Ukrainian Galician Army

Armies of Ukraine
	Kyivan Rus' / Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Druzhyna (862–1240); Voyi;
	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Registered Cossacks; Zaporozhian Cossacks (1492–1648);
	Zaporizhian Host Zaporozhian Cossacks (1648–1775);
	Austria-Hungary Legion of Sich Riflemen (1914–1918);
	Ukrainian People's Republic Ukrainian People's Army (1917–21); Sich Riflemen (1917–21); Ukrainian Galician Army (1918–19);
	Free Territory Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army (1918–1921);
	Carpatho-Ukraine Carpathian Sich (1938-39);
	Ukrainian National Government UPRA (1941–1944); Ukrainian Insurgent Army (1941–1955);
	Ukrainian SSR Red Cossacks; Ukrainian Soviet Army (1918–19); none (1919–1991), part of the Soviet Armed Forces;
	Ukraine Armed Forces (1992–Present); This box: view; talk; edit;

Ukrainian Galician Army ([ Українська Галицька Армія, Ukrayins’ka Halyts’ka Armiya] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help), UHA), was the Ukrainian military of the West Ukrainian National Republic during and after the Polish-Ukrainian War.

Military equipment[]

The Ukrainian Galician Army obtained its arms from Austrian depots and from the demobilized Austrian and German troops who streamed through Galicia by the hundreds of thousands following the collapse of the Central Powers at the end of World War I. However, the centers of Austria's military industry lay far from Galicia, and subsequent difficulty with resupply was a major factor in the Galicians losing their war against Poland.

Armed Forces[]

The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was well organized and was able to mobilize over 100,000 people by spring 1919, 40,000 of whom were battle-ready. Due to the Ukrainians' generally poor socioeconomic status, the army had a disproportionately low ratio of officers to other ranks. In the Austro-Hungarian Army, ethnic Ukrainians had accounted for only two out of 1,000 officers (in comparison, Poles had made up 27/1,000 officers in the Austrian military). As a result, although most of the junior rank officers were Galicians the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic relied largely on former high-ranking officers of the defunct Russian Army, such as General Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko, to take on the post of commander and general staff. It also staffed many positions with unemployed Austrian and German officers. For this reason, the German language was the easiest way for officers to communicate with each other and was the dominant language among the staff.^[1] Despite these measures, only approximately 2.4% of the army consisted of officers.

The Ukrainian Galician Army reached its greatest strength in June 1919, where it had 70,000 to 75,000 men, including reserves. It had very limited cavalry but artillery, consisting of ex-Austrian pieces, was a strength. The UHA had 2-3 armored cars and two armored trains. The UHA's air force, organized by Petro Franko (son of the poet Ivan Franko), fielded 40 airplanes, and until April 1919 enjoyed air superiority over the Poles.

Sich Rifles[]

A former unit of the Austro-Hungarian Army, the 1st Brigade of Sich Riflemen ([Sichovi Striltsi] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) became the elite force of the Ukrainian Galician Army during the war against Poland. It was formed in 1914 by former members of youth and paramilitary organizations and fought in Galicia and Ukraine against the Russian Empire throughout the first world war. At its peak this brigade had 8,600 men, not all of whom fought in Galicia.

Jewish Battalion[]

The Ukrainian Galician Army fielded a Jewish battalion (Zhydivs’kyy Kurin’ UHA) recruited from Jewish university and high school students in Ternopil and led by Lieutenant Solomon Leimberg.^[2] Formed in June, 1919, it attained a strength of 1,200 men and participated in combat against the Poles in July 1919 and subsequently against the Bolsheviks. The battalion was decimated by a typhus epidemic in late 1919 and its surviving soldiers were subsequently reassigned to other units within the Ukrainian Galician Army.^[3]

Structure[]

The Army consisted of numerous military formations which later were organized into four Corps. The Corps were farther divided into brigades composed of several regular military units.

I Corps UHA
- 5th Sokal Brigade
- 6th Rava Brigade
- 9th Uhniv-Belz Brigade
- 10th Yavoriv Brigade
II Corps UHA
- Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen
- 2nd Kolomyia Brigade
- 3rd Berezhany Brigade
- 4th Zolochiv Brigade
III Corps UHA
- 1st Mountainous Brigade
- 7th Stryi Brigade
- 8th Sambir Brigade
- Battle groups "Krukevychi" and "Hlyboka", reformed into 11th Stryi Brigade
- 14th Brigade (later)
IV Corps UHA
- 12th Brigade
- 21st Zbarazh Brigade

Territorially the West Ukrainian People's Republic was divided into three Military Oblasts centered in Lviv, Tarnopil, and Stanyslaviv with four okrugas (districts) in each.

Notable Soldiers of the Ukrainian Galician Army[]

Archduke Wilhelm of Austria, Austrian Archduke and Ukrainian patriot
Petro Franko, son of Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko
Oleksander Hrekov, commander-in-chief, ethnic Russian former Tsarist general, architect of the Chortkiv offensive
Yevhen Konovalets, founder and first leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko, Supreme Commander, later defence minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic's government-in-exile
Hnat Stefaniv, commander of Ukrainian forces in Lviv and later commander of the Ukrainian army in exile
Myron Tarnavsky, supreme commander of the Ukrainian Galician Army during its successful anti-Bolshevik offensive on Kiev; courtmartialed for signing an agreement with Anton Denikin
Dmytro Vitovsky, organizer of the Ukrainian uprising in Lviv and special operations formations. Later he was a member of Western Ukrainian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in May 1919

References[]

↑ Yaroslav Tinchenko, General Oleksander Hrekiv: Military Actions and Fate Journal of Memorial pg. 33 (Ukrainian)
↑ Myroslav Shkandrij. (2009). Jews in Ukrainian literature: representation and identity. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp.94-95
↑ Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2 1989

Subtelny, Orest (1988). Ukraine: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-5808-6.
A web site including information about the Ukrainian Galician army

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Ukrainian Galician Army and the edit history here.

[1] Yaroslav Tinchenko, General Oleksander Hrekiv: Military Actions and Fate Journal of Memorial pg. 33 (Ukrainian)

[2] Myroslav Shkandrij. (2009). Jews in Ukrainian literature: representation and identity. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp.94-95

[3] Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2 1989

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