). "Sapientia et Fortitudo as the Controlling Theme of Beowulf". pp. 423–456. JSTOR 4173241.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (June 1959). "The Summoner's Garleek, Oynons, and Eek Lekes". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 481–484. JSTOR 3040589.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1959). "Two Cruxes in 'Pearl': 596 and 609-10". Fordham University Press. pp. 418–428. JSTOR 27830395.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (September 1959). "An Aube in the Reeve's Tale". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 295–310. JSTOR 2871790.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (October 1959). "Langland's Walnut-Simile". The University of Illinois. pp. 650–654. JSTOR 27707361.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (December 1959). "The Sigemund-Heremod and Hama-Hygelac Passages in Beowulf". Modern Language Association. pp. 489–494. JSTOR 460497.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1960). "January's "Aube"". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–4. JSTOR 3040559.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (June 1960). "Weohstan's Sword". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 465–468. JSTOR 3040330.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1960). "Eve's 'Leaps' in the Ancrene Riwle". The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. pp. 22–24. JSTOR 43626839.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1961). "Dante's 'DXV' and 'Veltro'". Fordham University Press. pp. 185–254. JSTOR 27830427.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (July 1962). "The Canticum Canticorum in the Miller's Tale". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 479–500. JSTOR 4173387.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1963). ""Ex VI Transicionis" and its Passage in Piers Plowman". The University of Illinois. pp. 32–60. JSTOR 27714179.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1964). "The Reading Genyre in The Husband's Message Line 49". The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. pp. 204–206. JSTOR 43627117.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1967). "A Poem of the Cross in the Exeter Book: 'Riddle 60' and 'The Husband's Message'". Fordham University Press. pp. 41–71. JSTOR 27830826.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (October 1967). "The Silver Spoons of Sutton Hoo". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 670–672. JSTOR 2851097.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1968). "Piers Plowman and Local Iconography". pp. 159–169. JSTOR 750639.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1968). "Some Newly Discovered Wall-Paintings at Madley, Herefordshire". Fordham University Press. pp. 464–471. JSTOR 27830859.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1971). ""Sì si conserva il seme d'ogne giusto": (Purg. XXXII, 48)". The Dante Society of America. pp. 49–54. JSTOR 40166090.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (July 1971). "Beowulf and the Book of Enoch". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 421–431. JSTOR 2851906.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1972). "Horn and Ivory in the Summoner's Tale". Modern Language Society of Helsinki. pp. 122–126. JSTOR 43345340.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1975). "A Dagger in Relief on Stonehenge?". Fordham University Press. pp. 315–316. JSTOR 27830990.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E.; Springer, Otto; Andersson, Theodore M. (July 1985). "Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Einar Ólafur Sveinsson". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 776–777. JSTOR 2848227.  Closed access
  • Howard, Donald R.; Kaske, Robert E.; Ferrante, Joan M. (July 1986). "Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Charles Southward Singleton". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 765–767. JSTOR 2851651.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (Fall 1986). "Pandarus's "Vertue of Corones Tweyne"". The Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 226–233. JSTOR 25093997.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1988). "Piers Plowman and Local Iconography: The Font at Eardisley, Herefordshire". pp. 184–186. JSTOR 751272.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1989–1990). "Amnon and Thamar on a Misericord in Hereford Cathedral". Fordham University Press. pp. 1–6. JSTOR 27831237.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1990). "Godfrey's Vengeance for God on Good Friday: Alliterative Morte Arthure, 3430–1". The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. pp. 128–133. JSTOR 43629289.  Closed access

Chapters[]

  • Kaske, Robert E. (1965). "The Character "Figura" in Le Mystère d’Adam". In Mahoney, John & Keller, John Esten. Medieval Studies in Honor of Urban Tigner Holmes, Jr.. North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures. 56. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 103–110. JSTOR 10.5149/9781469639130_mahoney.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (1968). "Beowulf". In Lumiansky, R. M. & Baker, Herschel. Critical Approaches to Six Major English Works: From Beowulf Through Paradise Lost. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 3–40. JSTOR j.ctv512qvn.  Closed access

Reviews[]

  • Kaske, Robert E. (December 1959). "Review: "Piers Plowman" and the Scheme of Salvation: An Interpretation of "Dowel, Dobet, and Dobest", by Robert Worth Frank, Jr.". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 730–733. JSTOR 3040398.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1963). "Review: Piers Plowman as a Fourteenth-Century Apocalypse, by Morton W. Bloomfield". The University of Illinois. pp. 202–208. JSTOR 27714209.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1963). "Review: Piers the Plowman: Literary Relations of the A and B Texts, by David C. Fowler". The University of Illinois. pp. 208–213. JSTOR 27714210.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (June 1963). "Chaucer and Medieval Allegory". Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 175–192. JSTOR 2872089.  Closed access
    • A "review article," reviewing A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspectives, by D. W. Robertson, Jr.
  • Kaske, Robert E. (July 1966). "Review: Piers Plowman: The Evidence for Authorship, by George Kane". The University of Illinois. pp. 583–586. JSTOR 27714923.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (October 1966). "Review: Superbia: Studien zum altenglischen Wortschatz, by Hans Schabram". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 762–764. JSTOR 2852344.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1967). "Review: Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval Books and Their Posterity, by Rosemond Tuve". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 196–199. JSTOR 2856132.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1970). "Review: A Reading of Beowulf, by Edward B. Irving, Jr.". The University of Illinois. pp. 159–161. JSTOR 27705832.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (January 1971). "Review: Theology and Poetry in the Middle English Lyric: A Study of Sacred History and Aesthetic Form, by Sarah Appleton Weber". The Mediaeval Academy of America. pp. 188–190. JSTOR 2855128.  Closed access
  • Kaske, Robert E. (November 1974). "Review: The Interpretation of Old English Poems, by Stanley B. Greenfield". University of Chicago Press. pp. 190–194. JSTOR 436745.  Closed access

Notes[]

  1. ↑ Kaske wrote for this paper even after his graduation, including a winter 1946–47 submission.[16]
  2. ↑ Kaske returned to UNC at least once later on in his career, lecturing on "The Marriage Group" in Chaucer on 7 March 1969,[39] and giving a medieval poetry reading three days later.[40]

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Colby-Hall, Hill & Wetherbee 1989.
  2. ↑ "Herman C. Kaske". Ithaca, New York. 5 April 1974. p. 5. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28867384.  free to read
  3. ↑ "Kaske". Cincinnati, Ohio. 3 January 1965. p. 8D. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28869564.  free to read
  4. ↑ "Diplomas Will Go To 1,047". Cincinnati, Ohio. 3 June 1938. p. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29101912.  free to read
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Military Ball Tomorrow; Sponsored by R.O.T.C.". Cincinnati, Ohio. 8 December 1938. p. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28935735.  free to read
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Junior is Named Host". Cincinnati, Ohio. 6 May 1941. p. 9. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891406.  free to read
  7. ↑ "Students to be Inducted Into National Fraternity". Cincinnati, Ohio. 9 March 1941. p. 20. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28903603.  free to read
  8. ↑ "Xavier Play Friday Night". Cincinnati, Ohio. 13 April 1941. p. 2-III. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28893913.  free to read
  9. ↑ "In Tonight's Play". Cincinnati, Ohio. 18 April 1941. p. 12. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28944519.  free to read
  10. ↑ "Xavier Play Well Presented". Cincinnati, Ohio. 19 April 1941. p. 11. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28903662.  free to read
  11. ↑ "20 Years Ago in Cincinnati". Cincinnati, Ohio. 5 May 1961. p. 23. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29188819.  free to read
  12. ↑ "Students to Initiate". Cincinnati, Ohio. 6 October 1941. p. 12. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28903459.  free to read
  13. ↑ "Heydey Party Tomorrow: Xavier Literary Society is to Hold Annual Reunion". Cincinnati, Ohio. 28 December 1941. p. 14. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28902660.  free to read
  14. ↑ "To Observe Jubilee". Cincinnati, Ohio. 13 February 1942. p. 20. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090475.  free to read
  15. ↑ "Heads of Paper Named". Cincinnati, Ohio. 8 December 1941. p. 20. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28944638.  free to read
  16. ↑ "Xavier Magazine Out". Cincinnati, Ohio. 21 December 1946. p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28944505.  free to read
  17. ↑ "Xavier Society Formed". Cincinnati, Ohio. 20 October 1961. p. 15. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29188285.  free to read
  18. ↑ "20 Years Ago in Cincinnati". Cincinnati, Ohio. 20 October 1961. p. 23. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29188340.  free to read
  19. ↑ "Honors are Won: By Xavier Students in Intercollegiate Writing Contest". Cincinnati, Ohio. 26 January 1942. p. 5. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891427.  free to read
  20. ↑ ""Masque" Group in Comedy-Melodrama". Cincinnati, Ohio. 6 April 1942. p. 19. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29185021.  free to read
  21. ↑ "Xavier Club Offers New Play Tonight". Cincinnati, Ohio. 17 April 1942. p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29091235.  free to read
  22. ↑ "Archbishop is Chief Speaker For Xavier Exercises, Set for 7:45 Tonight". Cincinnati, Ohio. 3 June 1942. p. 24. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28963608.  free to read
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Active Service Ordered for Xavier Lieutenants". Cincinnati, Ohio. 14 May 1942. p. 16. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28897589.  free to read
  24. ↑ "Commissions will go to Students". Cincinnati, Ohio. 22 May 1942. p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28935668.  free to read
  25. ↑ "R.O.T.C. at Xavier Graduates 25 Officers for Army, 23 for Active Service at Once". Cincinnati, Ohio. 26 May 1942. p. 11. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891617.  free to read
  26. ↑ "Nation's Unity Held up to Class of Xavier Graduates In Talk by Archbishop". Cincinnati, Ohio. 4 June 1942. pp. 1, 8. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29097221.  free to read
  27. ↑ "Lieutenant Robert E. Kaske". Ithaca, New York. 31 December 1999. p. 2B. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28904576.  free to read
  28. ↑ "Factotum Mag to be Available on Campus Soon". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 9 November 1948. p. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090433.  free to read
  29. ↑ "Factotum Mag Slated to Appear Here Today". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 17 November 1948. p. 1. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29091276.  free to read
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Scholar Grant Won by Kaske". Ithaca, New York. 13 January 1968. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28935768.  free to read
  31. ↑ "Five to Join Washington U. English Department Staff". St. Louis, Missouri. 26 April 1950. p. 3C. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090865.  free to read
  32. ↑ "Wednesday Club Sections to Meet". St. Louis, Missouri. 23 October 1951. p. 4D. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29029235.  free to read
  33. ↑ "Thomas Eliot Takes Washington U. Post". St. Louis, Missouri. 15 May 1952. p. 14C. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28876530.  free to read
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 "Robert E. Kaske, 68, A Professor at Cornell". New York City. 11 August 1989. p. A20. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/11/obituaries/robert-e-kaske-68-a-professor-at-cornell.html.  free to read
  35. ↑ "Chancellor Makes Recommendation on Faculty to President Friday". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 28 February 1958. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28944698.  free to read
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Busy Summer is in Sight for Many Carolina Profs". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 23 June 1960. pp. 4–5. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28944561.  free to read
  37. ↑ "Professors Win Guggenheim". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 30 April 1961. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28944472.  free to read
  38. ↑ "Guggenheim Fellowships Go to Four in this State". Asheville, North Carolina. 1 May 1961. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891384.  free to read
  39. ↑ "Campus Calendar". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 7 March 1969. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090213.  free to read
  40. ↑ "Campus Calendar". Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 9 March 1969. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090975.  free to read
  41. ↑ "'Who's Who' Lists Newcomers". Ithaca, New York. 28 May 1968. p. 3. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28963620.  free to read
  42. ↑ "Humanities Grants Go To 2 Here". Ithaca, New York. 21 April 1971. p. 8. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28867931.  free to read
  43. ↑ "Symposium Due on Chaucer Work". Atlanta, Georgia. 21 March 1971. p. 7-A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090267.  free to read
  44. ↑ "Chaucer Full of Love But No 'Ann Landers' Sentiment". Nashville, Tennessee. 12 May 1974. p. 8F. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29091562.  free to read
  45. ↑ "Two Receive Fellowships". Ithaca, New York. 7 March 1972. p. 4A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28866849.  free to read
  46. ↑ "Beowulf Lecture Set". Ithaca, New York. 9 March 1973. p. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28892091.  free to read
  47. ↑ "Avalon Prof is Named". Ithaca, New York. 5 December 1974. p. 6. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28903527.  free to read
  48. ↑ "2 Cornell Profs win Guggenheim Fellowships". Ithaca, New York. 21 April 1977. p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891844.  free to read
  49. ↑ "Medieval Scholar Robert Kaske Dies". Poughkeepsie, New York. 10 August 1989. p. 2C. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090925.  free to read
  50. ↑ "A.D. White Professors Picked". Ithaca, New York. 2 August 1984. p. 4. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28902576.  free to read
  51. ↑ "Kaske-Reinerman". Cincinnati, Ohio. 16 January 1944. p. 2-IV. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29092014.  free to read
  52. ↑ "Marriage Licenses". Cincinnati, Ohio. 24 November 1943. p. 18. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891748.  free to read
  53. ↑ "Kaske". Cincinnati, Ohio. 12 October 1996. p. B8. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28902628.  free to read
  54. ↑ "Carol V Kaske". 2016. https://www.hersonwagnerfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Carol-Kaske/#!/Obituary. Retrieved 4 March 2019.  free to read
  55. ↑ Sherman, Tamar Asedo (1 March 1978). "Family I: With Child". Ithaca, New York. p. 13. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29090370.  free to read
  56. ↑ "Ithaca, New York". Indianapolis, Indiana. 11 August 1989. p. 11-A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891640.  free to read
  57. ↑ "Medieval Scholar Dead". Muncie, Indiana. 13 August 1989. p. 12C. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28866639.  free to read
  58. ↑ "Robert E. Kaske". Ithaca, New York. 24 August 1989. p. 4A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28864421.  free to read
  59. ↑ "A Memorial Service". Ithaca, New York. 14 October 1989. p. 4A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28891269.  free to read
  60. ↑ "A Memorial Service". Ithaca, New York. 18 October 1989. p. 4A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28864969.  free to read

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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