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Sigma-class design

Revision as of 23:10, 6 June 2020 by Jcmenal (Message Wall | contribs) (operators)
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Sigma-class design
Kri-diponegoro-1600-1200.jpg
Sigma 9113-class corvette (KRI Diponegoro)
Class overview
Builders: Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding
Operators:
Subclasses:
  • 9113 (Indonesian corvette variant)
  • 9813 (Moroccan heavy corvette variant)
  • 10513 (Moroccan light frigate variant)
  • 10514 (Indonesian frigate variant)
  • 10514 LRP (Mexican patrol variant)
    • Built: 2005–present
    In commission: 2007–present
    Building: 2
    Planned: 15
    Completed: 8
    Cancelled: 1
    Active: 8
    Laid up: 2
    General characteristics
    Type: Corvette & Frigate
    Displacement: 1,692 tons
    Length: 90.71 m (297 ft 7 in)
    Beam: 13.02 m (42 ft 9 in)
    Draft: 3.60 m (11 ft 10 in)
    Propulsion:
    • 2 × SEMT Pielstick 20PA6B STC rated at 8910 kW each driving a lightweight Geislinger coupling combination BE 72/20/125N + BF 110/50/2H (steel – composite coupling combination)
    • 4 × Caterpillar 3406C TA generator rated at 350 kW each
    • 1 × Caterpillar 3304B emergency generator rated at 105 kW
    • 2 × shaft with Rolls Royce Kamewa 5 bladed CP propeller
    • 2 × Renk ASL94 single step reduction gear[1] with passive roll stabilization
    Speed:
  • Maximum: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
  • Cruising: 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
  • Economy: 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
    • Range:
  • At cruising speed of 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph): 3,600 nmi (6,700 km; 4,100 mi)
  • At economy speed of 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph): 4,800 nmi (8,900 km; 5,500 mi)
    • Complement: 20, up to 80
    Sensors and
    processing systems:
    • Combat System: Thales Group TACTICOS[2] with 4 x Multifunction Operator Console Mk 3 2H
    • Search radar: MW08 3D multibeam surveillance radar
    • IFF: Thales TSB 2525 Mk XA (integrated with MW08)
    • Navigation radar: Sperry Marine BridgeMasterE ARPA radar
    • Fire control radar: LIROD Mk 2 tracking radar
    • Data Link: LINK Y Mk 2 datalink system
    • Sonar: Thales UMS 4132 Kingklip medium frequency active/passive ASW hull mounted sonar
    • Internal Communications: Thales Communication's Fibre Optical COmmunications Network (FOCON) or EID's ICCS where on-board users have access to internal and/or external communication channels and integrated remote control of communications equipment
    • Satellite Comms: Nera F series
    • Navigation System: Raytheon Anschutz integrated navigation
    • Integrated Platform Management System: Imtech UniMACs 3000 Integrated Bridge System[3]
    Electronic warfare
    & decoys:
  • ESM: Thales DR3000
  • ECM: Racal Scorpion 2L
  • Decoy: TERMA SKWS, DLT-12T 130mm decoy launchers, port, starboard
    • Armament:
  • Guns: 1 x Oto Melara 76 mm (A position)
  • 2 × 20 mm Denel GI-2 (Licensed copy of GIAT M693/F2) (B position)
  • Anti-air missile: 2 x quad (8) MBDA Mistral TETRAL, forward & aft
  • Anti-surface missile: 4 x MBDA Exocet MM40 Block II
  • Torpedoes: 2 x triple B515 launchers for EuroTorp 3A 244S Mode II/MU 90
    • Aviation facilities: landing pad, optional hangar

    The Sigma-class is a Dutch-built family of modular naval vessels, of either corvette or frigate size.

    Modular design

    The basic design of the Sigma Patrol Series can vary as the hull segments are designed as components. Ships can vary in the number of hull segments and in the order in which they are placed. Sigma stands for Ship Integrated Geometrical Modularity Approach. The ship's main dimensions are named in the types itself, SIGMA 9113 stands for 91 metres (298 ft 7 in) long and with a beam of 13 metres (42 ft 8 in). Likewise, the SIGMA 10513, is 105 metres (344 ft 6 in) in length with a beam of 13 meters.

    The design was derived from the earlier High Speed Displacement hull form by MARIN Teknikk AS in the 1970s.

    Users

    • Indonesia (TNI-AL) has four SIGMA 9113 Diponegoro-class corvettes in active service from 2009. In August 2010, Indonesia signed a deal to build Martadinata-class frigates based on the SIGMA 10514 in PT PAL Shipyard at Surabaya, Indonesia. A second contract was signed in February 2013. Eventually six ships will be built. The first ship, KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata (331), was commissioned on 7 April 2017 at Tanjung Priok. The second ship, KRI I Gusti Ngurah Rai (332), was launched in September 2016.[4]
    • Morocco has ordered two 9813 class heavy corvettes (with VLS) and a light 10513 class frigate based on a modified design.

    Under construction

    • Indonesia has ordered 2 Sigma 10514 class, these ships will be built by the Indonesian shipyard PT PAL with the first ship KRI 331 Raden Eddy Martadinata was laid down in January 2014 and as of January 2016 the first ship is almost complete. On 18 January 2016 the ship was launched and is scheduled to be delivered to the Indonesian Navy in January 2017. The second ship, KRI 332 I Gusti Ngurah Rai, is under construction by PT PAL and the modules for the ship arrived in Surabaya in January 2016.
    • Mexico has ordered 1 Sigma 10514 LRP[5] based upon the Indonesian variant with different weapon systems and different role. The Mexican navy will use its sigma corvette as a long range patrol vessel. The keel was laid on 17 August 2017, the ship will enter service in 2020, launch is planned for 2018. The ship will be built in six modules with two amongst these modules built by Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding in Vlissingen, in the Netherands and remaining four by the shipyard of the Mexican Navy in Salina Cruz under supervision of Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding. The Sigma will replace the four Allende class (ex-USN Knox class), and two Bravo class (ex-USN Bronstein class) of frigates so, as many as six may be built.
    • Romania has ordered four Sigma light frigates for a total of 1.6 billion euro. All ships will be build at Damen Galati. Specifications on model and delivery were not published.

    Potential operators

    • Poland Damen Schelde submitted[6] its SIGMA PL 10514 in two variants for the competition to supply the Polish Navy with options for their Miecznik & Czapla programmes. Miecznik will be a coastal defense ship and Czapla a patrol ship.

    Failed bids

    • Malaysia Damen Schelde participated in the competition to supply the Royal Malaysian Navy with six frigates under the Second Generation Patrol Vessel program. It lost to the French Gowind class. The other competitor was the MEKO A200.
    • Egypt Damen Schelde was in competition for four Sigma corvettes (+ two options) for the Egyptian Navy. The French Gowind-class corvette won this bid. The other competitor was TKMS MEKO A200.[7]
    • Philippines Damen Schelde bought bidding documents but did not submit an offer.[8]
    • United Arab Emirates Damen had submitted an offer (likely the Sigma 9813 or Sigma 9814) for the Abu-Dhabi-class corvettes. It lost to a corvette based on the Italian Comandanti class.
    • Oman had an interest in buying four SIGMA corvettes/frigates in March 2011. The Dutch queen Beatrix planned a state visit to Oman, one of the reasons for the visit was the sale of the ships to the Royal Navy of Oman.The official visit was cancelled due to the unrest in Oman at the time, she did go to an unofficial dinner with the Sultan of Oman. The official visit took place later in January 2012. During the first visit to Oman the Royal Netherlands Navy sent its air defence warfare frigate HNLMS De Ruyter to Muscat. In April 2012 it was announced that they lost to the Singaporean Al-Ofouq-class patrol vessel by ST Engineering. Damen had offered the Sigma 7513.

    Indonesian Navy variants

    SIGMA 9113

    The Indonesian variant is based on the Sigma 9113 design.[9] Work on the first of the class, KRI Diponegoro, began with the first steel cutting conducted in October 2004. The ship was christened on 16 September 2006 and commissioned on 2 July 2007 by Admiral Slamet Soebijanto, Indonesian Navy Chief of Staff.[10]

    Options for two other units were exercised in January 2006 with the first steel cut commenced on 3 April 2006[11] in Damen's Schelde Naval Shipbuilding yard, Vlissingen-Oost yard and not in Surabaya stated earlier.

    On 28 August 2007, Jane's Missiles and Rockets reported[12] that Indonesia was having problems securing the export license for the MM-40 Exocet block II and are considering Chinese made C-802 anti-ship missiles as alternatives. However, the ships have already been delivered with the Exocet missiles.

    Pkr 331

    The SIGMA 10514-class frigate KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata

    SIGMA 10514

    Main article: Martadinata-class frigate

    On the 16 August 2010, Indonesia Defense Department, signed a deal[13][14] with PT PAL Indonesia and Damen Schelde to build a 105-meter frigate in Indonesia based on Damen Schelde Sigma 10514 design. For the first ship, five modules for the ship will be built in Indonesia and the Dutch manufacturer Damen Schelde will build 2 modules while for the second ship the Indonesians will build six modules and Damen Schelde will build one module. The first hull will only be equipped with guns (without major weapons) and the second hull is complete with major weapons such as 76 mm main cannon, 12 MICA vertical launch air defence missile, MM-40 Exocet block III, Torpedo, and SMART-S MK2 radar system.[15] Though the Indonesian Navy announced that it will build two destroyer escorts referring to the SIGMA 10514. On the Indo Defence 2012 exposition a model was revealed showing the phalanx and ASW mortar replaced by a single 35 mm Oerlikon Millennium Gun system,[16] also the 76 mm had a stealth cupola. Some reported that the VLS missiles will be Aster-15 instead of MICA, due to these changes the ships role also changed from ASW to AAW.

    On 1 February 2013 it was announced that a second unit will be built by Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding and PT PAL Surabaya, the second contract includes torpedo tubes, combat control room and a couple of surface weapons. As of December 2015, the first ship, KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata (331), was 85% complete and the ship was launched on 18 January 2016.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

    Moroccan Navy variants

    On 6 February 2008,[25] Morocco signed a USD$1.2 billion contract with Schelde Naval Shipbuilding for two Light frigate SIGMA 9813 and one Light frigate SIGMA 10145 which are modified versions of the existing Sigma-class design.

    A subsequent contract was signed[26] on 1 April 2008 with Thales Nederland for the supply and installation of the command and control and sensor package for the ships. The package included TACTICOS combat management system, SMART-S Mk2 surveillance radar, LIROD Mk2 tracking radar, Thales KINGKLIP sonar system, IFF system, Integrated communication system comprising external communication system and FOCON internal communication system, two Target Designation Sights, VIGILE ESM system, SCORPION ECM system, and the integrated navigation system.

    The first frigate for Morocco, Tarik ben Ziyad, was launched in July 2010,[27] began sea trials on 6 May 2011[28] and was delivered on 12 September 2011.[29] The second ship was launched on 2 February 2011,[27] with sea trials planned for late in the year.[28] The third ship was planned to be launched in September 2011.[28]

    Romanian Navy variant

    In November 2016 the Romanian Navy indicated that Damen Shipyard's Sigma-class design had been selected to supply four vessels, to be locally constructed at the Damen Shipyard in Galati. Romania will order four multi-role corvettes for a total of 1.6 billion euro's including training, spare parts and ammunition. The first ship is planned to be delivered within 2.5 years after contract signing.

    The Romanian Navy has studied the SIGMA 9813 and SIGMA 10514 with the 10514 meeting most of the requirements. No official confirmation has been given on what variant of SIGMA will be ordered.

    Mexican Navy variant

    On 18 August 2017, Damen announced the keel laying for one SIGMA 10514 Long Range Patrol (SIGMA 10514 LRP/ SIGMA 10514 POLA) at Damen Schelde Naval Shipyard in Vlissingen for the Mexican Navy. The vessel will be constructed modularly in six modules, two modules are to be constructed in Vlissingen and the other four modules in Mexico. According to a SEMAR computer generated depiction of the vessel, a Bofors 57 mm gun (Mk. 3 variant) may be used instead of the OTO Melara unit, and a Raytheon RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile or SeaRAM may be used instead of the Mica VLS. This missile unit was depicted in the image being aft of the main stacks above the helicopter hanger. No detailed information yet on what the anti-shipping system will be or what the embarked helicopter type will be.[30]

    Ships of class

    Indonesian Navy / Sigma 9113 design

    Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned Notes
    KRI Diponegoro 365 24 March 2005 16 September 2006 5 July 2007 Diponegoro, a National Hero from Central Java
    KRI Sultan Hasanuddin 366 24 March 2005 16 September 2006 24 November 2007 Sultan Hasanuddin, a National Hero from South Sulawesi
    KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda 367 8 May 2006 24 November 2007 18 October 2008 Iskandar Muda, a National Hero from Aceh
    KRI Frans Kaisiepo 368 8 May 2006 28 June 2008 7 March 2009 Frans Kaisiepo, a National Hero from Papua and the fourth Governor of Papua

    Indonesian Navy / Sigma 10514 design

    Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned Notes
    KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata 331 16 April 2014 18 January 2016 7 April 2017 Raden Eddy Martadinata, a National Hero from Bandung and one of the founders Of Indonesian Navy
    KRI I Gusti Ngurah Rai 332 tba 29 September 2016 Planned for 2017 I Gusti Ngurah Rai, a National Hero from Bali Island and leader of Puputan War against Dutch Colonialist Government

    Moroccan Navy / Sigma 9813 & 10513 design

    Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned
    RMNS Tarik Ben Ziyad 613 15 April 2009 12 July 2010[31] 10 September 2011[32]
    RMNS Sultan Moulay Ismail 614 March 2009 4 February 2011[33] 10 March 2012[34]
    RMNS Allal Ben Abdellah 615 September 2009 October 2011 8 September 2012[35]

    Note: 613 now shows on AIS as Sultan Moulay Ismail.

    Mexican Navy / Sigma 10514 LRP design

    Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned
    TBA TBA 17 August 2017 TBA TBA

    Sigma versions

    There are three types of Sigma combatants

    • Sigma frigate
    • Sigma corvette
    • Sigma fast attack corvette

    Simplified comparisons between the different Sigma models.

    Specifications Compact Sigma 5910[36] Compact Sigma 7310 [37] Sigma 9113[38] Sigma 9813[39] Sigma 9814[40][41] Sigma 10513[42] Sigma 10514[43] Sigma 10514 LRP
    Ordered by – – Flag of Indonesia Indonesian Navy Naval Ensign of Morocco Royal Moroccan Navy Flag of Vietnam Vietnamese People's Navy (cancelled[44]) Naval Ensign of Morocco Royal Moroccan Navy Flag of Indonesia Indonesian Navy Flag of Mexico Mexican Navy
    Type Fast Attack Corvette Fast Attack Corvette Corvette Frigate Frigate Frigate Frigate Long Range Patrol Vessel (POLA)
    Built - - 4 2 0 1 2 At least 4
    Length 58.6 meters 74.2 meters 90.01 meters 97.91 meters 99.91 meters 105.11 meters 105.11 meters 107.14 meters
    Beam 10.00 meters 10.00 meters 13.02 meters 13.02 meters 14.02 meters 13.02 meters 14.02 meters 14.02 meters
    Draft 3.10 meters 3.10 meters 3.60 meters 3.75 meters 3.75 meters 3.75 meters 3.75 meters 3.75 meters
    Displacement 750 tons 900 tons 1,692 tons 2,075 tons 2,150 tons 2,335 tons 2,365 tons 2,575 tons
    Main machinery 3 x – 4x 3900  kW 2 x 8910 kW 2 x 8910 kW tbd 2 x 8910 kW 2 x 9240 kW tbd
    Speed (cruising) 18 knots 18 knots 18 knots 18 knots tbd 18 knots 18 knots tbd
    Speed (maximum) 32 knots 34 knots 28 knots 28 knots tbd 28 knots 28 knots 27 knots
    Endurance 2,000  nm 2,000  nm 4,000 nm 4,000 nm tbd 4,000 nm 5,000 nm tbd
    Primary sensors Thales Smart-S MK2 Thales NS-100 Thales MW08 Thales SMART-S MK2 Thales SMART-S MK2 Thales SMART-S MK2 Thales SMART-S MK2 Thales SMART-S MK2
    Complement 37 50 80 91 103 110 122 tbd
    Helicopter none none deck only deck and hangar (9 ton) deck and hangar deck and hangar (9 ton) deck and hangar (10 ton) tbd
    Status – – In Service In Service Cancelled In Service In Service Under Construction

    There are multiple new Sigma designs released in early 2015 of which little is known, these are the:

    Sigma 8313 / Sigma 8011 / Sigma 7613 / Sigma 6610

    They are likely to be part of the Compact SIGMA series, a new series small sized combatants with shorter range and up to 2 weeks mission endurance with the same combat systems as the larger Sigmas.[45]

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ "RENK AG Press Release, September 2006, Diesel Propulsion Drives: When perfection arises from tradition". http://www.renk.de/index2.php?pageid=85&pub=2&na_id=294. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    2. ↑ "Thales to supply key systems for new corvettes Indonesian Navy worth 60m euro.". http://www.thales-nederland.nl/nl/news/archive/2004/oct27-2004.shtml. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    3. ↑ "Imtech Naval Projects Reference List" (PDF). http://marine.imtech.nl/content/content_group/76/265/File/Naval%20References.pdf. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    4. ↑ Rahmat, Ridzwan. "Indonesia commissions first Martadinata-class guided-missile frigate". IHS Jane's 360. http://www.janes.com/article/69422/indonesia-commissions-first-martadinata-class-guided-missile-frigate. 
    5. ↑ "Cookies op pzc.nl - pzc.nl". http://www.pzc.nl/zeeuws-nieuws/mexicaanse-order-voor-damen-schelde~a366dfc5/. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
    6. ↑ "Balt Military Expo 2016: DAMEN Unveils SIGMA 10514PL Designs Based on SIGMA 10514 PKR". http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4104. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
    7. ↑ "Egyptian Navy would be about to order 4 to 6 Gowind Combat Corvettes from DCNS". http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1609. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    8. ↑ "Defense Studies". http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/12/4-firms-qualify-for-p18-b-navy-frigate.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    9. ↑ "Indonesian Specifications of the Sigma Class coverttes". Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928162530/http://www.scheldeshipbuilding.com/sigmacorvette.htm. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    10. ↑ "ANTARA News: Navy chief takes delivery of corvette made in Netherlands". Archived from the original on 2009-04-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20090410153424/http://www.antara.co.id/en/arc/2007/7/3/navy-chief-takes-delivery-of-corvette-made-in-netherlands/. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    11. ↑ "Two SIGMA 9113 corvettes more for Indonesia" (PDF). Archived from the original on October 1, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061001005953/http://www.damen.nl/Upload/Downloads/mID_5708_cID_4719_DAMEN-NEWS-7-LR.pdf. 
    12. ↑ "JMR: Indonesia evaluates C-802". http://www4.janes.com/subscribe/jni/doc_view.jsp?K2DocKey=/content1/janesdata/mags/jni/history/jni2010/jni73957.htm@current&Prod_Name=JNI&QueryText=. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    13. ↑ "JNR: Indonesia selects Damen for frigate contract". http://www4.janes.com/subscribe/jmr/doc_view.jsp?K2DocKey=/content1/janesdata/mags/jmr/history/jmr2007/jmr70650.htm@current&Prod_Name=JMR&QueryText=. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    14. ↑ "Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". http://www.damennaval.com/nl/news.htm?item=33. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    15. ↑ "DEFENSE STUDIES". http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/02/kemhan-memproses-kontrak-pembelian-pkr.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    16. ↑ "Garuda Militer". http://garudamiliter.blogspot.com/2012/12/ciws-canggih-untuk-pkr-10514-tni-al.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    17. ↑ "DEFENSE STUDIES: Kemhan Memproses Kontrak Pembelian PKR 105 Kedua dengan Damen Schelde". http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/02/kemhan-memproses-kontrak-pembelian-pkr.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    18. ↑ "The Indonesian Navy Task Force of PKR Starts its Mission in the Netherlands". April 15, 2013. http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-indonesian-navy-task-force-of-pkr.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    19. ↑ "Two-Ship Programme Firms Up for Indonesian PKR Frigate". May 17, 2013. http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/05/two-ship-programme-firms-up-for.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    20. ↑ "Dutch Firm Gets Green Light for Military Exports to Indonesia". June 5, 2013. http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/06/dutch-firm-gets-green-light-for.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    21. ↑ "Indonesia signs for Thales TACTICOS system". September 10, 2013. http://www.garudamiliter.blogspot.com/2013/09/indonesia-signs-for-thales-tacticos.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    22. ↑ "Thales to supply mission suite for Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) PKR vessels". November 18, 2013. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2013-news/november-2013-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1365-thales-to-supply-mission-suite-for-indonesian-navy-tni-al-pkr-vessels.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    23. ↑ "Damen (DSNS) starts steel cutting for SIGMA 10514 PKR Frigate for Indonesia Navy (TNI AL)". January 15, 2014. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/january-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1493-damen-dsns-starts-steel-cutting-for-sigma-10514-pkr-frigate-for-indonesia-navy-tni-al.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    24. ↑ "Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding lays keel of first SIGMA 10514 PKR Frigate for TNI AL (Indonesia)". April 19, 2014. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/april-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1760-damen-schelde-naval-shipbuilding-lays-keel-of-first-sigma-10514-pkr-frigate-for-tni-al-indonesia.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    25. ↑ Joris Janssen Lok (8 February 2008). "Morocco's Dutch Frigate Order is Confirmed". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3ab9f672a5-abfe-4d8b-a8fa-1144be7390d5. 
    26. ↑ Frank van de Wiel (7 April 2008). "Thales awarded contract for Moroccan OPV". Thales Nederland. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080413091633/http://www.thalesgroup.com/netherlands/Press-Room/Press-Release-search-all/Press-Release-search-result/Press-Release-Article2.html?link=25165439-272e-7b69-507d-1722561c0d5a%3Acentral&locale=EN-gb&Title=Thales+awarded+contract+for+Moroccan+OPV&dis=1. 
    27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "The Netherlands: Second Multi-Mission Frigate Launches at Damen Shipyard for Moroccan Navy". Shipbuilding Tribune. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. https://www.webcitation.org/6294IMzUh?url=http://shipbuildingtribune.com/2011/03/04/the-netherland-second-multi-mission-frigate-launches-at-damen-shipyard-for-royal-moroccan-navy/. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 
    28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "First Multi Mission Frigate for Royal Moroccan Navy Starts Sea Trials". Shipbuilding Tribune. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. https://www.webcitation.org/629449VSs?url=http://shipbuildingtribune.com/2011/05/12/first-multi-mission-frigate-for-royal-moroccan-navy-finishes-sea-trials/. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 
    29. ↑ "Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding Delivers SIGMA Class Frigate to Royal Moroccan Navy". Shipbuilding Tribune. 12 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. https://www.webcitation.org/6293txXE7?url=http://shipbuildingtribune.com/2011/09/12/damen-schelde-naval-shipbuilding-delivers-sigma-class-frigate-to-royal-moroccan-navy/. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 
    30. ↑ "Admiral Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz takes part in a symbolic coin ceremony at Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". Damen. 18 August 2017. http://www.damen.com/en/news/2017/08/admiral_vidal_francisco_soberon_sanz_takes_part_in_a_symbolic_coin_ceremony_at_dsns. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
    31. ↑ "News – Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". Damennaval.com. 2010-07-18. http://www.damennaval.com/nl/news.htm?item=16. Retrieved 2011-12-28. 
    32. ↑ "Moroccan Navy receives first Sigma Class frigate". Naval Technology. http://www.naval-technology.com/news/news129833.html. 
    33. ↑ "News – Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". Damennaval.com. http://www.damennaval.com/nl/news.htm?item=19. Retrieved 2011-12-28. 
    34. ↑ "Moroccan Navy receives second Sigma-class frigate". Naval Technology. http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsmoroccan-navy-receives-second-sigma-class-frigate. 
    35. ↑ "Moroccan Navy commissions its third SIGMA-class frigate". Naval Technology. http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsmoroccan-navy-commissions-third-sigma-class-frigate. 
    36. ↑ [1] Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
    37. ↑ [2] Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
    38. ↑ [3] Archived September 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
    39. ↑ "SIGMA 9813 Sultan Moulay Ismail Allal Ben Abdellah Morocco Royal Moroccan Navy البحرية الملكية Frégates Multi-Missions Marocaines FMMM DSNS DAMEN Schelde Naval Shipbuilding datasheet pictures photos video specifications". http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=792. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    40. ↑ "Vietnam Navy selects MBDA Exocet and VL Mica missiles for its Sigma 9814 Corvettes". November 4, 2013. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2013-news/november-2013-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1329-vietnam-navy-selects-mbda-exocet-and-vl-mica-missiles-for-its-sigma-9814-corvettes-.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    41. ↑ "Design of future Damen SIGMA 9814 Corvettes for Vietnamese Navy revealed". March 1, 2014. http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/march-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1600-design-of-future-damen-sigma-9814-corvettes-for-vietnamese-navy-revealed.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    42. ↑ "SIGMA 10513 Tarik Ben Ziad Frigate طارق بن زياد Morocco Royal Moroccan Navy البحرية الملكية Frégates Multi-Missions Marocaines FMMM DSNS DAMEN Schelde Naval Shipbuilding datasheet pictures photos video specifications". http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=791. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    43. ↑ "SIGMA 10514 PKR Frigate Indonesia Indonesian Navy TNI AL Perusak Kawal Rudal PT PAL DSNS DAMEN Schelde Naval Shipbuilding KRI datasheet pictures photos video specifications". http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=778. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 
    44. ↑ "Vietnam’s Quest for a Greenwater Navy". http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/vietnams-quest-for-a-greenwater-navy/. Retrieved 2016-03-18. 
    45. ↑ "DAMEN introduced the new "Compact SIGMA" line of corvettes during DSEI 2013". http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/naval-exhibitions/dsei-2013/1238-damen-introduced-the-new-qcompact-sigmaq-line-of-corvettes-during-dsei-2013.html. Retrieved 2016-01-19. 

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