Siege of Melilla (1774)

Siege of Melilla
Part of Hispano-Moroccan wars
File:Melilla 1774.jpg Engraving of the Siege, 1774.
Date December 9, 1774 – March 19, 1775 Location Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera Result Spanish victory
Belligerents
Spain	Morocco Supported by: Kingdom of Great Britain
Commanders and leaders
Juan Sherlocke Florencio Moreno	Mohammed ben Abdallah
Strength
5,000	40,000
Casualties and losses
600 dead or wounded

The Siege of Melilla was an attempt by the British-backed Sultanate of Morocco to capture the Spanish fortress of Melilla on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. Mohammed ben Abdallah, then Sultan of Morocco, invested Melilla in December 1774 with a large army of Royal Moroccan soldiers and Algerian mercenaries. The city was defended by a small garrison under Irish-born Governor Don Juan Sherlocke until the siege was lifted by a relief fleet in March 1775.

Battle

With the promise of British subsidies and material aid for a war against Spain, Mohammed ben Abdallah assembled an army of 40,000 men and powerful artillery in 1774 and began a bombardment of Melilla. Spanish troops resisted the attack over a period of 100 days, over which time some 12,000 projectiles were lobbed onto the city. A small garrison under Florencio Moreno likewise resisted the Sultan's army at Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera.

In 1775 war material from England en route to Melilla was intercepted and captured by the Spanish Navy and Spanish sail approached the beleaguered city; at the same time the Turks began to encroach on Morocco's eastern borders. Sherlocke began to break the siege, a situation exacerbated by the desertion of ben Abdallah's Algerians. Melilla was relieved in March. The end of the siege is still commemorated as Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, "Our Lady of Victory."

With the Peace of Aranjuez in 1780, Morocco recognized Spanish rule of Melilla in exchange for territorial concessions, ceded by Spain.

References

• Rezette, Robert (1976). The Spanish Enclaves in Morocco. Nouvelles Editions Latines Publishing. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ifNYcVu1zvQC&printsec=frontcover.