Military Wiki
Don't have an account?
Register
Register
in: Articles using infobox military unit, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, NATO-led peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia,
and 2 more

Changes: Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Back to page
Sign in to edit
(Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) (Balon Greyjoy))
(→‎top: Trim out unused parameters and cleanup)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}
  
 
{{Infobox military unit
  
{{Infobox military unit
 
|unit_name=Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  
|unit_name=Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina
−
|image=[[Image:Insignia NATO Army SFOR.svg]]
 +
|image=[[File:Insignia NATO Army SFOR.svg]]
 
|caption=SFOR insignia
  
|caption=SFOR insignia
 
|country=39 countries
  
|country=39 countries
Line 14: Line 13:
 
|garrison=
  
|garrison=
 
|battles=
  
|battles=
−
|notable_commanders=
  
 
}}
  
}}
 
{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}}
  
{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}}
−
The '''Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina''' (SFOR) was a [[NATO]]-led multinational [[peacekeeping]] force deployed to [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] after the [[Bosnian war]]. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It was replaced by [[EUFOR Althea]] in December 2004.
 +
The '''Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina''' (SFOR) was a [[NATO]]-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the [[Bosnian war]]. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It was replaced by [[EUFOR Althea]] in December 2004.
   
 
==Mission==
  
==Mission==
−
The stated mission of SFOR was to "deter hostilities and stabilise the peace, contribute to a secure environment by providing a continued military presence in the Area Of Responsibility (AOR), target and coordinate SFOR support to key areas including primary civil implementation organisations, and progress towards a lasting consolidation of peace, without further need for NATO-led forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina".<ref name="SFOR website">{{cite news |url=http://www.nato.int/sfor/organisation/mission.htm |title=SFOR MISSION |publisher=NATO |location=SFOR HQ Sarajevo |date=14 January 2003 |accessdate=November 27, 2012 }}</ref>
 +
The stated mission of SFOR was to "deter hostilities and stabilise the peace, contribute to a secure environment by providing a continued military presence in the Area Of Responsibility (AOR), target and coordinate SFOR support to key areas including primary civil implementation organisations, and progress towards a lasting consolidation of peace, without further need for NATO-led forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina".<ref name="SFOR website">{{cite news |url=http://www.nato.int/sfor/organisation/mission.htm |title=SFOR MISSION |publisher=NATO |location=SFOR HQ Sarajevo |date=14 January 2003 |accessdate=November 27, 2012}}</ref>
   
 
==Structure and history==
  
==Structure and history==
Line 30: Line 28:
   
 
SFOR was divided into three zones of operation:
 
SFOR was divided into three zones of operation:
−
*[[Mostar]] MNB(S) - Italian, Franco-German, Spanish
 +
*Mostar MNB(S) - Italian, Franco-German, Spanish
−
*[[Banja Luka]] MND(W) - American, British, Canadian, Czech, Dutch. The British code name for their activities in IFOR was Operation Resolute and SFOR was Operation Lodestar (to Jun 1998) and Operation Palatine (from Jun 1998).
 +
*Banja Luka MND(W) - American, British, Canadian, Czech, Dutch. The British code name for their activities in IFOR was [[Operation Resolute]] and SFOR was [[Operation Lodestar]] (to Jun 1998) and [[Operation Palatine]] (from Jun 1998). The Canadian mission was named [[Operation Palladium]] (1996 to 2004).
−
*[[Tuzla]] MND(N) - American, Turkish, Polish, Russian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish.
 +
*Tuzla MND(N) - American, Turkish, Polish, Russian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish.
   
 
(Some units had troops stationed outside the assigned zone)
  
(Some units had troops stationed outside the assigned zone)
Line 38: Line 36:
 
The three AOs were known collectively as Multi-National Divisions until the end of 2002 where they were reduced in scope to Multi-National Brigades.
  
The three AOs were known collectively as Multi-National Divisions until the end of 2002 where they were reduced in scope to Multi-National Brigades.
   
−
SFOR operated under [[peace enforcement]], not [[peacekeeping]], [[rules of engagement]]. For example, it was cleared, in 1997, to neutralize Serb radio-television facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/tulak.html |title=Physical Attack Information Operations in Bosnia |publisher=Airpower.maxwell.af.mil |date=2014-02-20 |accessdate=2014-08-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422121821/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/tulak.html |archivedate=2006-04-22 |df= }}</ref> During its mandate, SFOR arrested 29 individuals who were charged with [[war crimes]]. Those arrested were transferred to the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] in the [[Netherlands]].
+
SFOR operated under [[peace enforcement]], not peacekeeping, [[rules of engagement]]. For example, it was cleared, in 1997, to neutralize Serb radio-television facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/tulak.html |title=Physical Attack Information Operations in Bosnia |publisher=Airpower.maxwell.af.mil |date=2014-02-20 |accessdate=2014-08-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422121821/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/tulak.html |archivedate=2006-04-22 |df=}}</ref> During its mandate, SFOR arrested 29 individuals who were charged with [[war crimes]]. Those arrested were transferred to the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] in the Netherlands.
 
 
 
US service members serving in SFOR were awarded the [[Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal]] and the [[NATO Medal]].
  
US service members serving in SFOR were awarded the [[Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal]] and the [[NATO Medal]].
Line 45: Line 43:
   
 
==Member forces==
  
==Member forces==
−
SFOR operated under the code names Operation Joint Guard (December 21, 1996 - June 19, 1998) and Operation Joint Forge (June 20, 1998 - December 2, 2004).
+
SFOR operated under the code names [[Operation Joint Guard]] (December 21, 1996 - June 19, 1998) and [[Operation Joint Forge]] (June 20, 1998 - December 2, 2004).
−  
 
NATO nations providing troops included:
  
NATO nations providing troops included:
 
{{columns-list|3|
  
{{columns-list|3|
−
*[[Belgium]]
 +
*Belgium
−
*[[Bulgaria]]
+
*Bulgaria
−
*[[Canada]]
 +
*Canada
 
*[[Czech Republic]]
  
*[[Czech Republic]]
−
*[[Denmark]]
 +
*Denmark
−
*[[Estonia]]
+
*Estonia
−
*[[France]]
+
*France
−
*[[Germany]]
 +
*Germany
−
*[[Greece]]
 +
*Greece
−
*[[Hungary]]
+
*Hungary
−
*[[Iceland]]
 +
*Iceland
−
*[[Italy]]
 +
*Italy
−
*[[Latvia]]
+
*Latvia
−
*[[Lithuania]]
+
*Lithuania
−
*[[Luxembourg]]
 +
*Luxembourg
−
*[[Netherlands]]
 +
*Netherlands
−
*[[Norway]]
 +
*Norway
−
*[[Poland]]
+
*Poland
−
*[[Portugal]]
 +
*Portugal
 
*[[Romania]]
 
*[[Romania]]
−
*[[Spain]]
 +
*Spain
−
*[[Slovakia]]
 +
*Slovakia
−
*[[Slovenia]]
+
*Slovenia
−
*[[Turkey]]
 +
*Turkey
 
*[[United Kingdom]]
  
*[[United Kingdom]]
 
*[[United States]]
  
*[[United States]]
Line 79: Line 76:
 
Non-NATO nations providing troops included:
  
Non-NATO nations providing troops included:
 
{{columns-list|2|
  
{{columns-list|2|
−
*[[Albania]]
 +
*Albania
 
*[[Argentina]]
  
*[[Argentina]]
−
*[[Australia]]
 +
*Australia
 
*[[Austria]]
  
*[[Austria]]
 
*[[Egypt]]
  
*[[Egypt]]
−
*[[Finland]]
 +
*Finland
 
*[[Malaysia]]
  
*[[Malaysia]]
 
*[[Morocco]]
  
*[[Morocco]]
−
*[[New Zealand]]
 +
*New Zealand
 
*[[Republic of Ireland]]
  
*[[Republic of Ireland]]
 
*[[Russia]]
  
*[[Russia]]
−
*[[Sweden]]
 +
*Sweden
−
*[[Ukraine]]
 +
*Ukraine
 
}}
  
}}
   
Line 99: Line 96:
 
==Further reading==
  
==Further reading==
 
*{{cite book| url = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm| title = Bosnia-Herzegovina: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995-2004| publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]| id = CMH Pub 70-97-1| first = R. Cody| last = Phillips| location = Washington, D.C.}}
  
*{{cite book| url = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm| title = Bosnia-Herzegovina: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995-2004| publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]| id = CMH Pub 70-97-1| first = R. Cody| last = Phillips| location = Washington, D.C.}}
−
*{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221702000838|title = Measuring the success of the NATO operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995–2000|volume=140|issue=2|pages=459-481|journal=European Journal of Operations Research| first =Nicholas | last = Lambert | year = 2002|doi=10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00083-8}}
 +
*{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221702000838|title = Measuring the success of the NATO operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995–2000|volume=140|issue=2|pages=459–481|journal=European Journal of Operations Research| first =Nicholas | last = Lambert | year = 2002|doi=10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00083-8}}
   
 
==External links==
  
==External links==
  +
{{Commons|Category:Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
−
{{Commons category}}
  
−
*{{Official website|http://www.nato.int/sfor/ }}
 +
*{{Official website|http://www.nato.int/sfor/}}
 
*[http://www.af.mil/airforceoperationscenter/operationjointforge.asp US Air Force News article on Operation Joint Forge]
  
*[http://www.af.mil/airforceoperationscenter/operationjointforge.asp US Air Force News article on Operation Joint Forge]
   
  +
{{Wikipedia|Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
−
{{Authority control}}
  
   
 
[[Category:NATO-led peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia]]
  
[[Category:NATO-led peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia]]

Latest revision as of 01:24, 11 December 2019

Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Insignia NATO Army SFOR
SFOR insignia
Active 20 December 1996–2 December 2004
Country 39 countries
Type Command
Part of NATO


The Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Bosnian war. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It was replaced by EUFOR Althea in December 2004.

Mission

The stated mission of SFOR was to "deter hostilities and stabilise the peace, contribute to a secure environment by providing a continued military presence in the Area Of Responsibility (AOR), target and coordinate SFOR support to key areas including primary civil implementation organisations, and progress towards a lasting consolidation of peace, without further need for NATO-led forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina".[1]

Structure and history

SFOR was established in Security Council Resolution 1088 on December 12, 1996. It succeeded the much larger Implementation Force IFOR which was deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina on 20 December 1995 with a one-year mandate. The commanders of the SFOR, who each served one-year terms, were General William W. Crouch, General Eric Shinseki, General Montgomery Meigs, Lt. General Ronald Adams, Lt. General Michael Dodson, Lt. General John B. Sylvester, Lt. General William E. Ward, Major General Virgil Packett and Brigadier General Steven P. Schook

Troop levels were reduced to approximately 12,000 by the close of 2002, and to approximately 7,000 by the close of 2004. During NATO's 2004 Istanbul Summit the end of the SFOR mission was announced.

It was replaced by the European Union's EUFOR Althea, on 2 December 2004 at NATO HQ, Camp Butmir, Sarajevo, B-H.

SFOR was divided into three zones of operation:

  • Mostar MNB(S) - Italian, Franco-German, Spanish
  • Banja Luka MND(W) - American, British, Canadian, Czech, Dutch. The British code name for their activities in IFOR was Operation Resolute and SFOR was Operation Lodestar (to Jun 1998) and Operation Palatine (from Jun 1998). The Canadian mission was named Operation Palladium (1996 to 2004).
  • Tuzla MND(N) - American, Turkish, Polish, Russian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish.

(Some units had troops stationed outside the assigned zone)

The three AOs were known collectively as Multi-National Divisions until the end of 2002 where they were reduced in scope to Multi-National Brigades.

SFOR operated under peace enforcement, not peacekeeping, rules of engagement. For example, it was cleared, in 1997, to neutralize Serb radio-television facilities.[2] During its mandate, SFOR arrested 29 individuals who were charged with war crimes. Those arrested were transferred to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Netherlands.

US service members serving in SFOR were awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal and the NATO Medal.

SFOR operated as part of Operation Joint Guard and Operation Joint Forge. As time progressed, the numbers of troops allotted to SFOR declined. On December 2, 2004, SFOR disbanded and its functions were assumed by military units from the European Union.

Member forces

SFOR operated under the code names Operation Joint Guard (December 21, 1996 - June 19, 1998) and Operation Joint Forge (June 20, 1998 - December 2, 2004). NATO nations providing troops included:

Non-NATO nations providing troops included:

References

  1. ↑ "SFOR MISSION". SFOR HQ Sarajevo: NATO. 14 January 2003. http://www.nato.int/sfor/organisation/mission.htm. Retrieved November 27, 2012. 
  2. ↑ "Physical Attack Information Operations in Bosnia". Airpower.maxwell.af.mil. 2014-02-20. Archived from the original on 2006-04-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20060422121821/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/tulak.html. Retrieved 2014-08-10. 

Further reading

External links

Commons-Logo Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the edit history here.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.