The German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia as shown in the United States Government Why We Fight documentary series
The Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia includes a listing (or order of battle) of all operational formations of the Royal Yugoslav Army (Serbo-Croatian language: Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VKJ), Royal Yugoslav Air Force (Serbo-Croatian: Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VVKJ) and Royal Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevska Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica, KJRM) immediately prior to the World War II invasion of that country in April 1941.
The VKJ consisted of 33 divisions and 10 independent brigades, but due to tentative and incomplete mobilisation, only 7 divisions and 6 smaller formations were at close to fighting strength and in their planned deployment locations when the German-led Axis assault commenced on 6 April 1941. The Yugoslav defence plan involved placing the bulk of its land forces close to its borders, with very limited strategic reserves in depth. Almost all of the divisions that had been effectively mobilised were concentrated in the 3rd Army Group deployed in the east of the country along the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border. Most of the heavy weapons and armoured vehicles available to the VKJ were obsolete, most formations were heavily reliant on animal-powered transport, and the VKJ possessed only 50 tanks that could engage front line German tanks on an equal basis.
On 6 April 1941, the VVKJ had been almost completely mobilised, and consisted of 4 air brigades with more than 400 aircraft of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French and British design, including less than 120 modern fighter aircraft, and less than 110 modern medium bombers. Other than a small number of locally made Rogožarski IK-3 fighters, almost all the modern aircraft available to the VVKJ were of German, Italian or British design for which limited spares and munitions were available. The KJRM consisted of a flotilla of river monitors based on the Danube and a small fleet based in several ports along the Adriatic coast. The blue-water navy centred around a destroyer leader, three smaller destroyers, four obsolescent submarines and a gunboat, supplemented by minelayers and torpedo boats. Most of the smaller vessels in the Yugoslav fleet had been inherited from the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I and were obsolete.
| |||||
Royal Yugoslav Army[]
.svg){kind=link}
The war flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
At the time of the invasion, the Royal Yugoslav Army (Serbo-Croatian: Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VKJ) consisted of 17 regular and 12 reserve infantry divisions, 6 combined arms brigades, 3 regular cavalry divisions and 3 reserve cavalry brigades, 1 fortress division and one fortress brigade. There were also 23 frontier guard battalions, a few frontier guard regiments and some fortification troops.[1] The Yugoslav defence plan positioned almost all land forces close to its borders, with very limited strategic reserves in depth.[2] The VKJ was heavily reliant on animal-powered transport, mainly oxen, and had only 50 relatively modern Renault R35 tanks that could fight German tanks on an equal footing.[3][4] The VKJ was organised into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Army Groups, the independent 6th Army and the Coastal Defence Command. As mobilisation had been tentative and partial, many divisions were still in the process of mobilisation on 6 April 1941. The VKJ order of battle on 6 April 1941 is detailed below:[5]
mobilised Mobilised less staff and rear units.
in part Partly mobilised and moving to concentration area or assigned frontier.
commenced In process of mobilisation.
1st Army Group[]
The 1st Army Group was commanded by General Milorad Petrović.[6] It consisted of the 4th Army of General Petar Nedeljković,[7] responsible for the Yugoslav-Hungarian border and deployed behind the Drava between Varaždin and Slatina,[8] and the 7th Army of General Dušan Trifunović,[7] which was responsible for the defence of the northwestern border with Italy and the Third Reich. The Army Group Reserve was located around and to the south of Zagreb.[9]
| Army | Formation | Mobilisation status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
4th
|
Mura Division | commenced
|
—
|
| Sava Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Slavonia Division | in part
|
—
| |
| One brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division | commenced
|
rest of division allocated to Army Group Reserve
| |
7th
|
Drava Division | commenced
|
—
|
| Triglav Mountain Detachment | mobilised
|
brigade strength
| |
| Triglav Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Risnjak Mountain Detachment | mobilised
|
brigade strength
| |
| Lika Detachment | mobilised
|
—
| |
Army Group Reserve
|
Jadran Division | commenced
|
—
|
| Dinara Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Una Division | in part
|
—
| |
| 1st Cavalry Division | commenced
|
less one brigade allocated to 4th Army
|
2nd Army Group[]
The 2nd Army Group was commanded by General Milutin Nedić, and consisted of General Milan Rađenković's 1st Army,[10] responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza,[8] and the 2nd Army of General Dragoslav Miljković,[10] responsible for the border from Slatina to the Danube. There was no Army Group reserve, but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve of one infantry division deployed south of Brod.[8]
| Army | Formation | Mobilisation status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
1st
|
Potisje Division | commenced
|
—
|
| Senta Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Sombor Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| 3rd Cavalry Division | commenced
|
—
| |
2nd
|
Vrbas Division | in part
|
—
|
| Osijek Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Bosna Division | in part
|
in reserve
| |
| Lika Division | commenced
|
—
|
3rd Army Group[]
The 3rd Army Group was commanded by General Milan Nedić. It consisted of General Ilija Brašić's 3rd Army,[10] responsible for the border with Albania between Lake Ohrid to Lake Skadar,[8] and the 5th Army of General Vladimir Čukavac,[10] which had responsibility for the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border. The Army Group Reserve consisted of one infantry division deployed around Skopje.[8]
| Army | Formation | Mobilisation status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
3rd
|
Bregalnica Division | mobilised
|
—
|
| Šumadija Division | mobilised
|
—
| |
| Vardar Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Zeta Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Korn Detachment | mobilised
|
—
| |
5th
|
Timok Division | commenced
|
—
|
| Toplica Division | mobilised
|
—
| |
| Drina Division | mobilised
|
—
| |
| Vlasnica Detachment | mobilised
|
—
| |
| Kalna Detachment | mobilised
|
—
| |
| Morava Division | mobilised
|
—
| |
| Kosovo Division | mobilised
|
—
| |
Army Group Reserve
|
Ibar Division | in part
|
—
|
6th Army[]
The 6th Army was commanded by General Dimitrije Živković,[10] and was originally intended to form the strategic reserve for the VKJ. It was deployed around Belgrade and in the Banat region east of the Tisza. It held two infantry divisions in reserve in the lower Morava valley.[8]
| Army | Formation | Mobilisation status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
6th
|
Banat Division | mobilised
|
—
|
| Srem Division | in part
|
—
| |
| Dunav Division | commenced
|
—
| |
| Krajina Division | in part
|
in reserve
| |
| Cer Division | in part
|
in reserve
| |
| 2nd Cavalry Division | in part
|
—
|
Coastal Defence Command[]
| Army | Formation | Mobilisation status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Coastal Defence Command
|
Hercegovina Division | in part
|
—
|
| Boka Kotorska Command | commenced
|
—
| |
| Šibenik Command | commenced
|
—
|
Major equipment[]
In April 1941, a significant amount of obsolete equipment was in service with the VKJ, much of which was of World War I vintage. For example, of the 7,000 artillery pieces, less than 60 per cent were relatively modern, and only 50 of the tanks on hand were of comparable quality to front line German tanks.[11] The army inventory included the following major items of equipment:[3]
| Equipment | Number |
|---|---|
| Mortars | 1,900
|
| Light anti-tank guns | 800
|
| 75mm field guns | 823
|
| 105mm field howitzers | 180
|
| WWI-vintage howitzers | 3,000
|
| Anti-aircraft guns | 250
|
| Renault R35 light tanks | 50
|
| Škoda S-1d light tanks | 50
|
| Renault NC27 light tanks | 50
|
| Renault FT and M26/27 light tanks | 50
|
<templatestyles src="Template:Gallery/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Major items of equipment in service with the Royal Yugoslav Army
Royal Yugoslav Air Force[]
The roundel of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force
In April 1941, the Royal Yugoslav Air Force (Serbo-Croatian: Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VVKJ) was organised into a headquarters, four air brigades and one naval brigade. Peacetime headquarters locations are given for each regiment, but it is assumed that they redeployed to be closer to their subordinate groups.[12] In addition to operational units, the VVKJ had a pilot and bomber school at Mostar with a total of 13 modern aircraft, and a test group at Kraljevo with three aircraft.[13]
Air Force Headquarters[]
VVKJ headquarters was located at Zemun, and had two air groups under its direct command. Sources vary on the exact deployment location of one of the groups, and also vary regarding some details of the number and type of aircraft available at the time of the invasion.[14][15]
| Unit | Location | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|
| 11th Independent (Long Range Reconnaissance) Group | 9 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers[14][15] 2 × Hawker Hind Mk I light bombers[15] | |
| 81st Bomber Group | 14 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers[14][15] 3 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters[14] 3 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters[14] |
1st Fighter Brigade[]
The headquarters of the 1st Fighter Brigade was at Zemun.[14][16] Sources vary on the exact deployment locations of the two fighter regiments and their respective fighter groups, and also vary regarding some details of the number and type of aircraft available at the time of the invasion.[17][18]
| Formation | Unit | Location | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|---|
1st Fighter Brigade
|
—
|
Zemun
|
1 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighter[16] |
2nd Fighter Regiment
HQ: Kraljevo |
31st Fighter Group
|
Knić
|
19 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters[14][16] |
52nd Fighter Group
|
Knić
|
15 × Hawker Hurricane I fighters[14][16] | |
6th Fighter Regiment
HQ: Zemun |
32nd Fighter Group
|
Prnjavor
|
27 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters[19] |
51st Fighter Group
|
Zemun
|
10 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters[19] 6 × Ikarus IK-2 fighters[14] or 6 × Rogozarski IK-3 fighters[16] 2 × Potez 630 command aircraft[16] |
2nd Mixed Air Brigade[]
The headquarters of the 2nd Mixed Air Brigade was at Nova Topola.[14][15]
| Formation | Unit | Location | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|---|
4th Fighter Regiment
HQ: Zagreb |
33rd Fighter Group
|
Bosanski Aleksandrovac
|
13 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters[15][20] |
34th Fighter Group
|
Bosanski Aleksandrovac
|
7 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters 8 × Ikarus IK-2 fighters[15][20] | |
8th Bomber Regiment
HQ: Zagreb |
68th Bomber Group
|
Rovine
|
12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers[15][20] |
69th Bomber Group
|
Rovine
|
12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers[15][20] |
3rd Mixed Air Brigade[]
The headquarters of the 3rd Mixed Air Brigade was at Stubol.[15][20][21]
| Formation | Unit | Location | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|---|
3rd Bomber Regiment
HQ: Skopje |
63rd Bomber Group
|
Petrovec
|
30 × Dornier Do 17K light bombers[15][20] |
64th Bomber Group
|
Petrovec
|
30 × Dornier Do 17K light bombers[15][20] | |
5th Fighter Regiment[15]
HQ: Niš |
35th Fighter Group
|
Kosančić
|
15 × Hawker Fury Mk II fighters[22] |
36th Fighter Group
|
Režanovačka Kosa
|
15 × Hawker Fury Mk II fighters[22] |
4th Bomber Brigade[]
The headquarters of the 4th Bomber Brigade was at Ljubić.[15][20][23]
| Formation | Unit | Location | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|---|
1st Bomber Regiment
HQ: Novi Sad |
61st Bomber Group
|
Bijeljina
|
11 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers[24] |
62nd Bomber Group
|
Bijeljina
|
12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers[24] | |
7th Bomber Regiment
HQ: Mostar |
66th Bomber Group
|
Preljina
|
13 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers[15][20] |
67th Bomber Group
|
Gorobilje
|
13 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers[15][20] |
[]
The headquarters of the Naval Air Force was located at Kaštel Lukšić.[20]
| Unit | Location | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|
2nd Hydroplane Command
|
Divulje
|
29 × aircraft[20] |
3rd Hydroplane Command
|
Boka Kotorska
|
34 × aircraft[20] |
Aircraft types[]
Sources vary on the exact numbers of aircraft in the Royal Yugoslav Air Force inventory in April 1941, which included aircraft types of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French and British design. Estimates of the number of aircraft available range from 405[3] to 459. Of these, between 87[11] and 117 of the fighter aircraft were of modern design, the remainder were not capable of meeting front line Axis aircraft on close to equal terms, and were therefore considered obsolete. Significant numbers of bomber, reconnaissance and naval aircraft were also considered obsolete for the same reason. The most detailed figures available show the following numbers of aircraft by type.[3]
| Aircraft type | Model | Class | Number | Origin/notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fighter aircraft
|
Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 | —
|
73
|
 Nazi Germany
|
| Hawker Hurricane Mk I | —
|
44
|
 United Kingdom
| |
| Hawker Fury Mk II | —
|
31
|
United Kingdom (obsolete)
| |
| Ikarus IK-2 | —
|
12
|
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (obsolete)
| |
| Rogožarski IK-3 | —
|
6
|
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
| |
Bomber aircraft
|
Dornier Do 17Ka | medium
|
58
|
Nazi Germany
|
| Savoia-Marchetti SM 79-I | medium
|
45
|
 Kingdom of Italy
| |
| Bristol Blenheim Mk I | light
|
36
|
United Kingdom (obsolete)
| |
Reconnaissance aircraft
|
Caproni Ca.310 | —
|
12
|
Kingdom of Italy
|
| Caproni Ca.311 | —
|
15
|
Kingdom of Italy
| |
| Westland Lysander | —
|
12
|
United Kingdom
| |
| Breguet 19A2 | —
|
75
|
 France (obsolete)
| |
Naval aircraft
|
Dornier Do 17Ka | —
|
12
|
Nazi Germany
|
| Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H reconnaissance floatplane | —
|
12
|
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
| |
| Hanriot H.41 floatplane trainer/ Heinkel HE 8 reconnaissance floatplane |
—
|
50
|
France (obsolete)/ Nazi Germany (obsolete)
| |
| Dornier Do 22Kj torpedo bomber floatplane | —
|
12
|
Nazi Germany (obsolete)
|
Between 6 and 17 April 1941, the VVKJ took receipt of additional aircraft, including eight Hawker Hurricane Mk Is, six Dornier Do 17Ks, four Bristol Blenheim Mk Is, two Icarus IK-2s, one Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 and one Rogožarski IK-3.[25]
<templatestyles src="Template:Gallery/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Aircraft types in service with the Royal Yugoslav Air Force
[]
The naval ensign of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Royal Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevska Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica, KJRM) was small, with its largest ships being an obsolete former German light cruiser (used as a gunnery training ship),[26] one destroyer leader, and three smaller Beograd-class destroyers.[27] It also included four submarines, a gunboat, and four river monitors. At the time of the invasion it included the following vessels:
| Ship/vessel | Type | Displacement | Completed | Origin/notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
light cruiser
|
2,370 long tons (2,410 t)
|
1900
|
 German Empireformer SMS Niobe, Dalmacija was obsolete and being used as a gunnery training ship[28] | |
destroyer leader
|
2,350 long tons (2,390 t)
|
1932
|
United Kingdom[27]
| |
1,870 long tons (1,900 t)
|
1930
|
 Weimar Republic converted seaplane tender[28]
| ||
1,655–1,800 long tons (1,682–1,829 t)
|
1937
|
France Beograd-class destroyer[29][30] | ||
destroyer
|
1,655–1,800 long tons (1,682–1,829 t)
|
1938
|
Kingdom of Yugoslavia Beograd-class destroyer[29][30] | |
destroyer
|
1,655–1,800 long tons (1,682–1,829 t)
|
1938
|
Kingdom of Yugoslavia Beograd-class destroyer[29][30] | |
submarine
|
1,164 long tons (1,183 t)
|
1927
|
United Kingdom British L-class submarine[31][32] | |
submarine
|
1,164 long tons (1,183 t)
|
1927
|
United Kingdom British L-class submarine[31][32] | |
submarine
|
809 long tons (822 t)
|
1929
|
France Osvetnik-class submarine[28][32] | |
submarine
|
809 long tons (822 t)
|
1928
|
France Osvetnik-class submarine[28][32] | |
gun boat
|
660 long tons (670 t)
|
1939
|
Kingdom of Italy Royal yacht/escort[28][32] | |
river monitor
|
450 long tons (460 t)
|
1914
|
 Austria-Hungaryformer Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Enns[29][33] | |
river monitor
|
530 long tons (540 t)
|
1892
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Koros[29][34] | |
river monitor
|
380 long tons (390 t)
|
1904
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Bodrog[29][33] | |
river monitor
|
530 long tons (540 t)
|
1904
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor Bosna[29][34] | |
Galeb
|
minelayer
|
330 long tons (340 t)
|
1918
|
German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M100[28][29] |
Gavran
|
minelayer
|
330 long tons (340 t)
|
1918
|
German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M106[28][29] |
Jastreb
|
minelayer
|
330 long tons (340 t)
|
1918
|
German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M112[28][29] |
Kobac
|
minelayer
|
330 long tons (340 t)
|
1918
|
German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M121[28][29] |
Orao
|
minelayer
|
330 long tons (340 t)
|
1918
|
German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M97[28][29] |
Sokol
|
minelayer
|
330 long tons (340 t)
|
1919
|
German Empire former German M-class minesweeper M114[28][29] |
262 long tons (266 t)
|
1913
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 74-class T-group torpedo boat 76T[28][29] | ||
torpedo boat
|
262 long tons (266 t)
|
1914
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 74-class T-group torpedo boat 78T[28][29] | |
T5
|
torpedo boat
|
266 long tons (270 t)
|
1915
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 74-class F-group torpedo boat 87F[28][29] |
T6
|
torpedo boat
|
266 long tons (270 t)
|
1915
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 74-class F-group torpedo boat 93F[28][29] |
T7
|
torpedo boat
|
266 long tons (270 t)
|
1916
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 74-class F-group torpedo boat 96F[28][29] |
T8
|
torpedo boat
|
266 long tons (270 t)
|
1916
|
Austria-Hungary former Austro-Hungarian Navy 74-class F-group torpedo boat 97F[28][29] |
Malinska
|
mining tender
|
130 long tons (130 t)
|
1931
|
Austria-Hungary[28][32]
|
Marjan
|
mining tender
|
130 long tons (130 t)
|
1931
|
Austria-Hungary[28][32]
|
Meljine
|
mining tender
|
130 long tons (130 t)
|
1931
|
Austria-Hungary[28][32]
|
Mljet
|
mining tender
|
130 long tons (130 t)
|
1931
|
Austria-Hungary[28][32]
|
Mosor
|
mining tender
|
130 long tons (130 t)
|
1931
|
Austria-Hungary[28][32]
|
<templatestyles src="Template:Gallery/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Vessels in service with the Royal Yugoslav Navy
,_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg "Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-185-0116-27A, Bucht von Kotor (-), jugoslawische Schiffe.jpg (196 KB)")
,_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg "Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-185-0116-22A, Bucht von Kotor (-), jugoslawische Schiffe.jpg (180 KB)")
Notes[]
- ↑ U.S. Army 1986, p. 36.
- ↑ Tomasevich 1975, p. 56.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Zajac 1993, p. 47.
- ↑ Tomasevich 1975, pp. 58–59.
- ↑ Barefield 1993, pp. 49–54.
- ↑ Anic 2002, p. 31.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Loi 1978, p. 43.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 U.S. Army 1986, p. 37.
- ↑ U.S. Army 1986, pp. 36–37.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Loi 1978, p. 44.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Tomasevich 1975, p. 59.
- ↑ Barefield 1993, pp. 57–59.
- ↑ Savić & Ciglić 2002, pp. 8–9.
- ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 Barefield 1993, p. 57.
- ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 8. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "FOOTNOTESavićCiglić20028" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "FOOTNOTESavićCiglić20028" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "FOOTNOTESavićCiglić20028" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "FOOTNOTESavićCiglić20028" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 7.
- ↑ Barefield 1993, pp. 58–59.
- ↑ Savić & Ciglić 2002, pp. 7–9.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 7; Barefield 1993, p. 57, sources vary on the total number of Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters allocated to the 6th Fighter Regiment, Savić & Ciglić state 32, Barefield states 37.
- ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 Barefield 1993, p. 58.
- ↑ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 189.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 8; Barefield 1993, p. 58, sources vary on the total number of Hawker Fury Mk II fighters allocated to the 5th Fighter Regiment, Savić & Ciglić state 25, Barefield states 30.
- ↑ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 190.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Barefield 1993, p. 58; Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 8, sources slightly vary on the total number of Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers allocated to the 1st Bomber Regiment, Barefield states 23, Savić & Ciglić state 24.
- ↑ Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 9.
- ↑ Willmott 2010, pp. 310–311.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Zajac 1993, p. 48.
- ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 Willmott 2010, p. 311.
- ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 Chesneau 1980, p. 357.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Brescia 2012, p. 134.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Akermann 2002, p. 168.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.9 Chesneau 1980, p. 358.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Jane's Information Group 1989, p. 315.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Willmott 2010, p. 310.
References[]
Books[]
- Akermann, Paul (2002). Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955. Penzance, Cornwall: Periscope Publishing. ISBN 978-0-907771-42-5. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=boO7WGL21EQC.
- Anic, Nikola (2002) (in Croatian). Njemačka vojska u Hrvatskoj 1941–1945 [The German Army in Croatia 1941–1945]. Zagreb, Croatia: Hrvatski institut za povijest (Croatian Institute of History). ISBN 978-953-6491-77-3.
- Brescia, Maurizio (2012). Mussolini's Navy. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59114-544-8.
- Chesneau, Roger, ed (1980). Conway's All the world's fighting ships, 1922-1946. London, England: Conway Maritime Press. OCLC 978-0-85177-146-5.
- Jane's Information Group (1989) [1946/47]. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. London, England: Studio Editions. ISBN 978-1-85170-194-0.
- Loi, Salvatore (1978) (in Italian). Le operazioni delle unità italiane in Jugoslavia (1941–1943): narrazione, documenti [The operations of Italian units in Yugoslavia (1941–1943): narrative, documents]. Rome, Italy: Ministero della difesa (Ministry of Defence). OCLC 9194926.
- Savić, Dragan; Ciglić, Boris (2002). Croatian Aces of World War 2. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-435-1. http://books.google.ca/books?id=RaBh3kd2HoMC.
- Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1987). Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-07-6.
- Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ.
- Willmott, H.P. (2010). The Last Century of Sea Power: From Washington to Tokyo, 1922–1945. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35214-9. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=2AiIL5icXqMC.
- U.S. Army (1986) [1953]. The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 16940402. CMH Pub 104-4. http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm.
Papers[]
- Barefield, Michael R. (May 1993). "Overwhelming Force, Indecisive Victory: The German Invasion of Yugoslavia, 1941". Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 32251055. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA274019.
- Zajac, Daniel L. (May 1993). "The German Invasion of Yugoslavia: Insights For Crisis Action Planning And Operational Art in A Combined Environment". Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 32251097. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA274043.
The original article can be found at Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia and the edit history here.