Changes: Schout-bij-nacht

	Naval officer ranks
Flag officers:
	Admiral of the fleet • Fleet admiral • Grand admiral; Admiral • General admiral; Vice admiral • Squadron vice-admiral • Lieutenant admiral; Rear admiral • Counter admiral • Divisional admiral; Commodore • Flotilla admiral;
Senior officers:
	Captain • Capt at sea • Capt of sea and war • Ship-of-the-line Capt; Commander • Frigate captain; Lieutenant commander • Corvette captain;
Junior officers:
	Captain lieutenant • Lieutenant • Ship-of-the-line lieutenant; Frigate lieutenant • Lieutenant (junior grade) • Sub-lieutenant; Corvette lieutenant • Ensign; Midshipman;

Revision as of 06:47, 18 July 2014

Schout-bij-nacht (pronounced [sxɔut.bɛi̯.nɑxt]) is a Dutch Naval rank, equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy. It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above commandeur ("commodore") and below a vice-admiraal ("vice admiral").

The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century. Translated as "watch-at-night", the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep.

In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron, in the absence of a senior admiral, and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet's rear squadron.

In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as schoutbynacht and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт ("shautbenakht"). In 1724 the Russians, followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral (контр-адмирал in Russian, konteramiral in Swedish, kontreadmiral in Danish and Norwegian).

Famous schout-bij-nacht

Paulus Roelof Cantz'laar
Karel Doorman
Christoffel Middaghten (nl)
Willem van der Zaen
Johan Zoutman

References

"Schoutbynacht" in Svenska Akademiens Ordbok, col. S1417 (1965). (Historical usage in Swedish)
"Schoutbynacht", in Nordisk familjebok, vol. 24 (1916) (Swedish navy)

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The original article can be found at Schout-bij-nacht and the edit history here.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 '''Schout-bij-nacht''' ({{IPA-nl|sxɔut.bɛi̯.nɑxt|pron}}) is a [[Dutch Navy|Dutch Naval]] rank, equivalent to [[rear admiral]] in the [[US Navy]] and [[Royal Navy]].  It is the second most junior [[admiral]] position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above ''commandeur'' ("[[Commodore (rank)|commodore]]") and below a ''vice-admiraal'' ("[[vice admiral]]").
-The rank of ''schout-bij-nacht'' originated between the 15th and 16th century. Translated as "watch-at-night", the ''schout-bij-nacht'' was the officer who supervised the ship when the [[Captain (nautical)|captain]] was asleep.
+The rank of ''schout-bij-nacht'' originated between the 15th and 16th century. Translated as "watch-at-night", the ''schout-bij-nacht'' was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep.
 In later times the ''schout-bij-nacht'' was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron, in the absence of a senior [[admiral]], and by the 17th century ''schout-bij-nacht'' was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet's rear squadron.